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Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS-34) scores were studied for longitudinal bias-free construct evidence. A sample of 4,696 university students referred to a university counseling center were assessed twice for evidence of longitudinal measurement invariance. Adequate or marginal longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) of all subscales except for Eating Concerns was confirmed. Coefficients alpha and omega suggested that the internal consistencies for both initial and subsequent administrations were largely adequate for screening level test scores (≥.80), except for the Hostility and Alcohol Use subscales (≥.73). Second session effect sizes (Cohen's d) were small but detectable and statistically significant for most subscales (-0.02–.17). Counselors can use most CCAPS-34 subscale scores for tracking psychological symptoms and constructs over time with confidence. The Generalized Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Academic Concerns, and Alcohol Use subscales can be used with great confidence. Some confidence is warranted from the LMI evidence when using the Depression and Hostility subscales, but caution in warranted when using the Eating Concerns subscale. Longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) helps test users understand whether different groups view the construct being measured as equivalent over time. Counselors can use most CCAPS-34 subscale scores for tracking psychological symptoms and constructs over time with confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of usual care plus a fundamental nursing care guideline compared to usual care only for patients in hospital with COVID‐19 on patient experience, care quality, functional ability, treatment outcomes, nurses' moral distress, patient health‐related quality of life and cost‐effectiveness. Design: Parallel two‐arm, cluster‐level randomized controlled trial. Methods: Between 18th January and 20th December 2021, we recruited (i) adults aged 18 years and over with COVID‐19, excluding those invasively ventilated, admitted for at least three days or nights in UK Hospital Trusts; (ii) nurses caring for them. We randomly assigned hospitals to use a fundamental nursing care guideline and usual care or usual care only. Our patient‐reported co‐primary outcomes were the Relational Aspects of Care Questionnaire and four scales from the Quality from the Patient Perspective Questionnaire. We undertook intention‐to‐treat analyses. Results: We randomized 15 clusters and recruited 581 patient and 418 nurse participants. Primary outcome data were available for 570–572 (98.1%–98.5%) patient participants in 14 clusters. We found no evidence of between‐group differences on any patient, nurse or economic outcomes. We found between‐group differences over time, in favour of the intervention, for three of our five co‐primary outcomes, and a significant interaction on one primary patient outcome for ethnicity (white British vs. other) and allocated group in favour of the intervention for the 'other' ethnicity subgroup. Conclusion: We did not detect an overall difference in patient experience for a fundamental nursing care guideline compared to usual care. We have indications the guideline may have aided sustaining good practice over time and had a more positive impact on non‐white British patients' experience of care. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: We cannot recommend the wholescale implementation of our guideline into routine nursing practice. Further intervention development, feasibility, pilot and evaluation studies are required. Impact: Fundamental nursing care drives patient experience but is severely impacted in pandemics. Our guideline was not superior to usual care, albeit it may sustain good practice and have a positive impact on non‐white British patients' experience of care. Reporting Method: CONSORT and CONSERVE. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients with experience of hospitalization with COVID‐19 were involved in guideline development and writing, trial management and interpretation of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychometric characteristics of CESD-R scores were explored on a sample of 966 undergraduate students. Internal consistency (α =.92), external convergent and discriminant validity, and response bias were adequate to excellent. Strong measurement invariance was evident for gender and race comparisons, and the unidimensional model fit the data best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Up to 40% of older women living in the community experience urinary incontinence. In community settings, urinary incontinence impacts the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality rates. However, little is known about urinary incontinence and its impact on older women admitted to hospitals. Objectives: This scoping review aims to establish the current knowledge of urinary incontinence during hospital admission for women (⩾ 55 years of age) with three key objectives: (a) What is the prevalence/incidence of urinary incontinence? (b) What health conditions are associated with urinary incontinence? (c) Is there an association between urinary incontinence and mortality? Eligibility criteria: Empirical studies were included in assessing the incidence/prevalence of urinary