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Copyright of Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire de la Pensée Économique is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Social Security Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Tawasul is the property of Al-Tawasul Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Law & Society/Revue Canadienne Droit et Societe (Cambridge University Press) is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the conditions that gave rise to tourism as a tool of urban economic development. By the 1960s and 1970s, an emerging economy of recreation and tourism was gaining steam as many manufacturing city centers were undergoing significant fiscal stress and social deterioration due to suburbanization and deindustrialization. In an effort to reverse the tide, American cities began to embrace a new strategy, most visible in the last three decades, focusing on urban reimaging through the utilization of cultural strategies to improve urban identity and translate that image into economic development opportunities and growth. Sport, entertainment and tourism proved central to this new, culturally based policy agenda. Museums, festivals, revamped public spaces, tourism hubs, sports stadiums, theatre districts, ethnic precincts, convention centers and even urban beautification programs are some of the infrastructural and related tools utilized to advance this new strategic direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Caribe is the property of Historia Caribe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Turok I. Limits to the mega-city region: conflicting local and regional needs, Regional Studies. There has been a revival of interest in the city region in recent spatial planning and development policy. The economic arguments have been most prominent, while the environmental and social dimensions have been neglected. This paper analyses the tension within large or 'mega'-city regions between local needs and regional interests, using the United Kingdom's Thames Gateway initiative as an example. It has gained support as a plan to concentrate the supply of new housing in an area east of London in response to wider growth pressures and housing constraints. Yet, the priority locally is economic and social development for existing residents rather than more housing for incomers. The paper explores the contrast between the regional housing agenda and the needs of established local communities for jobs, skills, and improved services... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Srinivas S. and Viljamaa K. Emergence of economic institutions: analysing the Third Role of universities in Turku, Finland, Regional Studies. How do universities become economic development institutions? The normative 'Third Role' in Europe refers to universities taking on explicit economic development mandates such as greater technology transfer, and commercial outputs, without providing much of a compass for institutional change. It is argued that universities transform themselves into economic institutions against a changing canvas of national welfare by a process of 'task-oriented institutionalization' which involves both individual action and university strategy. Two universities' interactions with firms in Turku, Finland's biotechnology concentration, are investigated. Using universities as a lens, notable gaps are found in frameworks on how economic institutions emerge, and the paper concludes with five hypotheses for future studies on universities, institutions, and economic development. [image omitted] Srinivas S. et Viljamaa K... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teague P. and Henderson J. (2006) The Belfast Agreement and cross-border economic cooperation in the tourism industry, Regional Studies40, 1–14. This paper examines the impact of the Belfast Agreement on north–south economic cooperation in Ireland, using the tourism industry as a case study. The first part of the paper sets out the suggested benefits that may arise from greater economic and business connections between both parts of the island. It also develops a policy framework that the authors believe is established by the Agreement to achieve these benefits. A number of propositions are developed to assess under what conditions the potential benefits from greater cooperation will actually materialize. The second part explores the case-study evidence. The paper concludes by arguing that although advances have been made towards greater cooperation, these new initiatives, for the most part, have not been of a deep or strategic kind. The ‘minimalist’ character of Strand Two of the Agreement suggests that no big ‘institutional push’ is likely to emerge to change this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PANDIT K. (1991) Changes in the composition of the service sector with economic development and the effect of urban size, Reg. Studies 25, 315–325. Recent years have seen a significant growth in service employment in both more and the less developed countries. However the activities comprising this sector and the urban dynamics underlying their expansion are markedly different in the two contexts. This paper explores the relationship between service sector composition and economic development and the impact of urban population size on this relationship. Service sector data disaggregated by industrial sector and worker status are examined for forty-eight countries in 1980. The results reveal that the general shift from non-wage to wage services is modified by the characteristics of specific service industries. Urban population size is seen to impact service sector composition differently in the two development contexts. PANDIT K. (1991) L'évolution de la structure