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Enzymatic treatments in textile are remarkable because of their environmentally friendly properties, such as less energy, water and chemical need, low waste water pollution. In this paper combined use of amylase, pectinase and cellulase in the same bath was studied in different parts. In the first part of the experiment, raw cotton woven fabrics were treated with amylase, pectinase and cellulase enzymes in the same bath at different process conditions to desize, scour and polish. Results showed that one-bath triple enzymatic mixture process could be done successfully. Therefore, it could be used instead of conventional processes. Moreover, the enzymatic process was completed almost in half of the conventional treatments’ durations and temperatures. In the second part, effects of enzymes’ dosages were analyzed by using enzymes in pairwise combinations. By this way, not only the effects of the amount of enzymes but also the effects of each enzyme on each fabric property were seen more distinctly. The increases of enzymes’ concentrations led to an increase in every tested value except tear strength. Pectinase ? cellulase combination resulted in minimum tear strength and whiteness, but maximum absorbency. Usage of enzymes one-by-one constituted the final part of the study. It had been found that amylase affected whiteness and absorbency, cellulase affected tear strength particularly. Although combined enzymatic treatments were conducted at more moderate conditions than conventional processes, comparable results were observed. Yürek Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. (Türkiye), Nuy Tekstil Sanayi ve Dış Ticaret Ltd. Şti. (Türkiye), Pentakim Kimya Sanayi

The objective of this study was to utilise desizing liquors of starch-sized fabrics using glucoseoxidase enzymes for bleach to produce hydrogen peroxide front glucose units of the starch removed; glucoseoxidase enzymes are efficient only at high glucose doses. In the first part of this paper, glucose generation in a desizing bath was discussed and an optimum recipe was obtained with an amyloglucodidase/pullanase mixture enzyme. In this study, process optimisation for the glucose oxidase enzyme was undertaken in order to generate hydrogen peroxide in the desizing liquor and then bleaching with the peroxide generated. Results indicated that sufficient hydrogen peroxide, about 800 mg l(-1), could be generated to perform successful enzymatic bleaching; however, the bleaching was compatible with the conventional peroxide type only in the alkali pH range. The maximum whiteness obtained by enzymatic treatment was 73.8 Stensby degree, whereas the whiteness of the conventionally treated fabric was 79.4 Stensby degree.

Tekstil ön terbiye işlemlerinde enzim kullanımının konvansiyonel hasıl sökme, hidrofilleştirme, ağartma ve boyama proseslerine göre avantajları; daha az kimyasal kullanımı, daha çevreci olması, su ve enerji tasarrufu sağlamasıdır. Bu çalışmada; nişasta haşıllı pamuklu kumaşların hasıl sökme, hidrofilleştirme, ağarma ve boyama işlemlerinin enzim kullanımı ile tek banyoda yapılmıştır. Bu yönteme “tek banyo yöntemi” denilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, konvansiyonel hasıl sökme proseslerinde kullanılan amilaz esaslı enzimler yerine amiloglikozidaz/pullulenaz karısımı enzim (Dextrozyme DX, Novozymes) ile nişastanın tamamen glikoza parçalanması için çalışma şartlarının optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamada, hasıl sökme banyosundaki glikozdan glikoz oksidaz enzimi ile hidrojen peroksit eldesi ve bu hidrojen peroksit ile maksimum beyazlık derecesinin elde edildiği ağartma işlem koşulları saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü aşamasında ise, ağartma işlemi sonunda katalaz enzimi ile hidrojen peroksitin giderimi ve aynı banyoda reaktif boyalarla boyama işlemi yapılmıştır. Bu işlemin ardından tek banyo yönteminin konvansiyonel yönteme göre avantajları ve dezavantajları tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca farklı metotlarla immobilize edilen glikoamilaz ve Glkoz oksidaz enzimlerinin etkinliği de araştırılmıştır. The advantages of biotechnology are: less auxiliary demand; lower environmental impact; and energy and water savings compared to the conventional desizing, scouring, bleaching and dyeing sequence. The objective of this study was to develop a new process for desizing, scouring, bleaching and dyeing starch-sized cotton fabrics in one bath with enzymatic processes. This process is called “one bath method.” In the first step of this study, process optimization was done for desizing which was performed with an amyloglucosidase/pullanase enzyme (Dextrozyme DX, manufactured by Novozymes) instead of a conventional amylase enzyme in order to hydrolyze starch into single glucose units. In the second step of this study, glucose oxidase enzyme was used to yield hydrogen peroxide from the glucose generated during desizing and bleaching was performed by this enzymatically-generated hydrogen peroxide to ensure maximum whiteness. In the third step of this study, decomposition of hydrogen peroxide after bleaching was done with catalase enzyme and fabric was dyed in the same bath with reactive dyes. The advantages and disadvantages of one bath method compared with conventional process was discussed. And also, amyloglicosidase and glucose oxidase enzymes immobilizations were done by different methods and its effect on effectiveness were examined. Novozymes Genencor Cargil A.Ş.

The objective of this study was to substitute cotton pretreatment chemicals with enzymes to create an environmentally friendly process for water and energy savings. In this study, enzyme selection and process optimisation was made in order to increase the glucose content of the desizing liquor of a starch-sized cotton fabric. Results indicated that commercial desizing enzyme formulations of a-amylase enzymes were not appropriate to produce a large quantity of glucose in the desizing bath; the glucose amounts obtained were about 200 mg/l. However the food market enzyme used, an amyloglucodidase/pullanase mixture (amyloglucosidase 186 Units/g, pullanase 395 Units/g), produced approximately 4000 mg/l glucose in the desizing bath after process optimisation. The desizing effect of the amyloglucodidase/pullanase enzyme mixture was compatible with those of commercial desizing enzymes. The results of peroxide generation from glucose and bleaching trials are reported in the second part of the study.

(1996). Microwave Processes for the Combined Desizing, Scouring, and Bleaching of Grey Cotton Fabrics. The Journal of The Textile Institute: Vol. 87, Issue 3, Parts 1 and 3, pp. 602-608.