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In the study, it is aimed to determine under the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis whether the newly industrialized countries, which need high output in order to gain competitive advantage, provide their economic development by considering environmental policies. For this purpose, the hypothesis was tested with panel data analysis for the years 1980-2021. In the study, CADF unit root, Westerlund cointegration and Augmented Mean Group Estimator (AMG) tests were used. According to the obtained findings, although it is observed that there is a long-term relationship between the variables, it has been determined that the increase in per capita income in Brazil and Turkey reduces carbon emissions. In Mexico and the Philippines, it has been observed that increases in income and per capita income, respectively, increase carbon dioxide emissions. Although there is no statistical significance in terms of income per capita for the panel in general within the scope of newly industrialized countries that have not yet completed their development, it has been determined that increases in income used as a control variable increase CO2 emissions. The results show that the environmental Kuznets curve, which states that increases in per capita income first increase environmental pollution and then decrease it, is valid only in Brazil and Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The relationship between industrialization and labor may have different characteristics for different countries. For developing countries, the role of women in employment is mostly discussed through its impact on economic growth. Therefore, it is seen that the effects of women's labor on output and industrialization are frequently studied in the literature, but the literature on the effect of industrialization on women's labor is relatively limited. In this study, the effect of industrialization on women's employment in Turkey is examined with the help of cointegration methodology. In this context, the relationship between women's employment and industrialization in Turkey between the years 1988-2018 is discussed with the ARDL Bound test. Limited previous studies in this area have concluded that there is a negative relationship between women's employment and industrialization in Turkey. In our study, it has been observed that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between industrialization, export volume, economic growth and women's employment in Turkey. On the other hand, it is seen that industrialization and export volume have a positive effect on women's employment in the long run. On the other hand, it has been determined that there is a negative effect of economic growth on women's employment in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout the 20th century, the development levels of countries were generally associated with industrialization levels. While the share of industrial productions in developed economies decreased relatively in the 21st century, development processes of developing countries are again measured by their level of industrialization. The industry sector continues to be the most important sector of the economy with its employment creation power, added value, technological development and many positive externality. The shift of industrial production from developed countries to relatively less developed countries has accelerated with the liberalization of foreign trade and the increasing level of globalization. While globalization speeds up the industrialization process of some countries, it causes de-industrialization in some others. There is no theoretical consensus on this subject. Empirical studies on this subject, which are in the field of study of Modern Economic Growth and Economic Geography theories, are very limited. In this study, empirical investigation was conducted by using econometric methods on the relations between industrialization and international trade in the context of relevant theory with the data between the years 2004-2018 and NUTS 2 level regions of Turkey. Such a study has not been demonstrated at the regional level for Turkey. According to the results obtained from the study, Turkey's NUTS 2 level regions continues to industrialization by maintaining substantially the ratio between its own. It was determined that the variables we added to represent international trade and the variables we added based on the relevant literature had statistically significant effects between the years covered by the study. It is thought that the results obtained may help in the development of foreign trade policies and area selection policies, especially for the regional industrial development of our country. It is thought that the study can be an idea for the research of close subjects that are not included in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Turkey, as a rapidly developing and industrializing country, is in need of reliable, inexpensive, and high quality energy. The main energy sources of Turkey are coal, natural gas and hydropower. However, almost all the natural gas and high quality coal is imported. Thus, hydropower is the main domestic energy source. According to the State Hydraulic Works (SHW), the primary executive state agency responsible for the planning, operation, and management of water resources, Turkey has an economically viable hydroelectric potential of 140,000GWh/year. Currently, around 35% of this potential is utilized. Increasing the share of hydropower in the energy budget of Turkey will reduce dependency on foreign energy sources. However, development of the unused hydropower potential, especially through run-of-river plants, has caused many problems in the country. Run-of-river plants are small hydropower plants (SHPPs) usually with no storage. Electricity Market Law No. 4628 which came into effect in February 2001 was a major step towards the privatization of the electricity sector. The law enabled planning and construction of SHPPs by the private sector. This created a big market for consulting firms which prepare feasibility reports, construction companies, and companies that own and operate these SHPPs. However, due to inadequate water resources management strategies, rivers are impaired; their natural flows are disturbed to generate electricity without paying necessary attention to components of the ecosystem and the needs and concerns of local residents. Thus, Turkey faces a challenging problem: Maximizing the utilization of hydropower which is the main domestic energy source while maintaining environmentally conscious and sustainable development. This study aims to explain the change in the contribution of hydropower in the energy budget of Turkey with time and current social and environmental problems associated particularly with SHPPs. Issues requiring immediate attention to facilitate sustainable development