du secteur tertiaire en fonction du développement économique, et l'effet de la taille de la population urbaine, Reg. Studies 25, 315–325. Au cours des années on a témoigné d'une croissance sensible de l'emploi dans le secteur tertiaire à la fois dans les pays développés et dans ceux en voie de développement. Toujours est-il que les services dont il s'agit et la dynamique urbaine qui soustend leur croissance sont nettement différents suivant le cas. Cet article a pour but d'approfondir le rapport entre la structure du secteur tertiaire et le développement économique, et l'effet de la taille de la population urbaine sur ce rapport-là. On examine des donées relatives au secteur tertiaire, ventilées par secteur industriel et par catégorie socio-professionnelle pour 48 pays en 1980. Les résultats laissent voir qu'un mouvement général des services non-salariaux vers les services salariaux se modifie en fonction des caractéristiques des industries de service individuelles. Il s'avère que la taille de la population urbaine a des effets différents sur la structure du secteur tertiaire dans les deux cas. PANDIT K. (1991) Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung des Dienstleistungssektors bei wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung und der Auswirkung von Stadtgrössen, Reg. Studies 25, 315–325. In den letzten Jahren hat sowohl in den mehr als in den weniger entwickelten Ländern eine bedeutende Zunahme der Erwerbstätigkeit im Dienstleistungssektor stattgefunden. Die Dienstleistungen, die diesen Sektor ausmachen, und die städtischen Wachstumskräfte, die ihrer Ausweitung zugrunde liegen, sind jedoch in zweierlei Zusammenhängen auffallend verschieden. Diese Abhandlung untersucht das Verhältnis zwischen der Zusammensetzung des Dienstleistungssektors und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung einerseits und der Auswirkung des Umfangs der städtischen Bevölkerung andereseits in diesem Verhältnis. Daten des Dienstleistungssektors werden nach Industriesektor und Status der Arbeitnehmer zerlegt, und für 48 Länder im Jahre 1980 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die allgemeine Verschiebung von nicht-entlohnten zu entlohnten Dienstleistungen durch die Merkmale spezifischer Dienstleistungsindustrien eingeschränkt wird. Es erweist sich, dass der Umfang der städtischen Bevölkerung sich auf die Zusammensetzung des Dienstleistungssektors in den zwei Entwicklungszusammenhängen verschiedenartig auswirkt. 1. This paper was presented at the 1989 Regional Science Meetings in Sanra Barbara, California. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of European Review of Service Economics & Management / Revue Européenne d'Economie et Management des Services is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers Agriculture is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensayos de Economia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Tawasul is the property of Al-Tawasul Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper identifies the similarities and differences among Latin American structuralism, dependency theory, and Thorstein Veblen's Imperial Germany (1915), exploring the connection on such as aspects as path dependency, technology, and economic policy. Imperial Germany is similar to many of the principal policy recommendations espoused by the structuralists and dependency theorists. Nevertheless, structuralism is closer to the ideas of the institutionalists and Veblen himself. In conclusions, the structuralists and Veblen's version in Imperial Germany agree that an industrial policy ought to be guided by the government, even though Veblen and the institutionalists clearly see social change through technological improvement, which is missing from structuralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the universe of literature on franchises, several studies have examined the impact of franchising on economic growth, tending to focus on growth rather than development, although the empirical research has already concluded that franchising does have an influence on economic growth. Likewise, some articles have underscored the importance and influence of franchising on development, but have failed to provide empirical proof of its true sway. With that in mind, this paper provides empirical evidence demonstrating the relationship between franchising and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy policy, like any other public policy, requires the powers of the government to devise precise and coordinated provisions to efficiently manage a strategic sector. Every country adopts its own energy policy based on factors like resource endowment, macroeconomic policy, the regulatory framework, and its own vision of the relationship between the state and market in a given field, to name a few factors. This paper analyzes energy policy in twenty-first century Argentina, considering its most notable peculiarities, how it has changed and remained the same, and the principal challenges looming ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revives Fernando Fajnzylber's methodology, used to characterize Latin America's development pattern from the nineteen-sixties to the nineteen-eighties, leading him to describe it as a non-equitable growth pattern, which he termed the empty box. This time around, we analyze the last thirty years, aiming to reveal how the development pattern in the region has fundamentally changed, if it has changed at all, and find evidence as to whether the empty box, pursuant to its original definition, persists or not. Implicitly, the task is to propose a critical analysis of Latin American economic development in line with a classic structuralist work, as Fajnyzylber's research is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mondes