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The most endemic area for brucellosis in Russia, is North-Caucasus Federal Region, where annual incidence rate is 10 cases per 100,000 population. According to world statistics, neurobrucellosis occurs in less than 5% of cases. Aim. To demonstrate a clinical case of neurobrucellosis associated with difficulties in diagnostics in Rostov-on-Don, where neurobrucellosis was not recorded within 30 years. Case of neurobrucellosis in 30-year-old patient hospitalized in the infectious diseases hospital in.Rostov-on-Don with acute serous meningitis of unspecified etiology. Patient was resident of Dagestan, where he was engaged in sheep breeding. The disease started with fever, headache. Patient was hospitalized in the district hospital in the Rostov region, where negative Wright agglutination test on brucellosis was received. After the course of antibacterial therapy his condition was improved: fever and headache disappeared and patient was discharged. However, after 10 days, the temperature rose again to 39 0C, headache, nausea, vomiting appeared, lethargy, sensory aphasia developed. The patient was hospitalized in the neurological department. After exclusion of acute cerebrovascular accident, he was transferred to an infectious regional hospital in Rostov-on-Don. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: cytosis - 760 cells/mm3 (lymphocytes 98%,), RT- PCR on DNA of Brucella spp. in CSF positive. The patient's condition periodically worsened: disorientation, psychomotor agitation appeared. The patient received dehydration therapy, combined antibacterial therapy (rifampicin + doxycycline + ceftriaxone), during 6 weeks treatment the progression of neurological deficit stopped, clinical improvement occurred. The case demonstrate difficulties in diagnostic of neurobrucellosis, which in 50% of cases begins with diffuse encephalopathy and meningoencephalitis, various degenerative lesions of the nervous system that occur not only in the acute stage of the disease, but also in chronic forms. This case is interesting for clinicians due to rare occurrence of neurobrucellosis in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sporadic cases of anthrax in humans are recorded in Russia every year (2-11 cases per year within 2012-2014 years). Methods & Materials: We provide description of 2 cases with modification of classical clinical picture, which led to difficulties in the diagnosis in the early stages of anthrax. Results: In August 2014, 5-7 days before onset of symptoms 2 shepherds butchered fallencowon a private farm in the Rodionova- Nesvetayevsky district of the Rostov region. In first patient the disease began with the appearance of four ulcers on the both forearms and left shoulder. When the ulcer were covered with a dark brown crust, the patient several days had carried out selftreatment. He tore the crust repeatedly and treated the wound with 1% iodine solution and brilliant green solution. Ulcers were painless. Common condition and temperature were satisfactory and he continued to work. After 1 week the left hand became significantly swollen and patient for the first time sought medical care to the district hospital. The surgeon diagnosed cellulitis and performed an autopsy and drainage of the wound on the left forearm. Anthrax was suspected only on the next day. The patient was transferred to the infectious department of city hospital in Rostov-on-don, where anthrax was confirmed by PCR in samples from ulcers. At the same time the second shepherd sought medical care in the district dermatologic hospital with several ulcers on his hands, subfebrile temperature and mild intoxications and was hospitalized with generalized pyoderma. After confirmation of anthrax in the first patient, the second patient was transferred to the infectious city hospital. It was the 8th day of disease. He had 10 ulcers without edema on his fingers and forearms at the time of admission in the infectious department. They were covered with a black crust and surrounded with erythema and vesicles. Anthrax was also confirmed in the second patient by PCR in samples from ulcers. Conclusion: Self-treatment, the late appearance of edema in the first patient and absent of edema of the extremities in second patient at the time of reference for medical care led to wrong diagnosis in clinical departments of non-communicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the key position in hemostasis belongs to surface platelet receptors (SPR) - glycoproteins (GP) Ia/IIa, Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa. Antibodies to SPR can lead to development of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic HCV-infection. However the role of different types of antibodies in this process is unknown. Aim: to estimate the role of different types of antibodies to surface platelet receptors in HCV-associated thrombocytopenia. Methods & Materials: he detection GP Ia/IIa, Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa was made by the ELISA technique in patients with HCV and thrombocytopenia (group 1, n=29), HCV without thrombocytopenia (group 2, n=28) and healthy people (group 3, n=32). All patients were untreated with interferon and ribavirin. Results: Anti-GP Ia/IIa were detected in 44,8±9,2% in 1th group, 3,6 ± 3,5% in 2th group, 12,5±5,8% in 3th group, p1-2<0,01, p1- 3<0,05. Anti-GP Ib/IX were indicated in 55,2±9,2% in 1th group, 10,7±5,8% in 2th group, and 28,1±7,9% in 3th group, p1-2<0,01, p1-3<0,05. Anti- GP IIb/IIIa were recorded in the same groups in 24,1±8,0%, 17,8±7,3% and 25±7,6% accordingly without any statistical difference (Fig. 1). Mean optical density (MOD) of anti-GPIa/IIa in 1th group also was more significant than in 2th and 3th group (0,331±0,035, 0,208±0,015 and 0,217±0,012 accordingly, p1-2<0,01, p1-3<0,01). More high level of anti- GPIb/IX MOD was also recorded in 1th group than in 2th group (0,280±0,025 and 0,215±0,010 p<0,05), no statistical evidence was found between 3th group and patients in 1th and 2th groups. Investigation of anti-GP IIb/IIIa MOD also did not find any statistical difference between patients with HCVinfected patients (both groups) and healthy people (Fig. 2). Conclusion: High frequency of revealing and significant level of MOD of anti-GP Ia/IIa ? Ib/IX in HCV-infected patients with thrombocytopenia demonstrated the evidence of damage in the first stages of primary hemostasis: adhesion of platelets to collagen with support of GP Ia/IIa and stabilization of this aggregate with support of collagen-binding activity of GP Ib/IX (factor Von Willebrand) as well as more high risk of destruction platelets binding with anti-GP Ia/IIa and anti- GP Ib/IX in spleen. Detection of anti- GP Ia/IIa ? Ib/IX can serve as prognostication criteria for developing thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic HCV-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Purpose: b To evaluate the value of ELISA and immunoblotting for diagnosis of echinococcosis and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determinftion the specific echinococcosis IgG is important in predicting the development of relapses and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. [Extracted from the article]