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Background/purpose: Oral cancer, including malignancies of the tongue, lips, floor of the mouth, cheek mucosa, gums, palate, and oropharynx, is life-threatening. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for long-term survival. Dentists frequently encounter oral cancers due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and experience of dentists in Turkey regarding oral cancers. Materials and methods: A total of 361 participants were included in the study, and survey questions were sent via email. The survey consisted of 16 questions measuring demographic data and knowledge about oral cancerous lesions. Participants were grouped based on their specialization and knowledge level, and differences in responses among groups were examined. Results: Only 21.3% of the participants felt they had sufficient knowledge and experience about oral cancerous lesions. Overall, the correct answer rates indicated a moderate level of knowledge and experience. When grouped by specialization, oral surgeons had the highest accuracy in their responses (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dentists are the professional group that most frequently encounters clinically oral cancerous lesions. Therefore, it is critically important for them to be knowledgeable and experienced to reduce morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis. This study evaluated the knowledge status of dentists in Turkey regarding oral cancer and highlighted the need for improved education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the relationship between women's health literacy levels, their health belief levels concerning cervical cancer, and the Pap smear test. Methods: This descriptive and relationship-seeking study was conducted with 519 women who were selected using the purposive sampling method and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a questionnaire by the researchers, the Turkey Health Literacy Survey (THLS-32) and the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test (HBM-SCCPST). Results: The mean THLS-32 score of the women was 32.08±11.85 and 30.2% had an insufficient level of health literacy. Women's education, occupation, economic status, knowledge of the Pap smear, and willingness to be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus were found to be factors affecting their health literacy (p<0.05). The mean subscale scores in the HBM-SCCPST were determined to be 30.83±8.46 for Pap smear benefits, 32.70±11.41 for barriers, 22.16±6.06 for cervical cancer-seriousness, 7.83±2.40 for cervical cancer-susceptibility, 9.15±2.86 for cervical cancer health motivation. The women's health literacy levels had a weak positive correlation with their mean Pap smear benefits subscale score (r=0.275), weak negative relationship with their mean barriers subscale score (r=-0.212) (p=0.000). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that as the health literacy levels of the women increased, there was a decrease in their barrier perception and an increase in their benefit perception concerning the Pap smear test. The results suggest that women's health literacy levels are moderate, and there is a need for interventions to increase their health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine / Spor Hekimleri Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evidence is accumulating that medical students and practitioners have particular difficulty in neurology and have neurophobia. However, little is known about attitudes toward neurology in physiotherapy students. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of physiotherapy students toward neurology and compare it with other core specialties, identify contributors to difficulties of neurology, and obtain feedback for improving the quality of neurology and neurological rehabilitation education. A structured survey was distributed to final-year physiotherapy students in different universities across Turkey. Perceived level of knowledge, confidence, interest, difficulty, and desire to pursue a career in four main physiotherapy specialty areas (neurology, musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and pediatric) were assessed. Reasons for perceived difficulty and ways to improve neurological physiotherapy education were asked by Likert-type and open-ended questions. Three hundred ninety-one students participated from 12 universities. Neurology was perceived as the most challenging discipline (p <.001), but a lack of knowledge, interest, and confidence were not reported. The reasons for perceived difficulties with neurology were the need-to-know basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, difficulty integrating information into the clinic, and the complexity of the subject. To improve learning, most students recommended increasing clinical teaching, including bedside tutorials, exposure to more patients, and case discussions. Physiotherapy students considered neurology as the most challenging discipline. Improving the integration of basic neurosciences into the clinic may improve neurology learning along with increased clinical teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study are twofold: the first is to examine the relationship between performance measurement (PM) and self-report measurement for wisdom, and the second aim is to reveal the relationship between self-reported wisdom, cognitive flexibility, and self-transcendence. Also, the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm is adapted to Turkish to assess wisdom as a PM. One hundred and fifty-one university students were included in the study. Five criteria of BWP were used for wisdom PM. As self-report measurements, San-Diego Wisdom Scale, Self-Transcendence Scale, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) were used. The correlations between the total and subdimensions of the measurements were examined. Accordingly, only self-transcendence is positively correlated with PM. Total words used in the PM correlated with all three