12 results on '"Saunders, John B."'
Search Results
2. Criteria for the establishment of a new behavioural addiction Commentary to the debate: “Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11”.
- Author
-
GULLO, MATTHEW J., WOOD, ANDREW P., and SAUNDERS, JOHN B.
- Subjects
COMPULSIVE behavior ,INTERNATIONAL Statistical Classification of Diseases & Related Health Problems ,ADDICTIONS ,GAMING disorder ,CONTROL (Psychology) - Abstract
When does repeated behaviour constitute behavioural addiction? There has been considerable debate about non-substance-related addictions and how to determine when impaired control over a behaviour is addiction. There are public health benefits to identifying new behavioural addictions if intervention can improve outcomes. However, criteria for establishing new behavioural addictions must guard against diagnostic inflation and the pathologizing of normal problems of living. Criteria should include clinical relevance (Criterion 1), alignment with addiction phenomenology (Criterion 2) and theory (Criterion 3), and taxonomic plausibility (Criterion 4). Against such criteria, evidence does not yet support classification of pornography-use and buying-shopping disorders as addictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Functional impairment matters in the screening and diagnosis of gaming disorder
- Author
-
Billieux, Joël, King, Daniel Luke, Higuchi, Susumu, Achab, Sophia, Bowden-Jones, Henrietta, Hao, Wei, Long, Jiang, Lee, Hae Kook, Potenza, Marc N, Saunders, John B, and Poznyak, Vladimir
- Subjects
diagnosis ,Functional Impairment ,Traitement & psychologie clinique [H13] [Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie] ,Internet Gaming Disorder ,Treatment & clinical psychology [H13] [Social & behavioral sciences, psychology] ,Gaming Disorder ,DSM-5 ,Internet gaming disorder ,gaming disorder ,ddc:616.89 ,functional impairment ,ICD-11 ,ICD-11, IGD ,Diagnosis ,Commentary - Abstract
This commentary responds to Aarseth et al.’s (in press) criticisms that the ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal would result in “moral panics around the harm of video gaming” and “the treatment of abundant false-positive cases.” The ICD-11 Gaming Disorder avoids potential “overpathologizing” with its explicit reference to functional impairment caused by gaming and therefore improves upon a number of flawed previous approaches to identifying cases with suspected gaming-related harms. We contend that moral panics are more likely to occur and be exacerbated by misinformation and lack of understanding, rather than proceed from having a clear diagnostic system.
- Published
- 2017
4. Alcohol Use Disorders in ICD‐11: Past, Present, and Future.
- Author
-
Saunders, John B., Degenhardt, Louisa, Reed, Geoffrey M., and Poznyak, Vladimir
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS of alcoholism , *MEDICAL protocols , *CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders , *NOSOLOGY , *RISK-taking behavior , *ALCOHOL withdrawal syndrome , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *ALCOHOLIC intoxication - Abstract
The Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) was formally published in May 2019. Alcohol use disorders form a key part of the section of Disorders due to Substance Use and Addictive Behaviours. This review describes and discusses the alcohol diagnoses within this section of ICD‐11, including Alcohol Dependence, Harmful Pattern of Use of Alcohol, and entities such as Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Withdrawal, and several alcohol‐induced mental disorders, and briefly covers Hazardous Alcohol Use, which is listed separately as a health risk factor. We summarize the historical background to the development of these diagnoses, including work within the World Health Organization since the 1970s, and the corresponding diagnoses in the current ICD‐10. The process by which ICD‐11 diagnoses have been made is described and may be summarized as a conceptual–pragmatic–confirmatory one. The available empirical data supporting the ICD‐11 diagnoses are presented, particularly in relation to the diagnostic guidelines for Alcohol Dependence. Comparison is made with the corresponding diagnoses in ICD‐10 and their nearest counterparts in the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Field testing of the ICD‐11 diagnoses is currently in progress. A plea is made for matching of diagnoses, diagnostic guidelines/criteria, and the assessment tools intended to capture these diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Gaming disorder: Its delineation as an important condition for diagnosis, management, and prevention.