of hydropower potential are identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Following a switch to export-oriented industrialization, reorganization of production in the automobile industry demanded a new worker profile in developing economies like Turkey and Argentina. Yet, the process of transforming worker skills unfolded differently across industrial clusters. The paper explains this variation by highlighting formal political dynamics at the sub-national level. It finds that when local politicians have limited fiscal capacities, they are compelled to build partisan coalitions to advance industrial reform policies. Evidence from Bursa (Turkey), Istanbul (Turkey), and Córdoba (Argentina) shows that under these circumstances, governors who mobilize partisan loyalties can resolve disputes between business and labor, while others who are unable to do so cannot implement the proposed changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine factors called "development dynamics" and "break-points" affecting the developing of the city of Denizli in detailed that they include development plans and studies which direct spatial- functional development process and also effect on urban planning past and present experiences in Denizli city. As a result of this examination, it was stated that Development Plan dated 1960 was the first development dynamic, afterwards, the second factor as a break-point directly effecting on planning experiences was 1976 earthquake. The third factor was industrialization parallel to rapid migration and urbanization with debates on adjacent area of Denizli city after 1980's. In this period extending from 1976 to 1990's, it is determined that the spatial-functional development and planning process of Denizli city were directed by piecemeal plans. In 2006, it was issued a new legal arrangement named Municipality Law of 2006 numbered 5393. Within this context of arrangement, Local Municipalities in adjacent of Denizli Municipalities were connected under the authority and responsibility of Denizli Municipality. It is considered that it will have been an important planning tool for integrated urban development and planning practices by the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence in developing countries, especially in the Mediterranean basin, shows that the tourism sector has an important role in regional industrialization and economic growth [Tosun, C., Timothy, D. & Ozturk, Y. (2003) Tourism growth, national development, regional inequality in Turkey, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(2-3), pp. 133-161]. Turkey has been successful in developing resort areas and attracting large number of tourists. The tourism sector is a highpoint industry and a crucial public policy area for the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions. The article has two aims: (1) to determine the significance of the tourism industry in the Aegean Region in Turkey by looking at specialization patterns in economic activities across the country and to identify the provinces of the region within which tourism is a highpoint industry and (2) to explore whether public investment in tourism in the Aegean Region has an impact on the value added created by the tourism industry. A comparison of regional structures of the regions reveals that 30% of tourism licensed accommodation establishments are located in the Aegean Region. The results from the location quotient estimates for 1995 and 2001 reveal that the Aegean Region is highly specialized in the tourism industry, particularly when the spatial distribution of the hotels is observed. Value added created by hotels of the Aegean Region is higher than the country average as well. In addition, the econometric model shows that the regional value added created by the tourism sector between 1995 and 2001 is significantly enhanced by public policies that focus on the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization has been one of the major factors in the development of the countries, and has caused a population increase in cities, resulting in urban sprawl. Because industrialization and urbanization often advance in an uncontrolled or unorganized way in developing countries, they can have destructive effects on the environment, particularly on basic ecosystems, wildlife habitat, and global biodiversity. One of the places that has been subject to intense industrialization and resulting urbanization is the Gebze district of Kocaeli in Turkey. Land use and land cover changes that occurred in the region were investigated using satellite images acquired in 1987, 1997, and 2002. In the detection of changes postclassification comparison approach is employed using an artificial neural network classifier, specifically a multilayer perceptron with backpropagation learning algorithm. Results show some important findings regarding the size and nature of the change that occurred in the study area. In the despoiled areas, a large number of pixels of pasture and forest lands have been replaced by urban pixels; as a result, the total area of urban pixels doubled in the 15-year period with a higher urbanization rate between 1997 and 2002. A significant amount of forest land, about 38% for deciduous and 22% for coniferous forest, has been destroyed. In addition to the statistical estimates of the change, its spatial distribution was also investigated through a map of change that helps to determine the areas where considerable degradation and deforestation have taken place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on corporate governance in Turkey. For a period of time, concern has been attributed to differences in the institutional structures of countries and their effects on corporate performance. This paper studies some issues that result from different corporate governance systems, with particular attention on their importance to developing countries.

Conventional analyses of the economic policies of Third World states ignore the U.S. role in sponsoring import substitution industrialization (ISI) in these countries after World War Two. This protectionist development policy usually is considered as a project only of Third World nationalists. Ironically, the independent U.S. initiative to promote IS! came from those generally most associated with liberal trade policy: the executive branch of government and internationalist business. Big business benefitted as long as they could invest behind the ISI tariff barriers. They hoped that IS! would be only a temporary program until global economic equilibrium and growth could be restored in the aftermath of the war. However, the U.S. continued to support ISI throughout the 1950s because until recently the resistance of protectionists in the U.S. made it difficult to reduce U.S. tariffs sufficiently to induce developing countries to rely on externally driven growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]