Search

Résumé L’allergie oculaire comporte plusieurs maladies cliniquement différentes, pouvant être en relation avec des dysfonctionnements de la sensibilité immunologique au niveau de la surface oculaire. La classification de ces pathologies est complexe. Du fait de l’absence d’une terminologie commune, il n’y a pas d’études épidémiologiques valables. Les symptômes d’allergie oculaire sont souvent, mais pas toujours, associés à d’autres manifestations allergiques, surtout à la rhinite. Toutefois, certaines allergies oculaires doivent être diagnostiquées et prises en charge par une équipe incluant un ophtalmologiste et un allergologue. Le diagnostic de l’allergie oculaire est essentiellement basé sur l’anamnèse ainsi que sur la symptomatologie. Des tests in vivo et in vitro sont pratiqués éventuellement lorsque l’identification de/ou des allergènes semble nécessaire pour la prise en charge du patient. Le rapport de ce groupe de travail a pour objectifs : (i) d’homogénéiser la terminologie et la classification des allergies oculaires, en associant des critères ophtalmologiques et allergologiques (voir ARIA. la rhinite allergique et son impact sur l’asthme) ; (ii) de décrire les méthodes de diagnostic courantes et (iii) d’énumérer les principales options thérapeutiques pour la prise en charge de l’allergique oculaire. Ocular allergy includes several clinically different conditions that can be considered as hypersensitivity disorders of the ocular surface. The classification of these conditions is complex, and their epidemiology has not been adequately studied because of the lack of unequivocal nomenclature. Ocular allergy symptoms are often, but not always, associated with other allergic manifestations, mostly rhinitis. However, specific ocular allergic diseases need to be recognized and managed by a team that includes both an ophthalmologist and an allergist. The diagnosis of ocular allergy is usually based on clinical history and signs and symptoms, with the support of in vivo and in vitro tests when the identification of the specific allergic sensitization is required for patient management. The aims of this Task Force Report are (i) to unify the nomenclature and classification of ocular allergy, by combining the ophthalmology and allergy allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma criteria; (ii) to describe current methods of diagnosis; (iii) to summarize the therapeutic options for the management of ocular allergic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology affecting small- and medium-sized arteries of multiple organ systems without involvement of pulmonary arteries. This report describes four cases of PAN in sheep from different flocks. Three of these animals displayed clinical signs of locomotor disturbance. Gross necropsy findings included bilateral nodular thickening of vessels together with thromboses and aneurysms at several locations. Microscopically, small- to medium-sized arteries of the kidneys, ovary, uterus and skin were consistently involved and other locations were affected less frequently. Arteries within the lung were normal in all animals. Vascular lesions were characterized by focal fibrinoid necrosis, rupture of the internal elastic lamina and transmural infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, extending into the perivascular tissue. In the kidney, many arteries showed narrowing or occlusion of the lumen and marked fibrosis. The distribution of arterial lesions was segmental, showing alternation of affected and microscopically normal areas. Immunohistochemical studies did not identify immune complex deposition. The inflammatory infiltrates were composed of T lymphocytes and macrophages, suggesting that a cell-mediated immune response may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) was diagnosed in five newborn Assaf lambs from a flock in which around 1–2% of the lambs were lame. Affected animals had marked erythema of the coronary band and subsequent detachment of the hooves. Blisters were present on the lips and in the oral and oesophageal mucosae. Erosions and crusts were noted in the axillary and inguinal areas. Microscopically, there was detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. The roof of these bullous spaces was formed by the intact epidermis with its basement membrane. The bullae were generally filled with pale eosinophilic proteinaceous fluid and erythrocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed absence of collagen VII in the basement membrane zone. The disease in these lambs appears similar to the severe recessive form of human DEB. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]