- Author
-
SAUNDERS, JOHN B., WEI HAO, JIANG LONG, KING, DANIEL L., MANN, KARL, FAUTH-BÜHLER, MIRA, RUMPF, HANS-JÜRGEN, BOWDEN-JONES, HENRIETTA, RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR, AFARIN, CHUNG, THOMAS, CHAN, ELDA, BAHAR, NORHARLINA, ACHAB, SOPHIA, HAE KOOK LEE, POTENZA, MARC, PETRY, NANCY, SPRITZER, DANIEL, AMBEKAR, ATUL, DEREVENSKY, JEFFREY, and GRIFFITHS, MARK D.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNET gambling , *GAMBLER psychology , *COMPULSIVE gambling - Abstract
Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multiplicity of problems due to excessive involvement in gaming. Gaming disorder, both online and offline, has been defined for the first time in the draft of 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). National surveys have shown prevalence rates of gaming disorder/addiction of 10%–15% among young people in several Asian countries and of 1%–10% in their counterparts in some Western countries. Several diseases related to excessive gaming are now recognized, and clinics are being established to respond to individual, family, and community concerns, but many cases remain hidden. Gaming disorder shares many features with addictions due to psychoactive substances and with gambling disorder, and functional neuroimaging shows that similar areas of the brain are activated. Governments and health agencies worldwide are seeking for the effects of online gaming to be addressed, and for preventive approaches to be developed. Central to this effort is a need to delineate the nature of the problem, which is the purpose of the definitions in the draft of ICD-11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Substance dependence and non-dependence in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD): can an identical conceptualization be achieved?
- Author
-
Saunders, John B.
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOLISM , *DRUG addiction , *DRUG abuse , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *ADDICTIONS , *PERSONALITY disorders , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *MENTAL illness , *MENTAL health - Abstract
Background This review summarizes the history of the development of diagnostic constructs that apply to repetitive substance use, and compares and contrasts the nature, psychometric performance and utility of the major diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic systems. Methods The available literature was reviewed with a particular focus on diagnostic concepts that are relevant for clinical and epidemiological practice, and so that research questions could be generated that might inform the development of the next generation of DSM and ICD diagnoses. Results The substance dependence syndrome is a psychometrically robust and clinically useful construct, which applies to a range of psychoactive substances. The differences between the DSM fourth edition (DSM-IV) and the ICD tenth edition (ICD-10) versions are minimal and could be resolved. DSM-IV substance abuse performs moderately well but, being defined essentially by social criteria, may be culture-dependent. ICD-10 harmful substance use performs poorly as a diagnostic entity. Conclusions There are good prospects for resolving many of the differences between the DSM and ICD systems. A new non-dependence diagnosis is required. There would also be advantages in a subthreshold diagnosis of hazardous or risky substance use being incorporated into the two systems. Biomedical research can be drawn upon to define a psychophysiological ‘driving force’ which could underpin a broad spectrum of substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Web-based screening and brief intervention for hazardous drinking: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
- Author
-
Kypri, Kypros, Saunders, John B., Williams, Sheila M., McGee, Rob O., Langley, John D., Cashell‐Smith, Martine L., and Gallagher, Stephen J.
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOLISM treatment , *ALCOHOL drinking , *ALCOHOLISM , *DIAGNOSIS , *MEDICAL screening , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Strong evidence exists for the efficacy of screening and brief intervention for reducing hazardous drinking. However, problems have been highlighted with respect to its implementation in health-care systems, not least of which is a reluctance of some doctors to discuss alcohol proactively with their patients.To determine the efficacy of a novel web-based screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) to reduce hazardous drinking.A double-blind randomized controlled trial.A university student health service.A total of 167 students (17–26 years) were recruited in the reception area and completed a 3-minute web-based screen including the Alcohol Use Disorder Identifiation Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. Of these, 112 tested positive, and 104 (52 females) who consented to follow-up were included in the trial.Drinking frequency, typical occasion quantity, total volume, heavy episode frequency (females>80 g ethanol, males>120 g ethanol), number of personal problems, an academic problems score.Participants were randomized to 10–15 minutes of web-based assessment and personalized feedback on their drinking (intervention,n = 51) or to a leaflet-only control group (n = 53).Mean baseline AUDIT scores for control and intervention groups were 16.6 (SD = 6.0) and 16.6 (SD = 5.7). At 6 weeks, participants receiving e-SBI reported significantly lower total consumption (geometric mean ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.56–0.96), lower heavy episode frequency (0.63; 0.42–0.92) and fewer personal problems (0.70; 0.54–0.91). At 6 months personal problems remained lower (0.76; 0.60–0.97), although consumption did not differ significantly. At 6 months, academic problems were lower in the intervention group relative to controls (0.72; 0.51–1.02).e-SBI reduced hazardous drinking among university students, to an extent similar to that found for practitioner-delivered brief interventions in the general population. e-SBI offers promise as a strategy to reduce alcohol-related harm in a way that is non-intrusive, appealing to the target group, and capable of being incorporated into primary care. Research is required to replicate the findings, to determine the duration of intervention effects, and to investigate the mechanisms by which the intervention operates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. CDT, GGT, and AST As Markers of Alcohol Use: The WHO/ISBRA Collaborative Project.