incontinence during hospital admissions and its related morbidities and mortality rates. Studies which only included men or younger women (< 55 years of age) were excluded. Only articles written in English and conducted between 2015 and 2021 were included. Sources of evidence: A search strategy was developed, and CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Charting methods: Data from each article meeting the criteria were pulled into a table, including study design, study population, and setting, aims, methods, outcome measures, and significant findings. A second researcher then reviewed the populated data extraction table. Results: Overall, 383 papers were found: 7 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Prevalence rates ranged from 22% to 80% depending on the study cohort. Several conditions were associated with urinary incontinence, including frailty, orthopaedics, stroke, palliative care, neurology, and cardiology. There was a potential positive association between mortality and urinary incontinence, although only two papers reviewed reported mortality. Conclusion: A dearth of literature determined the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates for older women admitted to hospitals. Limited consensus on associated conditions was found. Further research is needed to fully explore urinary incontinence in older women during hospital admissions, particularly concerning prevalence/incidence and its association with mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify strategies used by registered nurses and non‐registered nursing care staff in overcoming barriers when providing fundamental nursing care for non‐invasively ventilated inpatients with COVID‐19. Design: Online survey with open‐ended questions to collect qualitative data. Methods: In August 2020, we asked UK‐based nursing staff to describe any strategies they employed to overcome barriers to delivering care in 15 fundamental nursing care categories when providing care to non‐invasively ventilated patients with COVID‐19. We analysed data using Framework Analysis. Results: A total of 1062 nurses consented to participate in our survey. We derived four themes. 1) Communication behaviours included adapting verbal and non‐verbal communication with patients, using information technology to enable patients' significant others to communicate with staff and patients, and establishing clear information‐sharing methods with other staff. 2) Organizing care required clustering interventions, carefully managing supplies, encouraging patient self‐care and using 'runners' and interdisciplinary input. 3) Addressing patients' well‐being and values required spending time with patients, acting in loco familiae, providing access to psychological and spiritual support, obtaining information about patients' wishes early on and providing privacy and comforting/meaningful items. 4) Management and leadership behaviours included training, timely provision of pandemic information, psychological support, team huddles and facilitating regular breaks. Conclusions: Our respondents identified multiple strategies in four main areas of clinical practice. Management and leadership are crucial to both fundamental care delivery and the well‐being of nurses during pandemics. Grouping strategies into these areas of action may assist nurses and leaders to prepare for pandemic nursing. Impact As these strategies are unlikely to be exclusive to the COVID‐19 pandemic, their global dissemination may improve patient experience and help nurses deliver fundamental care when planning pandemic nursing. However, their effectiveness is unknown. Therefore, we are currently evaluating these strategies in a cluster randomized controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Rates of stroke in people of working age are increasing. Returning to work (RTW) after stroke is a key rehabilitation aspiration for younger stroke survivors. A pilot community-based Stay at Work Initiative (SAWI) was developed and delivered from March 2017 to December 2019. SAWI used a co-ordination based approach, covering rehabilitation and vocational recovery to support RTW in younger stroke survivors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to conduct a feasibility evaluation of SAWI. METHODS: A mixed methods approach was taken considering quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data included employment, mood, anxiety and fatigue outcomes at time of engagement with the service and at 6-months post-stroke. Qualitative data was collected on a sub-sample of SAWI clients who volunteered to participate in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: Overall, there were 93 referrals to SAWI, with 42 clients completing an initial service meeting. Average working hours pre-stroke were high (mean 46.9, SD 22.0, range 5–100 hours/week). By 6 months post stroke, 71% (n = 29 of 41) of SAWI clients were working. For those with 6-month questionnaire information (n = 19), there was a significant reduction in cognitive fatigue, overall fatigue levels, and perceived impact of stroke on employment (medium effect sizes of r = 0.36, 0.34 and 0.40 respectively). No significant difference was seen on measures of mood or anxiety from pre- to post-intervention. Qualitative interviews with six SAWI participants highlighted the importance of personalised support that addresses individual needs during the RTW journey. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of eligible participants referred to SAWI can engage with the service. RTW is able to be assessed as are potential predictor variables. Seventy one percent of participants had RTW at 6 months post-stroke. Mood, self-efficacy, adjustment, and fatigue likely impact RTW. Qualitative interviews identified that SAWI's personalised support, tailored to individual need, was valued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have demonstrated the risk of contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) is low post‐multimodal computed tomography (MMCT) in the evaluation of acute stroke. We provide a complementary study with long‐term renal follow up. A retrospective analysis was performed on all suspected strokes from January 2019 to June 2020 for those who had undergone computed tomography angiography, computed tomography perfusion or both. We identified 776 cases, of which 538 were excluded. The incidence of CA‐AKI was 7.6% (n/N = 18/238; 95% confidence interval = 4.2–11.0). All CA‐AKI cases had renal confounders. No AKI at >30 days was found in 60.5% (n = 144) of all cases studied. The long‐term renal outcome post‐MMCT in stroke evaluation is favourable at >30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responses to the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale displayed high score reliability (α =.91) and adequate convergent and divergent validity for college undergraduates. The data provided an adequate to excellent fit to the unidimensional model. Measurement invariance was demonstrated for gender and race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient experience of nursing care is associated with safety, care quality, treatment outcomes, costs and service use. Effective nursing care includes meeting patients' fundamental physical, relational and psychosocial needs, which may be compromised by the challenges of SARS-CoV-2. No evidence-based nursing guidelines exist for patients with SARS-CoV-2. We report work to develop such a guideline. Our aim was to identify views and experiences of nursing staff on necessary nursing care for inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 (not invasively ventilated) that is omitted or delayed (missed care) and any barriers to this care. Methods: We conducted an online mixed methods survey structured according to the Fundamentals of Care Framework. We recruited a convenience sample of UK-based nursing staff who had nursed inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 not invasively ventilated. We asked respondents to rate how well they were able to meet the needs of SARS-CoV-2 patients, compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 patients, in 15 care categories; select from a list of barriers to care; and describe examples of missed care and barriers to care. We analysed quantitative data descriptively and qualitative data using Framework Analysis, integrating data in side-by-side comparison tables. Results: Of 1062 respondents, the majority rated mobility, talking and listening, non-verbal communication, communicating with significant others, and emotional wellbeing as worse for patients with SARS-CoV-2. Eight barriers were ranked within the top five in at least one of the three care areas. These were (in rank order): wearing Personal Protective Equipment, the severity of patients' conditions, inability to take items in and out of isolation rooms without donning and doffing Personal Protective Equipment, lack of time to spend with patients, lack of presence from specialised services e.g. physiotherapists, lack of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, insufficient stock, and reluctance to spend time with patients for fear of catching SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Our respondents identified nursing care areas likely to be missed for patients with SARS-CoV-2, and barriers to delivering care. We are currently evaluating a guideline of nursing strategies to address these barriers, which are unlikely to be exclusive to this pandemic or the environments represented by our respondents. Our results should, therefore, be incorporated into global pandemic planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colonoscopy is a critical diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that is challenging to access in northern Canada. In part, this is due to frequent cancellations. We sought to understand the trends and reasons for colonoscopy cancellations in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Methods: A retrospective review of colonoscopy cancellations January, 2018 to May, 2019 was conducted at Stanton Territorial Hospital, NWT. Cancellation details and rationale were captured from the endoscopy cancellation logs. Thematic analysis was used to group cancellation reasons. Descriptive statistics were generated, and trends were analysed using run chart. Results: Of the scheduled colonoscopies, 368(28%) were cancelled during the 16 month period, and cancellations occurred, on average, 27 days after booking. Cancellation reasons were grouped into 15 themes, encompassing personal, social, geographic and health system factors. The most frequently cited theme was work/other commitments (69 respondents; 24%). Cancellations due to travel and accommodation issues occurred more frequently in the