en Developpement is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COOKE P. and WELLS P. (1991) Uneasy alliances: the spatial development of computing and communication markets, Reg. Studies 25, 345–354. This paper explores the role of geographical space as a dynamizing element in the economic development process. It builds on the insight that space makes a significant difference to business activity by virtue of the capacity to transform products into commodities through the purchasing power of geographically dispersed commodity consumers. Following a discussion of the implications of the growth of international and global market opportunities in a context of deregulatory lowering of market barriers, the preliminary results of research into the business dispositions of computing and communications (C & C) firms is presented. This shows that, for the most part, the desire to penetrate ever-wider geographical markets is having transformative effects upon the internal and external organizational structures of such firms. COOKE P. et WELLS P. (1991) Des alliances difficiles: le développement géographique des marchés de l'informatique et des communications, Reg. Studies 25, 345–354. Cet article approfondit le rôle de l'espace géographique en tant que dynamique dans le processus de développement économique. Il permet une meilleure compréhension de l'impact non-négligeable de l'espace sur l'activité des entreprises en vertu de sa capacité de transformer des produits en marchandises par le pouvoir d'achat des consommateurs bien répartis sur l'espace. A la suite d'une discussion des retombées de la croissance des créneux commerciaux internationaux et mondiaux dans le cadre du démantèlement des barrières, il se voit présenter les premiers résultats de la recherche sur les dispositions d'entreprises dans le domaine de l'informatique et des communications. Il s'avère que dans l'ensemble le désir de pénétrer des marchés géographiques de plus en plus élargis transforme l'organisation interne et externe de telles entreprises. COOKE P. und WELLS P. (1991) Unbequeme Bündnisse: die räumliche Entwicklung der Computing-und Kommunikationsmärkte, Reg. Studies 25, 345–354. Diese Abhandlung untersucht die Rolle des geographischen Raumes als eines verstärkenden Elements im Prozess wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung. Sie stützt sich auf die Einsicht, dass Raum an sich für Tätigkeit auf kommerziellem Gebiet einen beträchtlichen Unterschied ausmacht auf Grund seiner Eigenschaft, dank der Kaufkraft geographisch verstreut lebender Verbraucher von Waren Produkte in Gebrauchsgüter zu verwandeln. Im Anschluss an eine Diskussion der Implikationen der Zunahme internationaler und globaler Marktaussichten im Zusammenhang mit der Aufhebung von Ausfuhrbestimmungen, die zur Senkung von Handelsschranken führten, werden die vorläufigen Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen des geschäftlichen Einsatzes von Computing-und Kommunkations-firmen (C & C) vorgestellt. Dies zeigt, dass in den meisten Fällen der Wunsch, geographisch immer ausgedehntere Märkte zu erreichen, innere und äussere Organisationsstruktur solcher Firmen ändert. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

FLORIDA R. L. and Kenney M. (1988) Venture capital, high technology and regional development, Reg. Studies 22, 33–48. This paper explores the role of venture capital in technological innovation and regional development. Both aggregate data and a unique firm level data base are employed to determine the location of major centres of venture capital, flows of venture capital investments, and patterns of investment syndication or coinvestment among venture capital firms. Three major centres of venture capital are identified: California (San Francisco–Silicon Valley); New York; and New England (Massachusetts–Connecticut): as well as three minor venture capital centres: Illinois (Chicago); Texas; and Minnesota. Venture capital firms are found to cluster in areas with high concentrations of financial institutions and those with high concentrations of technology-intensive enterprises. Venture capital firms which are based in financial centres are typically export-oriented, while those in technology centres tend to invest in their own region and attract outside venture capital. Venture capital investments flow predominantly toward established high technology areas such as Silicon Valley and Boston–Route 128, and venture investing is also characterized by high degrees of intra-and inter-regional syndication or coinvestment. The venture capital industry displays a high level of agglomeration due to the information intensive nature of the investment process and the importance of venture capital networks in locating investments, mobilizing resources, and establishing business start-ups. The existence of well developed venture capital networks in technology-based regions significantly accelerates the pace of technological innovation and economic development in those regions. FLORIDA R. L. and Kenney M. (1988) Capital risque, haute technologie et développement régional, Reg. Studies 22, 33–48. Ce papier examine le rôle du capital risque dans l'innovation technologique et le développement régional. A partir des données globales et d'une banque de données unique au niveau de l'entreprise on détermine la localisation des pôles clés de capital risque, les flux d'investissements sous forme de capital risque, et la distribution des investissements en syndicats ou en participation par les sociétés de capital risque. On identifie trois pôles importants, à savoir la Californie (San Francisco–Silicon Valley), New York et New England (Massachusetts–Connecticut), aussi bien que trois pôles d'une moindre importance, Illinois (Chicago), Texas et