- Author
-
Conigrave, Katherine M., Degenhardt, Louisa J., Whitfield, John B., Saunders, John B., Helander, Anders, and Tabakoff, Boris
- Abstract
Background: Estimates of the performance of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as markers of alcohol consumption have varied widely. Studies have differed in design and subject characteristics. The WHO/ISBRA Collaborative Study allows assessment and comparison of CDT, GGT, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as markers of drinking in a large, well-characterized, multicenter sample. Methods: A total of 1863 subjects were recruited from five countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Finland, and Japan). Recruitment was stratified by alcohol use, age, and sex. Demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, and presence of ICD-10 dependence were recorded using an interview schedule based on the AUDADIS. CDT was assayed using CDTect™ and GGT and AST by standard methods. Statistical techniques included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Multiple regression was used to measure the impact of factors other than alcohol on test performance. Results: CDT and GGT had comparable performance on ROC analysis, with AST performing slightly less well. CDT was a slightly but significantly better marker of high-risk consumption in men. All were more effective for detection of high-risk rather than intermediate-risk drinking. CDT and GGT levels were influenced by body mass index, sex, age, and smoking status. Conclusions: CDT was little better than GGT in detecting high- or intermediate-risk alcohol consumption in this large, multicenter, predominantly community-based sample. As the two tests are relatively independent of each other, their combination is likely to provide better performance than either test alone. Test interpretation should take account sex, age, and body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Enhancing the ICD System in Recording Alcohol's Involvement in Disease and Injury.
- Author
-
Saunders, John B. and Room, Robin
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS of alcoholism , *ALCOHOLISM , *ETHANOL , *NOSOLOGY , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *MEDICAL coding , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Among the tasks facing those who code alcohol-related disorders in an international classification of disease are an examination of the multiple places in which the involvement of alcohol and other psychoactive substances (and their associated disorders) are captured and finding out how this can be optimized for clinical and epidemiological purposes. It is important to adjust the current coding system so that the involvement of alcohol in injuries is routinely recorded. The suggestions by Touquet and Harris (2012) for enhancing the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system are valuable input for this process, pointing to the importance of codes that can be used in the emergency-department environment both for capturing alcohol's involvement and to point to the necessary therapeutic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The profile of psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine use.
- Author
-
McKetin, Rebecca, Dawe, Sharon, Burns, Richard A., Hides, Leanne, Kavanagh, David J., Teesson, Maree, McD. Young, Ross, Voce, Alexandra, and Saunders, John B.
- Subjects
- *
METHAMPHETAMINE , *ETIOLOGY of schizophrenia , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SYMPTOMS , *PSYCHOSES , *DIAGNOSIS , *PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis , *SUBSTANCE abuse & psychology , *SUBSTANCE abuse diagnosis , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MENTAL illness , *CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders , *RESEARCH , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *EVALUATION research , *SUBSTANCE-induced psychoses , *DISEASE complications , *BEHAVIOR disorders , *PSYCHOLOGICAL factors , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine use can produce symptoms almost indistinguishable from schizophrenia. Distinguishing between the two conditions has been hampered by the lack of a validated symptom profile for methamphetamine-induced psychiatric symptoms. We use data from a longitudinal cohort study to examine the profile of psychiatric symptoms that are acutely exacerbated by methamphetamine use.Methods: 164 methamphetamine users, who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime primary psychotic disorder, were followed monthly for one year to assess the relationship between days of methamphetamine use and symptom severity on the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms with methamphetamine use was quantified using random coefficient models. The dimensions of symptom exacerbation were examined using principal axis factoring and a latent profile analysis.Results: Symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine loaded on three factors: positive psychotic symptoms (suspiciousness, unusual thought content, hallucinations, bizarre behavior); affective symptoms (depression, suicidality, guilt, hostility, somatic concern, self-neglect); and psychomotor symptoms (tension, excitement, distractibility, motor hyperactivity). Methamphetamine use did not significantly increase negative symptoms. Vulnerability to positive psychotic and affective symptom exacerbation was shared by 28% of participants, and this vulnerability aligned with a past year DSM-IV diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis (38% vs. 22%, χ(2)(df1)=3.66, p=0.056).Conclusion: Methamphetamine use produced a symptom profile comprised of positive psychotic and affective symptoms, which aligned with a diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis, with no evidence of a negative syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Primary and substance-induced psychotic disorders in methamphetamine users.
- Author
-
Hides, Leanne, Dawe, Sharon, McKetin, Rebecca, Kavanagh, David J., Young, Ross McD., Teesson, Maree, and Saunders, John B.
