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Background: Staged bilateral hip arthroscopy is an option for athletes who have symptomatic bilateral femoroacetabular impingement; however, the optimal timing of the second procedure is unknown. Purpose: To evaluate minimum 2-year outcomes for patients undergoing accelerated bilateral arthroscopy against those undergoing (1) delayed bilateral and (2) unilateral arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of prospectively collected data from patients undergoing bilateral primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement between 2009 and 2022. Inclusion criteria entailed competitive athletes with concurrent bilateral symptoms at initial presentation. Exclusion criteria (either hip) were Tönnis grade >1, dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle <25°), Perthes disease, protrusio acetabuli, and avascular necrosis. Two groups were established based on the duration between procedures: within 7 days (accelerated group) and within 4 to 12 weeks (delayed group). Patients from the accelerated group were matched in a 1:2 ratio with patients undergoing unilateral surgery based on age ±2 years, sex, and athletic status. Minimum 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (including modified Harris Hip Score, University of California Los Angeles activity scale, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference, rates of continuing to play main sport, and satisfaction were compared between groups. Results: A total of 131 athletes (262 hips) with bilateral femoroacetabular impingement were included: 91 in the accelerated group and 40 in the delayed group. Duration between surgeries was 0.99 ± 0.02 and 6.35 ± 2.18 weeks, respectively. All accelerated athletes were each successfully matched to 2 athletes with unilateral procedures (N = 182). All 3 groups demonstrated significant improvement from baseline across all PROs (P <.001 for all). Acquired change in PROs was similar and not significantly different between groups (P >.05). Satisfaction with relief from pain was achieved by 85.9% of patients in the accelerated group compared with 83.1% in the delayed group (P =.053) and 87.3% in the unilateral group (P =.933). The minimal clinically important difference for the modified Harris Hip Score was achieved by 84.9% of patients in the accelerated group compared with 91.5% in the delayed group (P =.212) and 87.6% in the unilateral group (P =.456). At 2 years postoperatively, the continue-to-play rate was 73.6% for the accelerated group compared with 77.1% for the delayed group (P =.577) and 73.0% for the unilateral group (P =.903). There were no increased complications associated with the accelerated group. Conclusion: Accelerated bilateral hip arthroscopy 1 week apart was a safe and effective treatment option for athletes with bilateral symptoms. Improvement in PROs and continue-to-play rates were comparable with those after a delayed duration between procedures and with those case-control matched athletes undergoing unilateral arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in patients with dysplasia presents a unique challenge to surgeons. Short-term outcomes are conflicting, while longer term follow-up data are only emerging. Purpose: To quantify midterm (minimum 5-year follow-up) outcomes after the arthroscopic correction of FAI in the presence of lateral rim dysplasia compared with a matched control group with FAI with normal acetabular coverage. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Prospective outcome data, collected in a consecutive series of patients undergoing arthroscopic FAI correction with lateral rim dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle [LCEA] of 13°-25°), were reviewed (N = 75 cases). An age- and sex-matched control group of 120 cases was also formed (LCEA >25°). Survivorship was defined as the avoidance of total hip replacement and assessed using a Kaplan-Meier curve with the log-rank test. Survival rates and patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores (modified Harris Hip Score [mHHS], University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA], 36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36], and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] preoperatively and at 5 years postoperatively) were compared between the groups. The proportion of patients across groups achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was compared for each PROM. The dysplasia group was also analyzed independently to identify any factors that may indicate a less favorable outcome using regression analysis. The group was divided into 2 subgroups: borderline dysplasia (LCEA of 20°-25°) and severe dysplasia (LCEA <20°). Results: The survival rate in the dysplasia group was 97%. There was no statistical difference with respect to survival rates or any PROM scores (P >.05 for all) between the groups. There were similar rates of achieving the MCID between the groups for the mHHS, UCLA, and WOMAC. The FAI control group had a higher rate of achieving the MCID for the SF-36 (P =.012; effect size = 0.274 [small]). Subgroup analysis indicated a lower survival rate (78% vs 100%, respectively; P <.001) in female cases in the dysplasia group (n = 9) compared with male cases in the dysplasia group (n = 66). The UCLA score in female cases in the dysplasia group at 5 years was statistically lower compared with that in male cases in the dysplasia group (6 vs 10, respectively; P =.003; effect size = 0.378 [medium]), but no other outcome revealed any differences between the sexes. There were also no variables identified on regression analysis that accurately predicted a poorer outcome in the dysplasia group. When stratified by severity, there was no difference in survivorship or outcomes between those with severe dysplasia (LCEA <20°; n = 11) and those with borderline dysplasia (LCEA of 20°-25°; n = 64). Conclusion: An arthroscopic intervention was a successful treatment option for FAI in the presence of lateral rim dysplasia at midterm follow-up. Irrespective of the severity of dysplasia, patients can expect similar improvements to those in patients with normal femoral head coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common mechanical hip condition, prevalent in both the athletic and the general population. Surgical intervention is an effective treatment option that improves both symptoms and function in short- to medium-term follow-up. Few studies within the literature have reported the longer-term success of arthroscopic surgery. Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify the 10-year survivorship and clinical outcome for patients treated arthroscopically for symptomatic FAI. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients from our hip registry (n = 119) completed patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at a minimum of 10 years after arthroscopy (range, 10-12 years). Results were compared with baseline scores using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The associations among several prognostic factors, which included age, sex, Tönnis grade, and labral treatment, and subsequent conversion to total hip replacement (THR) or repeat hip arthroscopy (RHA) were analyzed using the chi-square analysis. Relationships between range of motion and radiological findings with clinical outcome were also examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using a distribution method (0.5 standard deviation of the change score), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) was determined using an anchor method. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curves with subsequent Youden index were used to determine cutoffs for PROMs, which equated to a Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). Results: A total of 8.4% of cases required conversion to THR, and 5.9% required RHA. Statistically significant improvements in mHHS, SF-36, and WOMAC scores, with high satisfaction (90%), were observed 10 years after surgery. No significant change was seen in activity level (UCLA score) despite patients being 10 years older. A high percentage of patients achieved MCID for mHHS (88%), SF-36 (84%), and WOMAC (60%). The majority of patients also achieved PASS (62% for mHHS, 85% for UCLA, 78% for SF-36, and 84% for WOMAC) and SCB (74% for mHHS, 58% for UCLA, 52% for SF-36, and 56% for WOMAC). Conclusion: Arthroscopic intervention is a safe and viable treatment option for patients with symptomatic FAI, and patients can expect long-term improvements and high satisfaction. Results indicated a high satisfaction (90%) and survivorship rate (91.6%), with excellent clinical outcome, 10 years after the initial procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inguinal disruption and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are well-recognized sources of groin pain in athletes; however, the relationship between inguinal disruption and FAI remains unclear. In cases of dual pathology, where both entities coexist, there is no definitive consensus regarding which pathology should be prioritized for treatment in the first instance. Purpose: (1) To examine the 2-year effectiveness and clinical outcome in athletes presenting with dual pathology in which the FAI component alone was treated with arthroscopic deformity correction. (2) To compare 2-year patient-reported outcome measures between athletes undergoing only hip arthroscopy (HA) and athletes undergoing groin repair and HA. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients undergoing HA for the treatment of FAI with concomitant clinical signs of inguinal disruption at initial consultation were between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were male sex, age <40 years, and involvement in competitive sporting activity. Athletes with previous HA on the symptomatic side, Tönnis grade >1, or lateral center-edge angle <25° were excluded. Revision HA or subsequent groin surgery was documented. Outcome evaluation consisted of validated patient-reported outcome measures (modified Harris Hip Score; University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale; 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) completed preoperatively and a minimum 2 years postoperatively. The minimal clinically important difference was assessed by using a distribution-based technique (SD, 0.5) and an anchor-based technique (percentage of possible improvement). Level of satisfaction and return to play were assessed. Results: A total of 113 cases of dual pathology were included in 91 patients with a mean ± SD age of 26.3 ± 5.1 years. The index surgical procedure was HA for 104 cases (92%) and groin repair for 9 (8%). For patients undergoing HA as the index procedure, 98.1% (102/104 cases) were successfully followed up to establish survivorship. In 89.2% (91/102 cases), no additional groin surgery was required. In 11 cases (10.8%), additional groin surgery was required for persisting inguinal-related groin pain. At 2 years after the operation, there was no difference for any patient-reported outcome measure (P >.099), improvement from baseline (P >.070), or proportion of cases achieving the minimal clinically important difference (P >.120) between the HA-only group and the group undergoing HA and groin repair at any stage. There was also no difference between groups in terms of return-to-play rate (P =.509) or levels of satisfaction (pain, P =.204; performance, P =.345). Conclusion: In patients with dual pathology, treatment of the FAI component alone using arthroscopic hip surgery results in a successful outcome without need for groin repair in 89.2% of cases. No statistical difference in clinical outcome 2 years after surgery was observed between athletes undergoing 1 procedure (HA alone) and those undergoing 2 procedures (HA and groin repair at any stage). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a commonly recognized condition in athletes characterized by activity-related hip pain and stiffness, which if left untreated can progress to hip osteoarthritis. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of symptomatic FAI on performance in young athletes based on the hypothesis that athletes with FAI would show deficits in performance compared with healthy controls. Design: The functional performance of a cohort of preoperative, competitive sportsmen with symptomatic FAI (FAI group, n = 54), was compared with that of a group of age, sex and activity-level matched controls (n = 66). Outcome Measures: Participants performed functional tests including a 10-m sprint, a modified agility T-test, a maximal deep squat test and a single-leg drop jump (reactive strength index). Hip range of motion was assessed by measuring maximal hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation (at 90 degree hip flexion). Results: The FAI group was significantly slower during the 10-m sprint (3%, P = 0.002) and agility T-test (8%, P < 0.001); flexion, abduction, and internal rotation values for the FAI group were reduced compared with controls (P < 0.001). No significant differences between groups were identified for squat depth or reactive strength index. The FAI group also reported higher levels of anterior groin pain during the 10-m sprint, modified agility T-test, and while squatting. Conclusions: Many sportsmen with confirmed FAI continue sports participation up to and after diagnosis, despite issues with activity-related pain and stiffness. This study highlights the functional limitations in speed, agility, and flexibility that are likely to be present in this group of FAI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]