winter. Conclusion: Over one in four booked colonoscopies were cancelled and the reasons for cancellations were complex. Initiatives focusing on communication and support for patients with personal or occupational obligations could dramatically reduce cancellations. Ongoing collaborative efforts are needed to inform and optimise access to colonoscopy in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple changes are made to older patients' medicines during hospital admission, which can sometimes cause confusion and anxiety. This results in problems with post‐discharge medicines management, for example medicines taken incorrectly, which can lead to harm, hospital readmission and reduced quality of life. Aim: To explore the experiences of older patients and their family carers as they enacted post‐discharge medicines management. Design: Semi‐structured interviews took place in participants' homes, approximately two weeks after hospital discharge. Data analysis used the Framework method. Setting and participants: Recruitment took place during admission to one of two large teaching hospitals in North England. Twenty‐seven participants aged 75 plus who lived with long‐term conditions and polypharmacy, and nine family carers, were interviewed. Findings: Three core themes emerged: impact of the transition, safety strategies and medicines management role. Conversations between participants and health‐care professionals about medicines changes often lacked detail, which disrupted some participants' knowledge and medicines management capabilities. Participants used multiple strategies to support post‐discharge medicines management, such as creating administration checklists, seeking advice or supporting primary care through prompts to ensure medicines were supplied on time. The level to which they engaged with these activities varied. Discussion and conclusion: Participants experienced gaps in their post‐discharge medicines management, which they had to bridge through implementing their own strategies or by enlisting support from others. Areas for improvement were identified, mainly through better communication about medicines changes and wider involvement of patients and family carers in their medicines‐related care during the hospital‐to‐home transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To identify risk factors associated with urban postpartum emergency department utilization. Methods This case–control study included 100 matched pairs of postpartum women who had delivered at a large, integrated urban medical system in Bronx, New York, in 2012–2013, with the cases having had an emergency department visit within 42 days of delivery. The cases, identified utilizing administrative and billing data, were matched 1:1 with controls by labor unit, delivery mode and date, excluding nonviable pregnancies. The controls did not have a known postpartum emergency department visit. Variables were abstracted from administrative data and chart review, and included demographics, antenatal/intrapartum/postpartum complications and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Factors associated with puerperal emergency department use were identified via univariate and multivariable analyses. Results Following conditional logistic regression, primiparity [54% vs. 32%, aOR 5.91, 95% CI 2.34–14.91], public insurance [70% vs. 56%, aOR 4.22, 95% CI 1.60–11.12], weekend delivery [30% vs. 26%, aOR 7.61, 95% CI 1.15–52.43] and delivery-related complications [47% vs. 28%, aOR 2.95, 95% CI 1.16–7.51] were associated with an increased risk of postpartum emergency department use, while women of younger ages (17–24 years old) were less likely to have postpartum emergency department use [aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.74]. Univariate analysis of individual events within the composite variables showed an association between gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia and postpartum emergency department use [28% vs. 13% OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.26–5.39]. Psychiatric history, social instability, preterm delivery/neonatal intensive care unit admission, pre-existing medical/antepartum conditions and prolonged postpartum stay were not associated. Conclusions for Practice Delivery-related complications, delivery timing, and certain sociodemographic factors are identifiable risk factors for increased postpartum emergency department utilization. These may be targeted for development of interventions improving puerperal care and potentially preventing emergency department visits, which are costly to the health system and disruptive to the lives of women and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced functional limitation reporting (FLR) to capture patient progress in functional status in outpatient rehabilitation settings. FLR along with the severity modifier (SM) measure the effectiveness of the rehabilitation services at the physical therapist evaluation (initial examination [IE]) after 10 days of therapy and at discharge. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the completeness of FLR codes and describe changes in SMs at scheduled checkpoints for patients receiving outpatient physical therapy. Design The design was a retrospective cohort descriptive study. Methods A 5% random sample of 2014 Part B fee-for-service Medicare claims for outpatient physical therapy was used. FLR codes with SMs were analyzed at required periods. The number of claims with FLR codes and SMs was calculated to describe the completeness for each period. Planned changes in SMs at the physical therapist IE (current status and projected goal status) and differences in SMs from the physical therapist IE (current status) to discharge (discharge status) were calculated. Results For 114,588 beneficiaries, 166,572 physical therapist IE and 130,117 discharge claims were analyzed. Completion was greater than 90% for current status and projected goal status FLR codes at the physical therapist IE but was markedly lower for interim and discharge reporting (≤ 50% for all). More than 75% of claims had planned improvements in SMs at the physical therapist IE (projected goal status − current status), with variations by specific FLR codes. For the episodes with FLR codes at the physical therapist IE and discharge, improvements were reported in more than 2 of 3 episodes. Limitations Limitations for these analyses include a missing discharge claim on many outpatient physical therapy episodes and potential coding errors with Medicare claims. Conclusions Except for the physical therapist IE, FLR codes were not submitted consistent with regulations. Most physical therapy episodes showed improvements in FLR SMs from the physical therapist IE and discharge, although the low completion rate limited interpretation. Changes to the FLR program are warranted to understand whether changes in SMs correspond to changes in a patient's function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakdown in communication is a predictor of both nursing and surgical errors. In a 2013 survey at our institution, staff on the general surgery unit identified nurse-resident communication as the most important issue related to patient safety The general surgery Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program sought to improve nurse-resident communication through a 3-year quality improvement initiative. A multidisciplinary working group conducted a root-cause analysis and developed initiatives addressing priority issues in nurse-resident communication. Two main interventions were developed: structured face-to-face interaction at discharge rounds and notebooks to transfer nonurgent messages. Compliance was evaluated. The primary outcomes of percieved communication and collaboration were assessed using a validated survey distributed to residents and unit nurses before the intervention, 9 months after, and 2.5 years after the intervention. The interventions were associated with improvements in perceived communication and team function. Survey scores, on average, were significant higher at 9 months postintervention and remained significant compared with preintervention after 2.5 years (from 57% to 74%, P = .01, then 72%, P = .02, among residents; and from 63% to 80%, P = .01, then 77% among nurses). Our framework and initiatives addressing nurse-resident communication may be useful for other teams interested in addressing this critical patient safety issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purposeTo determine which concomitant boost technique is dosimetrically superior in the treatment of breast cancer; volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or fixed field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (ff-IMRT).Materials and methodsIn total, 30 breast patients were re-planned with both VMAT and fixed field concomitant boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques. A hybrid technique was used delivering 80% of the dose through tangential beams and 20% through an integrated boost. A two-tailed t-test sample for means was used to compare the dosimetric differences between the techniques.ResultsMaximum dose was statistically lower for VMAT; 103·2 versus 103·7% for ff-IMRT along with statistically lower V2 Gy doses to the contralateral lung (0·7 versus 1·6%) and heart for both left- (19·0%/22·6%), and right- (5·5%/8·8%) sided patients, respectively. ff-IMRT boasted significantly lower ipsilateral lung V20, V18 and V10 Gy (7·9/8·6/13·1 versus 8·1/8·8/13·4%) than VMAT, respectively. No differences were found with minimum coverage, mean dose and V5 Gy to all organs at risk (OARs).ConclusionVMAT and ff-IMRT techniques demonstrate excellent target coverage and OAR sparing facilitated by the hybrid planning technique and deep inspiration breath hold. There is no obvious dosimetrically superior option between the two techniques. Reduced treatment times with VMAT make it more desirable to implement clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Educating nurses about palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care is a high priority in health care settings. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses' perceived competency regarding the provision of palliative and EOL care to hospitalized patients. Method: This study surveyed nurses from 25 pediatric and adult acute and intensive care units (ICU; N = 583) Quantitative data analysis was descriptive and correlational. Qualitative data analysis identified themes of participant concerns. Results: Data analysis revealed that perceived competency in palliative and EOL care is significantly higher in the ICU nurses (p < .0001). Mean scores were significantly higher when nurses had more than 10 years of experience (p < .0001). Open-ended responses indicated concerns regarding improved communication behaviors, decision making, and facilitation of continuity of care. Conclusion: The results provide guidance for development of palliative and EOL care nursing education programs tailored to address specific unit needs according to staff characteristics, patient population focus of care, and acuity level of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested a five-factor model structure with a sample of professional school counselors. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a modified five-factor model was the most appropriate. In addition, the levels of professional school counselors’ burnout differed from other diverse samples of counselors. Implications for professional school counselors are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Theorists have long argued that two forms of relative deprivation exist: individual-based relative deprivation (IRD) whereby a person feels deprived relative to other individuals and group-based relative deprivation (GRD) whereby a person feels his/her ingroup is deprived relative to other groups. Combinations of IRD and GRD are therefore assumed to produce four response profiles: (i) high on IRD and GRD (i.e. 'doubly deprived'); (ii) high on IRD, low on GRD; (iii) low on IRD, high on GRD; or (iv) low on IRD and GRD. The existence of these profiles, however, has never been assessed. We address this oversight by using latent profile analysis to identify distinct response patterns to measures of IRD and GRD. Across two studies, we found no support for this typology, nor the oft-assumed doubly deprived profile. Rather, response patterns showed moderate levels of IRD across discrete profiles accompanied by considerable variability in GRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although group-based relative deprivation predicts people's willingness to protest unfair outcomes, perceiving that one's subgroup is respected increases employees' support for organizations. An integration of these perspectives suggests that subgroup respect will dampen the impact of group-based relative deprivation on workers' responses to unfair organizational outcomes. We examined this hypothesis among university faculty ( N = 804) who underwent a system-wide pay cut. As expected, group-based relative deprivation predicted protest intentions. This relationship was, however, muted among those who believed university administrators treated their area of expertise (i.e., their subgroup) with a high (vs. low) level of respect. Moderated mediation analyses confirmed that group-based relative deprivation had a conditional indirect effect on protest intentions via participants' (dis)identification with their university at low to moderate, but not high, levels of subgroup respect. Our finding that satisfying relational needs can attenuate responses to group-based relative deprivation demonstrates the benefits of integrating insights from distinct research traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety-six male fraternity members (Study 1), 112 female voters (Study 2), and 219 undergraduates (Study 3) read scenarios in which a group representative forgave, retaliated, or left a romantic partner after the partner's sexual infidelity was publically revealed. Observers rated a victim who forgave his or her partner to be as mature as a victim who ended the relationship, but also as weaker and less competent. They rated a victim who forgave to be more mature but almost as weak and incompetent as a victim who retaliated. Symbolic concerns that the victim's behavior violated shared values (all three studies) or damaged the group's power/status (Study 3) mediated the relationship between victim behavior and victim ratings. These data demonstrate how the symbolic concerns that shape observers' judgments of an offender can extend to observers' judgments of the victim. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological research documents the extent to which physical appearance comparisons are associated with negative emotional experiences, but researchers typically study physical appearance comparisons isolated from other comparison experiences. As part of a signal-contingent experience sampling design, 87 female undergraduate students recorded whether they had made any comparison about any topic after they received a text message at three randomly chosen times a day for 7 days. In contrast to other comparisons, physical appearance comparisons were more likely to be upward contrasts to dissimilar targets associated with increased envy, less inspiration, less pride, and less anxiety. Women who reported more demographically similar close friends reported more envy following physical appearance comparisons in contrast to women who reported more demographically diverse close friends. Women who associated their body with a better quality of life reported more inspiration and less envy following physical appearance comparisons. More demographically diverse close friends and a more positive body image may protect women from the negative emotional consequences associated with physical appearance comparisons. These data indicate that the positive benefits for interpersonal judgments associated with close cross-group friends extend to intrapersonal reactions to physical appearance comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]