Minnesota. II s'avère que les sociétés de capital risque ont tendance à se greffer autour des zones caractérisées par une concentration non-négligeable soit d'organismes financiers, soit d'entreprises à vocation technologique. Les societés de capital-risque qui se sont installées dans les centres financiers sont vouées à l'exportation tandis que celles qui se sont installées dans les centres technologiques ont tendance à investir dans leur propre région et à attirer du capital en provenance de l'extérieur. Les flux d'investissement sous forme de capital risque sont destinés dans une large mesure aux zones technologiques bien établies telles Silicon Valley et la RN 128 de Boston, ou bien se caracterisent par un niveau élevé d'investissement en syndicats ou en participation à l'interieur d'une région ou inter-régional. La haute concentration de l'industrie du capital risque s'explique par la quantité d'information nécesaire au processus d'investissement et par l'importance des réseaux de capital risque dans la recherche des investissements éventuels, la mobilisation des ressources et la création d'entreprises. Le fait qu'il existe des réseaux développés dans les zones à base technologique accélère la vitesse de l'innovation technologique et du développement économique dans de telles régions. FLORIDA R. L. and Kenney M. (1988) Risikokapital, Hochtechnologie und regionale Entwicklung, Reg Studies 22, 33–48. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Rolle des Risikokapitals in technologischer Innovation und Regionalentwicklung. Es werden sowohl Gesamtdaten als auch Einzelangaben auf Firmenebene benutzt, um festzustellen, wo sich die Hauptzentren des Risikokapitals befinden, und den Zufluss von Risikokapitalsinvestierungen sowie Verhaltensweisen der Investierungssyndikation oder Koinvestierung unter Risikokapitalfirmen zu bestimmen; dabei werden neben drei kleineren Risikokapitalszentren–Illinois (Chikago), Texas und Minnesota–drei Hauptzentren identifiziert: Kalifornien (San Francisco–Silicon Valley), New York und New England (Massachusetts–Connecticut). Es zeigt sich, dass Risikokapitalsfirmen sich in Gebieten ballen, die entweder eine hohe Konzentration finanzieller Institutionen oder hohe Konzentration technologisch intensiver Unternehmen aufweisen. Riskokapitalsfirmen, die in Finanzzentren angesiedelt sind, sind vorwiegend exportorientiert, während solche in Technologiezentren meist in ihrer eigenen Umgebung investieren und Risikokapital von aussen anziehen. Risikokaspitalsinvestierungen fliessen hauptsächlich in Gebiete mit festetablierter Hochtechnologie, wie das Silicon Valley und die Boston-Route 128; Risikoinvestierungen zeichnen sich zudem durch einen hohen Grad intra-und interregionaler Syndikatierung oder Koinvestierung aus. Die Risikokapitalindustrie weist starke Ballungen auf, die der informationsintensiven Natur des Investierungsprozesses und der Bedeutung des verzweigten Risikokapital wesens beim Ausfindigmachen von Investierungen, bei der Mobilisiering von Ressourcen und der Einrichtung von neuen Unternehmen zuzuschreiben sind. Der Bestand eines gutentwickelten Risikokapitalswesens in auf Technologie basierenden Regionen bedeuteteine beträchtliche Beschleunigung des Tempos technologischer Innovation und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung in jenen Regionen. * This is a revised version 1986. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reexamines the prevailing development strategy in Cuba, observing the variables of dependency and structural heterogeneity. It aims to elucidate how, despite a political disconnect on the island, its socialist development strategy is encountering significant challenges driven by the degree of heterogeneity in its economy and the depth of its reliance on the global system of exchange. Some of the most significant challenges facing the prevailing development strategy are as follows: a) how to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of supranational actors into the frameworks of structural heterogeneity, due to the insufficiency of financing and capital; and b) how to achieve endogenous growth beginning with the incorporation of human capital achieved on the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Sociology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of L'Homme: Revue Française d'Anthropologie is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Societes is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper applies the latest methodology from the United Nations Development Programme to approximate Puerto Rico's Human Development Index (HDI) and Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) for 2012. Results show that Puerto Rico's HDI places it in the category of very high human development, while the IHDI places it in the category of medium human development. Thus, there is a substantial gap between potential human development and actual human development due to prevailing levels of income inequality on the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to analyse how Barcelona's economic growth since the 1990s has been based on the production of advanced services, in which image creation and tourism have played a key role. In this context, we emphasise the role played by macro-events, such as the 1992 Olympic Games, which have brought about important changes to Barcelona's economic model, and we highlight the importance of public-private partnerships and strategic planning. Additionally, we analyse the economic impact of tourism upon the city in the period 1990-2010, and we conclude with some reflections on the implications upon public space entailed by this growth strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales is the property of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)