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Simple Summary: This study evaluates the occurrence of second primary neoplasms (SPNs) in individuals with a history of melanoma (MM) and identify factors that increase the risk in our population. A prospective cohort study was conducted, involving 529 MM survivors from January 2005 to August 2021. Among the 529 patients, 89 were diagnosed with SPNs, with 62 being skin tumors and 37 being solid organ tumors. The estimated probability of developing SPNs after MM diagnosis was found to increase over time, reaching 4.1% at 1 year, 11% at 5 years, and 19% at 10 years. Several factors were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPNs, including older age, primary MM location on the face or neck, and the histologic subtype of lentigo maligna MM. We conclude that individuals with primary MM located on the face and neck, as well as those with the histological subtype of lentigo maligna-MM, have a higher risk of developing SPNs. Age also independently influences the risk. Understanding these risk factors can assist in developing MM guidelines that provide specific follow-up recommendations for individuals at the highest risk. (1) Introduction: The association between melanoma (MM) and the occurrence of second primary neoplasms (SPNs) has been extensively studied, with reported incidence rates ranging from 1.5% to 20%. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of SPNs in patients with a history of primary MM and to describe the factors that make the risk higher in our population. (2) Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study and calculated the incidence rates and relative risks (RR) for the development of different SPNs in 529 MM survivors from 1 January 2005 to 1 August 2021. Survival and mortality rates were obtained, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the demographic and MM-related factors that influence the overall risk. (3) Results: Among the 529 patients included, 89 were diagnosed with SPNs (29 prior to MM diagnosis, 11 synchronous, and 49 after MM), resulting in 62 skin tumors and 37 solid organ tumors. The estimated probability of developing SPNs after MM diagnosis was 4.1% at 1 year, 11% at 5 years, and 19% at 10 years. Older age, primary MM location on the face or neck, and histologic subtype of lentigo maligna mm were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPNs. (4) Conclusions: In our population, the risk of developing SPNs was higher in patients with primary MM located on the face and neck and with the histological subtype of lentigo maligna-MM. Age also independently influences the risk. Understanding these hazard factors can aid in the development of MM guidelines with specific follow-up recommendations for individuals with the highest risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The aim of this study is to compare the risk of local recurrence and metastases in patients with cSCC based on the presence or absence of prior sun exposure in the region of tumor development. A retrospective observational epidemiological study including 558 patients from January 2017 to December 2020 was conducted. Among the 463 patients with cSCC in highly sun-exposed areas, 73 (15.8%) were diagnosed with local recurrence versus only 7 of 95 patients (7.4%) in less sun-exposed areas. No differences were found in terms of metastasis between both groups. In regions with low sun exposure, the variables linked to a heightened risk of recurrence include tumor depth and the involvement of surgical margins. Our results suggest that highly sun-exposed areas could have a greater risk of developing local recurrence, conferring a worse prognosis for the patients. Background: The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing over the years. Risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis have been widely studied in highly sun-exposed areas of the body but less data exist about less sun-exposed ones. The main objective of this study is to compare the risk of local recurrence and metastases in patients with cSCC in highly sun-exposed areas compared to cSCC in less sun-exposed areas. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out, including 558 patients with histopathologically confirmed cSCC at the Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, during the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Demographic, clinical and anatomopathological data were collected. Results: Local recurrence occurs more often in highly sun-exposed areas (15.8%) compared to less sun-exposed ones (7.4%) (p < 0.05). However, no differences in the rate of metastases in both groups were found. The presence of affected surgical margins and tumor thickness were identified as independent risk factors for cSCC in low sun-exposure areas. Conclusions: cSCC located in anatomical areas of high sun exposure presented a greater risk of developing local recurrence in our population, which could suggest that these tumors have worse prognosis than those that lie in areas that do not receive chronic sun exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]