- Subjects
- *
SUBSTANCE-induced disorders , *DIAGNOSIS , *METHAMPHETAMINE , *ADRENERGIC uptake inhibitors , *PSYCHOSES , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *SUBSTANCE-induced psychoses - Abstract
This study investigates the rates of primary psychotic disorders (PPD) and substance-induced psychotic disorders (SIPDs) in methamphetamine (MA) users accessing needle and syringe programs (NSPs). The aim was to determine if there are systematic differences in the characteristics of MA users with PPDs and SIPDs compared to those with no psychotic disorder. Participants were 198 MA users reporting use in the previous month. Diagnosis was determined using the Psychiatric Research Interview for DSM-IV Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV). Current psychiatric symptoms and substance use were also measured. Just over half ( n =101) of participants met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime psychotic disorder, including 81 (80%) with a SIPD and 20 (20%) with a PPD. Those with a younger age of onset of weekly MA use were at increased risk of a lifetime SIPD. A current psychotic disorder was found in 62 (39%), comprising 49 SIPDs (79%) and 13 PPDs (21%). MA users with a current PPD were more likely to have received psychiatric treatment in the past month than those with a current SIPD, despite a similar level of psychotic symptom severity. A high proportion of MA users accessing NSPs have psychotic disorders, the majority of which are substance-induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Innovations and changes in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders
- Author
-
Anne M. Lovell, Assen Jablensky, Pratap Sharan, Chihiro Matsumoto, Rajat Ray, Sabine Bährer-Kohler, Vladimir Poznyak, Cary S. Kogan, Steven E. Hyman, Min Zhao, Ann D. Watts, Jair de Jesus Mari, Brigitte Khoury, Wolfgang Gaebel, Kathleen M. Pike, Shigenobu Kanba, Rebeca Robles, Luis Salvador-Carulla, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Elena Garralda, Angélica M. Claudino, Tahilia J. Rebello, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Andreas Maercker, John B. Saunders, Oye Gureje, Shekhar Saxena, Michael C. Roberts, Dan J. Stein, Geoffrey M. Reed, Michael B. First, Toshimasa Maruta, Maya Kulygina, Jared W. Keeley, Mario Maj, María Elena Medina-Mora, Per Anders Rydelius, Valery Krasnov, Peter Tyrer, Tarun Dua, Pichet Udomratn, Reed, Geoffrey M, First, Michael B, Kogan, Cary S, Hyman, Steven E, Gureje, Oye, Gaebel, Wolfgang, Maj, Mario, Stein, Dan J, Maercker, Andrea, Tyrer, Peter, Claudino, Angelica, Garralda, Elena, Salvador-Carulla, Lui, Ray, Rajat, Saunders, John B, Dua, Tarun, Poznyak, Vladimir, Medina-Mora, María Elena, Pike, Kathleen M, Ayuso-Mateos, José L, Kanba, Shigenobu, Keeley, Jared W, Khoury, Brigitte, Krasnov, Valery N, Kulygina, Maya, Lovell, Anne M, de Jesus Mari, Jair, Maruta, Toshimasa, Matsumoto, Chihiro, Rebello, Tahilia J, Roberts, Michael C, Robles, Rebeca, Sharan, Pratap, Zhao, Min, Jablensky, Assen, Udomratn, Pichet, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rydelius, Per-Ander, Bährer-Kohler, Sabine, Watts, Ann D, Saxena, Shekhar, and Department of Health
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,diagnosis ,clinical utility ,culture-related guidance ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,dimensional approaches ,International Classification of Diseases ,ICD-11 ,dimensional approache ,medicine ,International Classification of Disease ,Set (psychology) ,Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Classification of mental disorders ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Mental health ,Personality disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,mental disorders ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,diagnosi ,Special Articles ,Anxiety ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Emotional and behavioral disorders - Abstract
Following approval of the ICD‐11 by the World Health Assembly in May 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) member states will transition from the ICD‐10 to the ICD‐11, with reporting of health statistics based on the new system to begin on January 1, 2022. The WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse will publish Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) for ICD‐11 Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders following ICD‐11’s approval. The development of the ICD‐11 CDDG over the past decade, based on the principles of clinical utility and global applicability, has been the most broadly international, multilingual, multidisciplinary and participative revision process ever implemented for a classification of mental disorders. Innovations in the ICD‐11 include the provision of consistent and systematically characterized information, the adoption of a lifespan approach, and culture‐related guidance for each disorder. Dimensional approaches have been incorporated into the classification, particularly for personality disorders and primary psychotic disorders, in ways that are consistent with current evidence, are more compatible with recovery‐based approaches, eliminate artificial comorbidity, and more effectively capture changes over time. Here we describe major changes to the structure of the ICD‐11 classification of mental disorders as compared to the ICD‐10, and the development of two new ICD‐11 chapters relevant to mental health practice. We illustrate a set of new categories that have been added to the ICD‐11 and present the rationale for their inclusion. Finally, we provide a description of the important changes that have been made in each ICD‐11 disorder grouping. This information is intended to be useful for both clinicians and researchers in orienting themselves to the ICD‐11 and in preparing for implementation in their own professional contexts.
- Published
- 2019
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.