self-report measurements. There is only gender difference in CFI scores. According to the classification model revealed by factor analysis, the negative components of personal wisdom, which indicate coping with difficult situations, can be separated from the positive components of personal wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to recognize the mental states and emotions of others, is central to effective social relationships. Measuring higher-order ToM skills in gifted children may be a useful way to identify the tendency to experience difficulties in social behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intelligence and sex in children using ToM and social behavior measures. Methods: Children aged 10–12 years constituted both the gifted (n = 45) and non-gifted (n = 45) groups. The participants were assessed for prosocial behaviors and peer problems using the subscales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and in terms of ToM using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test-Child Version (RMET-C) and the Faux Pas Recognition Test-Child Version (FPRT-C). Results: ToM test results were higher in gifted children and girls. Peer problems were lower in gifted children. Prosocial behavior was higher in girls. No relationship was determined between ToM tests and peer problems or prosocial behavior in gifted children, but such a relationship was observed in the non-gifted group. Conclusions: This study shows that gifted children with high cognitive skills also possess superior social cognition skills. Advanced ToM skills in gifted children may be important to supporting their social and cognitive development. The differences between boys and girls should be considered in educational interventions applied to children in the social sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of prolonged extrication time and the time to fasciotomy applications on amputation requirement by giving quantitative and cutoff values. Methods: In this single-center study, the clinical records of patients with musculoskeletal injuries due to the 6 February Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey were retrospectively reviewed. All patients who underwent fasciotomy or amputation regardless of age and gender were included in the study. 163 extremities of 140 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Demographic data of the patients, such as age and gender, were recorded in this study. The primary outcome of this study was the correlation of the time between injury and fasciotomy applications with the amputation requirement. At the same time, the effect of prolonged extrication time of earthquake victims on amputation requirement. Results: The mean age was 29.01 ± 15.55 of earthquake victims included in the current study and the gender distribution of the patients is almost equal. 87 amputations of 65 patients were performed and transtibial amputation was the most common type (41.3%). The mean fasciotomy time was 38.78 ± 23.64 h. Delayed fasciotomies performed after 45.5 h increase 28.48 times the amputation requirement. The mean extrication time in the current study was 36.49 h. The patients with extrication time longer than 23 h was associated with an 8.8 times higher risk of amputation. Conclusions: Authors believe that knowledge of the relationship between earthquake survivors' prognosis and time of extrication, as well as the impact of fasciotomy timing on extremity loss, is essential for a more successful treatment management in future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the perception levels of teachers' intergenerational knowledge sharing and intergenerational learning and to reveal the relationship between these variables. This study is a descriptive research which uses the relational screening model. The sample of the study consists of 464 teachers chosen by disproportionately stratified sampling in public primary, secondary and high schools in the Gebze district of Kocaeli province, Turkey, during the 2018–2019 academic year. The data were gathered via the Intergenerational Knowledge Sharing scale and the Intergenerational Learning scale. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, regression, and correlation analyses were applied to the data. As a result of the study, a positive high-level relationship was found to exist between intergenerational knowledge sharing and intergenerational learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to examine the mediating role of cultural intelligence and cognitive flexibility in the relation between effective counsellor characteristics and multicultural counselling competencies of counsellors in Turkey. A total of 521 counsellors participated in the study. TThe "Effective Counsellor Characteristics Assessment Scale", "Multicultural Counselling Competencies Scale", "Cultural Intelligence Scale", and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory" were used to collect the data. Cognitive flexibility and cultural intelligence were found to play a full mediating role between effective counsellor characteristics and multicultural counselling competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Don't Touch My Body" Training Program (DTMB-TP) and raise awareness of child sexual abuse (CSA) among future pre-school teachers enrolled in a Turkish university. The study design was quasi-experimental and employed two groups (intervention and control) with pre-test/post-test. Convenience sampling method was used. The study sample included participants (n = 218) enrolled in an academic degree program to become pre-school teachers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form and the "DTMB" awareness form. The data collection forms were administered to the study and control groups at baseline (pre-test) and 4 weeks after the intervention. The intervention applied to the experimental group was conducted face-to-face in one class hour (40 minutes) under the leadership of a nurse. There was a statistically significant increase in the knowledge of