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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to quantify artificial stenoses in vessel phantoms in near real-time., Methods: Custom-made stenosis phantoms with different degrees of stenosis (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%; length 40 mm, inner diameter 8 mm, Polyoxymethylene) were filled with diluted Ferucarbotran (superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle (SPION) tracer agent, 500 mmol (Fe)/l). A traveling wave MPI scanner (spatial resolution ~ 2 mm, gradient strength ~ 1.5 T/m, field of view: 65 mm length and 29 mm diameter, frequencies f 1  = 1050 Hz and f 2  = 12150 Hz) was used to acquire images of the phantoms (200 ms total acquisition time per image, 10 averages). Standardized grey scaling was used for comparability. All measured stenoses (n = 80) were graded manually using a dedicated software tool., Results: MPI allowed for accurate visualization of stenoses at a frame rate of 5frames per second. Less severe stenoses were detected more precisely than higher-grade stenoses and came with smaller standard deviations. In particular, the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% stenosis phantom were measured as 3.7 ± 2.7% (mean ± standarddeviation), 18.6 ± 1.8%, 52.8 ± 3.7%, 77.8 ± 14.8% and 100 ± 0%. Geometrical distortions occurred around the center of the high-grade stenosis and led to higher standard deviations compared to lower grade stenoses. In the frame of this study the MPI signal depended linearly on the SPION concentration down to 0.05 mmol (Fe)/l., Conclusion: Near real-time MPI accurately visualized and quantified different stenosis grades in vascular phantoms., (Copyright © 2021 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Most 3-D magnetic particle imaging (MPI) scanners currently use permanent magnets to create the strong gradient field required for high resolution MPI. However, using permanent magnets limits the field of view (FOV) due to the large amount of energy required to move the field free point (FFP) from the center of the scanner. To address this issue, an alternative approach called "Traveling Wave MPI" is here presented. This approach employs a novel gradient system, the dynamic linear gradient array, to cover a large FOV while dynamically creating a strong magnetic gradient. The proposed design also enables the use of a so-called line-scanning mode, which simplifies the FFP trajectory to a linear path through the 3-D volume. This results in simplified mathematics, which facilitates the image reconstruction.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of real-time magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to guide percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of vascular stenoses in a phantom model.Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on a custom-built MPI scanner. Vascular stenosis phantoms consisted of polyvinyl chloride tubes (inner diameter 8 mm) prepared with a centrally aligned cable tie to form ~ 50% stenoses. MPI angiography for visualization of stenoses was performed using the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-based contrast agent Ferucarbotran (10 mmol (Fe)/l). Balloon catheters and guidewires for PTA were visualized using custom-made lacquer markers based on Ferucarbotran. Stenosis dilation (n = 3) was performed by manually inflating the PTA balloon with diluted Ferucarbotran. An online reconstruction framework was implemented for real-time imaging with very short latency time.Results: Visualization of stenosis phantoms and guidance of interventional instruments in real-time (4 frames/s, ~ 100 ms latency time) was possible using an online reconstruction algorithm. Labeling of guidewires and balloon catheters allowed for precise visualization of instrument positions.Conclusion: Real-time MPI-guided PTA in a phantom model is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic particles have become a core ingredient for many applications in chemistry, biology, and medical diagnostics, e.g., as basis for bioanalytical methods or tracer material for medical imaging. This paper discusses the theory and presents numerical simulations of a new method called rotational drift spectroscopy (RDS), which uses rotating magnetic fields for measuring the properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in liquid suspensions. The RDS signal is based on the nonlinear rotational drift behavior of MNPs in rotating magnetic fields, which is highly dependent on the properties of the MNPs as well as their interaction with the environment. This dependence makes it a highly promising tool for detecting the binding of functionalized MNPs with, e.g., proteins, viruses, or cells. This paper presents the theory and numerical simulations of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic particles have become a core ingredient for many applications in chemistry, biology, and medical diagnostics, e.g., as a basis for bioanalytical methods or as tracer material for medical imaging. This paper presents a new method called rotational drift spectroscopy (RDS) which uses rotating magnetic fields for measuring the properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in liquid suspensions. The RDS signal is based on the nonlinear rotational drift behavior of MNPs in rotating magnetic fields, which is highly dependent on the properties of the MNPs as well as their interaction with the environment. This dependency allows detecting the binding of functionalized MNPs with, e.g., proteins, viruses, or cells with potentially very high sensitivity. This paper presents first experiments demonstrating rotational drift behavior on aggregated magnetic particle ensembles and the corresponding experimental setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While magnetic particle imaging (MPI) constitutes a novel biomedical imaging technique for tracking superpara magnetic nanoparticles in vivo, unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it cannot provide anatomical background information. Until now these two modalities have been performed in separate scanners and image co-registration has been hampered by the need to reposition the sample in both systems as similarly as possible. This paper presents a bimodal MPI-MRI-tomograph that combines both modalities in a single system. MPI and MRI images can thus be acquired without moving the sample or replacing any parts in the setup. The images acquired with the presented setup show excellent agreement between the localization of the nano particles in MPI and the MRI background data. A combination of two highly complementary imaging modalities has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a promising new tomographic modality for fast as well as three-dimensional visualization of magnetic material. For anatomical or structural information an additional imaging modality such as computed tomography (CT) is required. In this paper, the first hybrid MPI-CT scanner for multimodal imaging providing simultaneous data acquisition is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]