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Drawing upon construal level theory and regulatory fit literature, this research examined the effect of fit between humor and regulatory focus on audience engagement with health information on social media. The results of two studies showed that incongruity humor (vs. aggressive humor) induced greater social proximity between the source and the viewer, and humor type interacted with regulatory focus of a message to impact audience engagement. Specifically, incongruity humor paired with a prevention-focused message (vs. a promotion-focused message) resulted in greater content endorsement and health information engagement, whereas aggressive humor combined with a promotion-focused message (vs. a prevention-focused message) led to greater content endorsement. Results further identified processing fluency as a mediator of the fit effect on audience engagement. This research offers important theoretical and practical implications for public health interventions on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Accumulating evidence from microbial studies have highlighted the modulatory roles of intestinal microbes in numerous human diseases, however, the shared microbial signatures across different diseases remain relatively unclear. Methods To consolidate existing knowledge across multiple studies, we performed meta-analyses of 17 disease types, covering 34 case–control datasets of 16S rRNA sequencing data, to identify shared alterations among different diseases. Furthermore, the impact of a microbial species, Lactobacillus salivarius , was established in a dextran sodium sulphate–induced colitis model and a collagen type II–induced arthritis mouse model. Results Microbial alterations among autoimmune diseases were substantially more consistent compared with that of other diseases (cancer, metabolic disease and nervous system disease), with microbial signatures exhibiting notable discriminative power for disease prediction. Autoimmune diseases were characterized by the enrichment of Enterococcus , Veillonella , Streptococcus and Lactobacillus and the depletion of Ruminococcus , Gemmiger , Oscillibacter , Faecalibacterium , Lachnospiracea incertae sedis , Anaerostipes , Coprococcus , Alistipes , Roseburia , Bilophila , Barnesiella , Dorea , Ruminococcus2 , Butyricicoccus , Phascolarctobacterium , Parabacteroides and Odoribacter , among others. Functional investigation of L. salivarius , whose genus was commonly enriched in numerous autoimmune diseases, demonstrated protective roles in two separate inflammatory mouse models. Conclusion Our study highlights a strong link between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiota, with notably consistent microbial alterations compared with that of other diseases, indicating that therapeutic strategies that target the gut microbiome may be transferable across different autoimmune diseases. Functional validation of L. salivarius highlighted that bacterial genera associated with disease may not always be antagonistic, but may represent protective or adaptive responses to disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how humor (incongruity humor vs. no humor) interacts with individual differences in perceived efficacy to influence health attitudes and behavioral intentions. Results of a controlled experiment (N = 294) revealed that among individuals with lower levels of perceived efficacy, incongruity humor, relative to no humor condition, resulted in greater source liking, which in turn, enhanced their attitudes and intentions to perform preventive health behaviors. However, for individuals higher in perceived efficacy, incongruity humor (vs. no humor) had an indirect negative effect on intentions via decreased attitudes. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined individuals' physiological and cognitive responses to different types of emotionally experienced content located in obesity prevention fear appeals. Results suggested that experienced valence impacted individuals' attention and memory as a function of experienced arousal level. Local content that created coactive highly arousing experiences received the most attention, though visual recognition suggested these messages were more difficult to encode. Local content that created negative moderately arousing experiences was best encoded. Global message evaluation data suggest that moderately arousing messages with a change in experienced valence may prove to be most effective, as they ensure attention and good memory while keeping high self-reported interest, and a high level of perceived severity of obesity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), adenocarcinoma (AC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two major histology subtypes, accounting for roughly 40% and 30% of all lung cancer cases, respectively. Since AC and SCC differ in their cell of origin, location within the lung, and growth pattern, they are considered as distinct diseases. Gene expression signatures have been demonstrated to be an effective tool for distinguishing AC and SCC. Gene set analysis is regarded as irrelevant to the identification of gene expression signatures. Nevertheless, we found that one specific gene set analysis method, significance analysis of microarray-gene set reduction (SAMGSR), can be adopted directly to select relevant features and to construct gene expression signatures. In this study, we applied SAMGSR to a NSCLC gene expression dataset. When compared with several novel feature selection algorithms, for example, LASSO, SAMGSR has equivalent or better performance in terms of predictive ability and model parsimony. Therefore, SAMGSR is a feature selection algorithm, indeed. Additionally, we applied SAMGSR to AC and SCC subtypes separately to discriminate their respective stages, that is, stage II versus stage I. Few overlaps between these two resulting gene signatures illustrate that AC and SCC are technically distinct diseases. Therefore, stratified analyses on subtypes are recommended when diagnostic or prognostic signatures of these two NSCLC subtypes are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]