the children's private body parts, good/bad touch, reactions to strangers, and the family security password in the intervention group in the post-test (p <.05). In the post-test, no increase was observed in the control group's CSA knowledge level score (p >.05). The DTMB-TP effectively increased the awareness of preventing sexual abuse in participants. This study concluded that education effectively raised awareness to prevent CSA and provided basic data for larger-scale studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the levels of moral intelligence and intercultural sensitivity in nurses. Methods: The cross‐sectional study was conduct with 200 nurses working in a research and training hospital. The data were collected using the intercultural sensitivity scale and the scale for the measurement of moral intelligence in the provision of health services. Results: The mean total intercultural sensitivity score of the nurses was determined to be 89.34 ± 10.01, while their moral intelligence score was found 201.22 ± 21.99. There was a positive relationship between the nurses' mean total scores scales (p < 0.000). Practical Implications: The nurses' intercultural sensitivity and moral intelligence were at a moderate level. As the nurses' levels of moral intelligence increased, their intercultural sensitivity levels increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was aimed at comparing the conscientious intelligence levels of nursing students and determining the factors affecting their conscientious intelligence. Design and Methods: Two hundred and forty nursing students were involved in the study. Findings: There were no statistically significant differences between the first and fourth‐year students in terms of the mean scores they obtained from the compassion, responsibility toward the creator, conscious awareness, and social sensitivity sub‐dimensions. Of the students, those who chose the profession willingly, those who were women and those who did not perceive nursing as a profession just to earn money obtained higher mean scores in the Conscientious Intelligence Scale. Practice Implications: The results of the study revealed that Nurse Academics should make more attempts to improve students' conscientious intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the relationships between four functional classification systems in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and parent-interpredicted intelligence level, and the functional status in clinical types of CP. Two hundred and twenty-five children with CP ages between 2 and 18 (mean age 6.5 ± 4.4) years included using the Surveillance of CP in Europe (SCPE) database in Turkey. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and Eating and Drinking Classification System (EDACS) levels were classified by clinical observation, and intelligence quotient (IQ) was determined by parent reports. Correlations were found between all functional levels; the strongest were between GMFCS-MACS (r = 0.784, p <.001), CFCS-EDACS (r = 0.772, p <.001). Strong correlations were found for the IQ-CFCS (r = 0.762, p <.001) and IQ-EDACS (r = 0.634, p <.001). Correlations were stronger in children with bilateral CP and IQ level <70. Taken together, these four classification systems and reported IQ levels can adequately describe overall functioning for children with CP. Our results can guide clinicians in the rehabilitation of children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory of mind (ToM) has been frequently assessed via behavioral assessments. Recently, Tahiroglu and colleagues developed the parent-report Children's Social Understanding Scale (CSUS) to assess individual differences in ToM. They found it reliable and valid in assessing ToM of typically developing preschoolers. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties of the CSUS in ToM assessment of children and adolescents with atypical development, who are known to have difficulties in understanding others' mental states. In two studies, we collected data from 106 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Mage = 12.06 years, SD = 2.91) and 70 children and adolescents with hearing impairment (HI; Mage = 7.3 years, SD = 2.3). The children's social understanding was assessed via the CSUS (short form in the ASD and full form in the HI samples) and behavioral ToM tasks (tasks with low-verbal demands and standard ToM tasks). Receptive language in both samples and nonverbal intelligence in ASD sample were also assessed. Analyses revealed high internal consistency for the CSUS in both samples. As expected, the CSUS correlated with performance on behavioral ToM tasks, receptive language, and nonverbal intelligence. The CSUS continued to be significantly associated with performance on behavioral ToM tasks after controlling for receptive language and nonverbal intelligence in ASD sample, and controlling for age and receptive language in HI sample. These results demonstrate that the CSUS is a reliable and valid tool in measuring ToM among children and adolescents with ASD and those with HI in Turkey. Highlights: Research examining theory of mind has mostly focused on behavioral assessments. Parent-reports would be beneficial for assessing theory of mind especially in atypical samples. The Children's Social Understanding Scale is used in different cultures, yet, not widely studied in atypical samples. The scale has good psychometric properties in samples of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and hearing impairment. The scale captures individual differences in theory of mind of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and hearing impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aims to discuss cultural intelligence levels and intercultural communication apprehension of nurses. Method: This study was designed as a descriptive and cross-sectional study, and it was conducted with 252 nurses working in a hospital in a south city of Turkey. The research data were collected via a "Personal Information Form" designed by the