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Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Patients with diabetes need to be actively involved in the treatment process, i.e. treatment regimens and regular health check-ups. The aims of the study were to assess the profiles of illness cognitive appraisals in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to recognize the relationships between illness cognitive appraisals and both expectations towards doctors and readiness to health-related behaviours. Materials and methods: A total number of 99 participants with type 2 diabetes were divided into short- and long-standing diagnosis sub-groups. Illness-Related Appraisals Scale, The Patient Requests Form, Health-Related Behavior Inventory were administered. Results: The comparison of most representative profiles showed significant differences between sub-groups in perceiving the illness as threat, benefit, obstacle/loss. In both sub-groups, treating the illness as a benefit determined patient's expectations of emotional support from doctors. In patients with long-standing diagnosis also threat, value, obstacle/loss and harm impact significantly on the patients' expectations towards doctors. Treating the illness as a challenge explained about 24% of variability of eating habits and 29% of preventive behaviours. Conclusions: Participants with long-standing diagnosis treat their illness as threatening and disturbing. In these patients many dimensions of cognitive appraisal are related to seeking information about the illness and to a need of emotional support from doctors. On the contrary, in individuals with short-standing diagnosis, only perceiving their illness as a benefit is associated with the expectation towards their doctors to provide emotional support and explanation of the illness. Our study proved that perceiving the long-lasting illness as a challenge contributes to readiness to follow health-related behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a machine learning model for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes to allow for treatments to be applied in the early stages of the disease. Material and methods. A proposed hybrid machine learning model was developed and applied to the Early-stage diabetes risk prediction dataset from the UCI database. The prediction success of the proposed model was compared with other machine learning models. Pearson's correlation and SelectKBest feature selection methods were employed to examine the relationships between the dataset input parameters and the results. Results. Of the 520 patients included in the dataset, 320 were diagnosed with diabetes and 328 (63.08%) were males. The most commonly observed diabetes diagnosis criterion was obesity (n=482, 83.08%). While the strongest feature detected with Pearson's correlation was polyuria, the strongest feature detected with SelectKBest was polydipsia. With Pearson's feature extraction, the most successful machine learning method was the proposed hybrid method, with an accuracy of 97.28%. Using SelectKBest feature selection, the same model was able to predict type 2 diabetes with accuracy of 95.16%. Conclusions. Early detection of type 2 diabetes will allow for a prompter and more effective treatment of the patient. Thus, use of the proposed model may help to improve the quality of patient care and lower the number of deaths caused by this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Long-Term Care Nursing / Pielegniarstwo w Opiece Dlugoterminowej is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease affecting all areas of life. It requires not only pharmacological treatment, but more importantly lifestyle changes, weight reduction, and dietary modifications. Improperly treated, it causes numerous complications that can lead to disability and even death. Material and methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effect health behaviors have on metabolic compensation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study consisted of 116 patients. The inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetics between the ages of 40 and 65 who were diagnosed by a diabetologist for a minimum of one year. The KomPAN questionnaire, PSS 10 scales, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and analysis of medical records were used to evaluate these effects. Of the 116 patients, 104 (54 women and 50 men) met the inclusion criteria and were used in data analysis. Results. No patient in our study met all the criteria for metabolic compensation of type 2 diabetes. Postprandial glucose concentrations were the best-compensated parameter. Whereas, LDL concentrations were the least compensated parameter. In individuals with fewer unhealthy dietary practices compensated more significantly for their diabetes. Seventy-eight percent of women and 90% of men with BMIs consistent with stages I and II overweight or obesity had abnormal fasting glucose levels. Conclusions. The factors that significantly impact diabetes compensation are diet, stress levels, and physical activity levels. The assessment of a patient's nutritional knowledge correlates with their dietary assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapidly increasing number of people with obesity and type 2 diabetes is one of the most serious problems of the contemporary world. Until recently, it was thought that the main cause of this phenomenon is the change of lifestyle and dietary habits. According to recent reports, the gut microbiota may also play an important role in the "epidemic" of obesity and diabetes. Changes in its composition have been observed in people suffering from these diseases. In addition, the fact that the intestinal microbiota may affect body weight, insulin sensitivity or sugar and lipid metabolism has led to the hypothesis that these changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Scientists, using antibacterial drugs, pro - and prebiotics, are trying to modify the intestinal flora and thus affect its interaction with the host. The results are very promising, lead to further analysis and indicate gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although this biguanide derivative has been used for more than 50 years, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In this article we describe the latest achievements concerning the mechanisms of antihyperglycemic action of metformin. They include: decrease of glucose absorption in the small intestine, increase of glucose transport into cells, decrease in the plasma free fatty acid concentrations and inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in these processes. The latest discoveries have revealed mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic, hypotensive and anticancer action of metformin and its impact on vein endothelial function. The pleiotropic actions of metformin include impact on plasma lipid profile decrease of oxidative stress, and increase in plasma fibrinolytic activity. Although metformin is not metabolized, the latest research has shown that it is actively transported into hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelium, by OCT1 (organic cation transporter 1, encoded by the SLC22A1 gene) and OCT2 (organic cation transporter 2, encoded by the SLC22A2 gene), respectively. However, MATE1 transporter (multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 protein) is encoded by the SLC47A1 gene and facilitates metformin excretion from these cells into bile and urine. Metformin transporter gene polymorphisms may contribute to significant variation in drug response. Further studies of mechanisms of metformin action could contribute to its wider use for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, and for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important problem in type 2 diabetes patients are cardiovascular complications. It influence on quality of life and longevity. Level of metabolic control, especially postprandial glicemia, cholesterol level and blood pressure control have the same role in the process of complications developmet. Frequency of glicemic control and kind of therapy may change the course of disease. Patients need permanent diet and treatment control. Therefore, they must be very motivated and educated. Diabetes care centers are the worst places for it. We must lead to increase of specilistic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]