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The article discusses a study which examined the serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, zinc levels and the relationship between these two parameters in diabetes mellitus. Topics covered include the role of ADA in modulation of insulin action on glucose metabolism, the effects of zinc homeostasis on diabetes, and the advantage of early diagnosis and good glycemic control in reducing the risk of complications of diabetes.

Background: Adipokines are markers of insulin resistance and play a role in the atherosclerotic process. The association of adipokines with the macrovascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) needs to be determined. The aim of this study was to measure serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels in type 1 DM patients and investigate their relationship with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), a clinical marker of atherosclerosis. Methods: Seventy-five type 1 DM patients and 115 sex and age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method). CIMT was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography Results: Adiponectin levels in diabetics were higher (25.8±14.8 μg/mL vs. 5.5±7.3 μg/mL; P<0.0001) and leptin levels were lower than controls (9.4±6.2 ng/mL vs. 12.8±8.6 ng/mL; P=0.01). Resistin levels were also higher in the diabetic group compared to controls (2.1±1.4 ng/mL vs. 1.6±0.8 ng/mL; P=0.04). Adiponectin was correlated negatively with CIMT ( r=−0.24, P=0.03), age ( r=−0.30, P=0.02), BMI (r=−0.33, P=0.02), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ( r=−0.38, P=0.01) and positively with creatinine ( r=0.44, P=0.004). Leptin levels were correlated with total cholesterol ( r=0.53, P=0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ( r=0.67, P=0.001). Resistin was correlated with CIMT ( r=0.24, P=0.03) and systolic blood pressure ( r=0.48, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed resistin and creatinine to be independent predictors of CIMT among adiponectin, leptin, resistin, WHR, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and creatinine. Conclusions: Increased adiponectin correlates negatively and resistin positively with CIMT in type 1 diabetic patients, but adjusting for other known predictors reveals only resistin to be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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