researchers, "The Cultural Intelligence Scale," and "The Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale." Results: It was concluded that nurses had moderate levels of cultural intelligence and intercultural communication apprehension, which were positively correlated (p <.001). Cultural intelligence levels and intercultural communication apprehension were further correlated with certain variables such as age, gender, job duration, foreign language proficiency, and their experiences in foreign countries (p <.05). Discussion: In light of the results, it was suggested that moderate levels of intercultural communication apprehension can be a supportive factor in developing cultural intelligence. It was also added that preventing excessive intercultural communication apprehension and supporting nurses to improve language skills and to have abroad experience may be beneficial in developing cultural intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE Oncology education at medical schools is often fragmented, under-represented, and nonstandardized. Medical students lack essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for them to provide optimal primary care to patients with cancer upon graduation. METHODS In this study, we designed and assessed the impact of a compact oncology teaching conference on medical students. The conference covered topics in cancer biology, public health, diagnosis, patient management, treatment, and communication skills. Medical students completed voluntary presurveys and postsurveys regarding their perceived knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives. The event was promoted by student groups, particularly our ASCO Oncology Student Interest Group, and took place online. RESULTS A total of 228 responses from medical students representing 50 universities were analyzed. We revealed significant baseline confidence and perceived knowledge deficits especially in diagnosis and patient management, and treatment modalities. Our conference positively affected self-assessed knowledge acquisition among students, with the most pronounced differences seen in diagnosis and patient management (2.51 6 1 v 3.87 6 0.81) and treatment modalities (2.54 6 0.96 v 3.79 6 0.88), P < .001. Students believed the program was beneficial, felt more confident in applying their knowledge in the clinic and in delivering bad news, and were more interested in pursuing oncology-related fields, P < .001. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that a compact teaching conference resulted in significant improvements in students' confidence and perceived knowledge about oncology. Our successful teaching model can be adapted and implemented at medical schools globally. Development and evaluation of teaching programs are important to urgently reform undergraduate medical education in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the "My Body is Special" Training Program (MBS-TP), which was developed using the creative drama method to gain information about body recognition and body safety in preventing sexual abuse in children. This is an experimental study conducted with a control group using a pretest/posttest design. This study was carried out in two preschools in Turkey, involving 87 children in the 5–6 age group. MBS-TP was applied to children in the intervention group through eight sessions over 3 weeks. Results indicate that the body's private areas were guessed at lower rates in the intervention group in the pretest (vagina/vulva 13.6%, penis 2.3%) than the posttest (vagina/vulva 77.3%, penis 68.2%). In the control group, in both the pretest (vagina/vulva 7.7%, penis 0%) and posttest (vagina/vulva 11.5%, penis 0%) knowledge was at similarly low rates. There was a statistically significant increase in the knowledge of "saying, doing, telling, reporting" skills of protecting their bodies for children in the intervention group in the posttest. The "MBS-TP" was found to be effective in increasing ability to recognize parts of the body and body safety techniques for preventing sexual abuse in children aged 5–6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: It has been reported that the intention to breastfeed starts to form long before pregnancy, and that this is actually dependent upon the attitudes adopted in early adolescence. This methodological study involved the translation of the Infant Feeding Attitude Scale from English to Turkish and then the testing of the reliability and validity of the translated version. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted with 889 university students studying in the eight departments of the Health Science faculty in Turkey. Design: Data for the study were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The validity of the scale was analyzed in terms of content and construct validity. Content validity was assessed by means of the Content Validity Index, and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability analysis was carried out by calculations using the internal consistency coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and corrected item total correlations. Results: The scale content validity Index was found to be.99. The 13-item Infant Feeding Attitude Scale displayed a three-factor construct. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor construct. Factor loadings varied between.34 and.82. The internal consistency coefficient for the entire sample was.74, and the test–retest was calculated as.96. Conclusion: It was found in our study that the instrument that assesses the attitudes of young people about infant feeding styles was a valid and reliable tool that could be applied to the young people in Turkey. The scale can be used to determine the attitudes of young people towards breastfeeding in studies conducted to increase breastfeeding rates in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The procedure is most prevalent in the Muslim and Jewish population. The boys have many circumcision for many reason such as religious, medical reason and tradition in may counties. We carry out this experiment to determine knowledge, attitude and behaviour of parents about circumcision. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in department of pediatric surgery at a research and training hospital in Ankara, Turkey. The parents of 107 children under 18 years of age who attended this clinic. Results: The mean age of the children who was being circumcised was 8.16 ±1.1 (n=107, min=6.5, maks=13 years). The main reason why the mothers were planning to circumcise their male children was medical benefits (66.3%) but for the fathers the main reasons were tradition (43.9%) and religion (35.5%). There was a significant relationship between educational level of mothers and preference of the age for circumcision (Cramer's V=0,431 p< 0.001). As educational level increased, the ratio of mothers who wanted circumcision for medical benefits increased. The parental preference (97.4%) about their child's circumcision was performed by a pediatric surgeon or urologist and expressed the reason as to intervene more quickly to the problems that may develop due to circumcision in the hospital setting (88.8%). Conclusion: It is important to provide guidance to parents about the appropriate age for circumcision, the complications and preparation of the children to the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing first language (L1) translations in L2 vocabulary interventions may be beneficial for L2 vocabulary learning. However, in linguistically diverse L2 classrooms, teachers cannot provide L1 translations to all children. Social robots do offer such opportunities, as they can be programmed to speak any combination of languages. This study investigates whether providing L1 translations in a robot‐assisted L2 vocabulary training facilitates children's learning. Participants were Turkish‐Dutch kindergartners (n = 67) who were taught six Dutch (L2) words for which they knew the L1 (Turkish), but not the L2 Dutch form. Half of these words were taught by a Turkish‐Dutch bilingual robot, alongside their Turkish translations; the other half by a monolingual Dutch robot. Children also completed Dutch and Turkish receptive vocabulary tests. Results of generalized linear regression models indicated better performance in the Dutch‐only condition than in the Turkish‐Dutch condition. Children with well‐developed Turkish and Dutch vocabulary knowledge outperformed children with less well‐developed vocabulary knowledge. The majority of children preferred working with the bilingual robot, but children's preference did not affect word learning. Thus, contrary to our prediction, we found no evidence for a facilitating effect of providing L1 translations through a robot on bilingual children's L2 word learning. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Turkish‐Dutch children often lag behind their monolingual Dutch peers in terms of Dutch (L2) language skills, which means that supporting these children's L2 development is highly relevant.Children may boost their L2 vocabulary learning using their Turkish (L1) vocabulary knowledge.Social robots that can speak a vast variety of languages can be used to provide L1 input in linguistically diverse classrooms. What this paper adds: Using an experimental design with a social robot, we investigated whether children learned more L2 words when L1 translations were provided by a bilingual Turkish‐Dutch robot.Children learned more L2 target words when the robot spoke only L2, compared to when the robot also provided L1 translations.>70% of the children preferred to play again with the bilingual robot, as compared to the monolingual robot. Implications for practice and/or policy: More research is needed to investigate how children's L1 can help L2 vocabulary learning, perhaps a more L1‐inclusive school context.Technological developments (e.g., in automatic speech recognition) are needed to further improve the interaction between robot and child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This is a descriptive, cross‐sectional and observational study that determines the factors affecting the knowledge levels of oncology nurses for skin cancer and sun protection. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on the members of the Turkish Oncology Nursing Association and oncology nurses working in hospitals in Turkey between November 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected by using the Nurse Information Form and Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge (SCSK) scale. For data analysis, average and percentage calculations and multiple linear regression analyses were used. The significance level was set at p <.05. Results: We found those female nurses who were above 40 years of age and having darker skin tone due to excessive sun exposure, with a family history of skin cancer, and educated on skin cancer, performed better on the SCSK scale. We found a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of skin cancer and sun exposure. Using multiple regression analysis, a model was created based on the relationship between variables. In this model, the personality traits of oncology nurses are responsible for higher (91.1%) knowledge levels on skin cancer and sun exposure. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is important to consider factors that will influence an individual's behaviour while developing skin cancer and sun protection programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A new type of coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, spreading rapidly and causing a pandemic. Healthcare professionals were at the front line fighting the pandemic. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on physicians in Turkey, including anxiety levels and other possible contributing variables. Method: The questionnaire prepared by the researchers was administered to the participants over the internet. The questionnaire was anonymized and contained questions about variables such as sociodemographic and professional characteristics, recent history of traveling abroad, presence of a chronic disease history, level of knowledge about Covid-19, ways of obtaining information, and measures taken in their daily and professional lives. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered following the information form. Results: In the specified timeframe, 1249 doctors who completed the questionnaire in full were included in the study. Of the study participants, 50.4% reported that they were psychologically affected by current events related to Covid-19. The mean score of the HADS anxiety subscale was 7.342 (standard deviation [SD]=4.756) and the mean score of the depression subscale was 5.64 (SD=4.236). It was observed that physicians who state being affected psychologically have lower levels of knowledge and higher anxiety and depression scores than physicians who declare not to be affected. In addition, it was found that being of the female gender, having a mental illness, having a family member with a chronic illness, and living with one's family are associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The anxiety levels of physicians in Turkey having to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic increase significantly as is the case in other parts of the world. It will be beneficial to take necessary precautions for physicians with characteristics that may be related to anxiety. It is important to create and maintain psychosocial support programs for all physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the effect of Transcultural Nursing education on nursing students' Professional Values, Empathic Skills, Cultural Sensitivity and Intelligence. Design: A posttest quasi-experimental study with a control group. Methods: The participants were second year nursing students (n = 125). The experiment group was composed of students who had enrolled in the Transcultural Nursing course (n = 65). The control group consisted of students who did not enroll in this course (n = 60). Findings: The posttest scores of the experiment group in the scales were significantly higher than those in the control group (p <.01). Conclusion: Transcultural nursing course is an effective method to increase the professional values, empathic skills, cultural sensitivity and intelligence of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Providing a safe environment in perioperative care is important for both operating room team members and patients. This study aims to identify knowledge of the operating room team members about surgical smoke safety. Methods: The cross-sectional in nature study was conducted with the volunteer participation of 62 personnel who were composed of surgeons, anesthetists, surgical technicians, anesthesia technicians, and surgical nurses. Results: Average age of the participants was 29.11±5.94. Of all the participants, 66.1% were surgical nurses and 74.2% worked in night + day shifts. In addition, it was found that 83.9% of the participants did not participate in any training programs on surgical smoke safety. Correct answer total mean score of the operating room personnel was 5.19± 1.46 (min: 2, max: 10). Conclusions: Institutional policies, supervisions, and well-designed education programs are needed in order to bring the knowledge of the operating room personnel to a sufficient level and increase their awareness about occupational health and occupational exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of the knowledge and health beliefs of individuals about colorectal cancer on their screening behaviour. Background: Colorectal cancer ranks third among the most common cancers both worldwide and in Turkey. Colorectal cancer plays an important role in cancer mortality but can be prevented by promoting healthy behaviour and participation in early screening programmes. Design: This descriptive study was completed with 114 women and 121 men. Methods: The study data were collected using the 'Data collection form' and 'Health Belief Model Scale for Protection from Colorectal Cancer'. Potential risk factors were investigated using logistic regression analyses. The AGREE checklist was completed. Results: The colorectal cancer screening tests were known by 23.0% of the subjects and 17% had undergone one of these tests. The score medians obtained from the confidence‐benefit subscale of Health Belief Model Scale for Protection from Colorectal Cancer were found to be significantly higher in those who had undergone colorectal cancer screening. Logistic regression analysis revealed that having knowledge of the relevant tests was associated with undergoing colorectal cancer screening. Conclusions: Having knowledge on colorectal cancer screening tests increases the relevant confidence‐benefit perception regarding the tests and the behaviour of participating in screening programmes. Regular training on colorectal cancer and early diagnosis should therefore be provided by healthcare professionals to both women and men aged 50–70 years to increase the rate of undergoing early screening tests. Relevance to clinical practice: Increasing the rate of early screening is among the responsibilities of health workers working in primary health centres. Therefore, problems that prevent individuals from participating in these programmes need to be identified. In this way, health workers will develop suggestions and initiatives that change the individual's health beliefs and increase motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense competition drives e-tailers to search for radically new ways to maintain and increase their market share. Drawing on Bagozzi's (1992) appraisal → affective response → behavior framework, this study highlights the need, and develops a framework for customer e-loyalty and website familiarity for e-tailer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of website familiarity in the relationships between e-service quality, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty in the context of an emerging economy, Turkey. The survey data were obtained using a judgmental sampling technique and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings show that website familiarity has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between e-satisfaction and e-loyalty, while e-service quality positively affects e-loyalty directly and indirectly through e-satisfaction. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leader is described as an individual who unites organization members around the agreed views and principles, leads the masses towards an objective or motivate others, who are normally unaware of, towards certain objectives by influencing them. Objective: This research was conducted in order to determine the opinions of the students about being a leading nurse who want to become manager nurse. Methodology: This research was conducted with 12 students who are continuing their studies in 4th grade of nursing management course and have accepted to participate in the research. The thoughts and feelings of students who want to become manager nurse about the leader nursing is narrated via a qualitative method. With the use of a semi-structured interview form, the data was obtained within 25-30 minutes via a face-to-face interview. The method of content analysis was used for the evaluation of the data and 8 themes were determined as a result of the codings that were made. Results: As a result; it was identified that dream leader nurse of the students who thought of becoming managers should have effective communication skills, join scientific activities, think critically during crisis, be a member of professional organizations/associations, have the ability to direct employees and to motivate them, use technology, demonstrate ethical behaviors and be a role model. Conclusions: In light of these results, there are recommended in during university education; seminars, panels and/or symposiums should be held for the students who think of becoming managers in order to earn them leader nurse qualities and opportunities to meet leader nurses who can be taken as role models should be offered to these students and should be guided for various certificate programs so that they can use technology more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical education literature suggests that ethics education should be learner-centered and problem-based rather than theory-based. Team-based learning is an appropriate method for this suggestion. However, its effectiveness was not investigated enough in medical ethics education. Research question: Is team-based learning effective in medical ethics education in terms of knowledge retention, in-class learner engagement, and learner reactions? Research design: This was a prospective controlled follow-up study. We changed lecture with team-based learning method to teach four topics in a 2-week medical ethics clerkship, while the remaining topics were taught by lectures. For comparison, we formed team-based learning and lecture groups, in which the students and instructor are the same, but the topics and teaching methodologies are different. We determined in-class learner engagement by direct observation and student satisfaction by feedback forms. Student success for team-based learning and lecture topics in the end-of-clerkship exam and two retention tests performed 1 year and 2 years later were compared. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval for the study was granted by Akdeniz University Board of Ethics on Noninvasive Clinical Human Studies Ethics committee. Findings: Short-term knowledge retention did not differ; however, team-based learning was found superior to lecture at long-term retention tests. Student satisfaction was high with team-based learning and in-class engagement was better in team-based learning sessions. Discussion: Our results on learner engagement and satisfaction with team-based learning were similar to those of previous reports. However, knowledge retention results in our study were contrary to literature. The reason might be the fact that students prepared for the end-of-clerkship pass/fail exam (short term) regardless of the teaching method. But, at long-term retention tests, they did not prepare for the exam and answered the questions just using the knowledge retained in their memories. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that team-based learning is a better alternative to lecture to teach ethics in medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Beliefs and knowledge about sexuality affect sexual life related dynamics in postpartum period. This study was conducted in order to determine postpartum women's knowledge and beliefs about sexuality. Materials and Methods: The study had a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 400 women who gave birth in Antalya, Turkey. Data were collected with a data collection form developed by the researchers at face to face interviews. Results: The results of the study showed that 67% of women have right information about the restriction of sexual intercourse at postpartum period and the need of sexuality for women and 30.8% think that sexual intercourse should be resumed before 40 days. But it was determined that the sexual belief about dirtyness of postpartum women and necessity of waiting 40 days to resume sexual intercourse of the women were 88%. The proportion of women receiving information about sexuality at postpartum period were 50.8%. Women's myths about anal/oral intercourse were 67-75%. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined that women have lots of myths about postpartum sexuality and women's knowledge is insufficient. It can be recommended that knowledge and beliefs of postpartum women about sexuality should be evaluated and health care should be offered in accordance with their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women giving vaginal birth have always been provided support and care during the birth process. As technology has developed, health professionals have tended to focus on procedures rather than pregnant women, which have caused women to suspend from vaginal birth. Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify women's expectations from nurses of vaginal birth in Turkey. Materials and methods: In this phenomenological qualitative study, face-to-face in-depth interviews conducted with 12 participants, using semi-structured interview form. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling and maternity clinic of a university hospital was considered as the setting. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. The content analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Data are clustered into three main themes: physiological support needs, psychological support needs, and knowledge needs. Conclusion: This research has revealed important data about the expectations of the women from nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Turkish pediatricians concerning vitamin D supplement. Methods: The study was planned cross-sectional to be carried out between April-May 2015 in Turkey. A questionnaire form that determined the participants' opinions and practices concerning vitamin D supplement was completed via face-to-face interview. Results: A total of 107 pediatricians (49.3%) and 110 pediatric residents (50.7%) participated in the study. Of the physicians, 85.2% recommended vitamin D supplement for all infants and children regardless of diet, 13.4% recommended for the infants which are solely breastfed. Vitamin D supplement is recommended at a dose of 400 IU/day by 88.8% of pediatricians and by 90% of pediatric residents. Of the pediatricians and pediatric residents, 72% and 68.2%, respectively commence vitamin D supplement when the newborn is 15 days old. The rates of recommending vitamin D supplement until the age of one and two years were higher among pediatricians (48.6% and 41.1%, respectively) than pediatric residents (40.9% and 32.7%, respectively). The rate of starting vitamin D supplement for fontanelle closure was significantly higher among pediatric residents (15.5%) than pediatricians (3.7%) (p = 0.002). It was determined that the rate of prescribing vitamin D supplement until fontanelle closure was higher among pediatric residents (18.2%) than pediatricians (0.9%). Conclusions: The present study suggest that the knowledge of pediatricians about recommendation of vitamin D needs to be enhanced by education programs in addition to free vitamin D supplement provided by the Ministry of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge of athletics national team athletes about doping types used in sport and their views on anti-doping. Methods: Seven descriptive type studies were conducted with 73 athletes who participating in the Super League Final Competitions and Junior European Champion Club Cup competitions in the Activity Program of the Turkish Athletics Federation and agreeing to participate in the research. Survey form prepared by researchers was used as data collection tool. The data are expressed in numbers and percentages, using the chi-square test in the analysis. Results: 79.5% of the athletes stated that the most stimulants were used in the sport. This was followed by anabolic androgenic steroids with 68.5%, and anti-estrogenic agents with 65.8%. Approximately two-thirds of the athletes said they were well informed about doping by athletes, coaches and administrators (64.4%), and also they had knowledge about it (%64.4) and had read doping related publications (65.8%). In terms of anti-doping, athlethes find the activities satisfactory of the related institutions and organizations, in particular state (76.7%), federation (82.2%) and clubs (63.0%). Conclusion: As a result, it has been determined that among the participating athletes, the most common types of doping are in which stimulants and anabolic-androgenic steroids, and approximately two-thirds of the athletes said they were well informed about doping by athletes, coaches and administrators, and also think that they had knowledge about it, moreover more than half of the athletes find the activities of the related institutions and organizations satisfactory for the anti-doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The opinions of students regarding the attributes of a good nurse can make a major contribution to the planning and the conducting of professional education. There are few studies which aim at identifying the qualifications of a good nurse from the perspectives of nursing students. Objectives: To determine the opinions of first- and fourth-year nursing students concerning the 'attributes of a good nurse', and whether and how their views change depending on their year of study. Research design: Descriptive research. Participants and research context: This study was conducted in the nursing department of a vocational school of health in the 2010/2011 academic year. The study participants consisted of first-year and intern students. A survey form was used to identify characteristics of participants, and students were asked the following open-ended question about their opinions related to the attributes of a good nurse. Ethical considerations: The permission was taken from the school administration. Informed consent was obtained, and anonymity was ensured for participating students. Findings: A total of 120 students participated in this study. Most frequently expressed attributes were 'professional competence' in first-year and 'responsibility' in fourth-year students. While first-year students placed a greater emphasis on the attributes of 'geniality', 'patience', 'calmness', 'love of nursing', 'loyalty to nursing' and 'not attaching importance to material values', fourth-year students emphasized the attributes of 'empathy', 'honesty', 'responsibility' and 'scientific curiosity' significantly more. Discussion and conclusion: Fourth-year students placed a greater emphasis on the attributes which the students are expected to acquire through a nursing program and clinical experience. However, they mentioned the attributes related to a good nurse-patient relationship and communication significantly less. Appropriate ethical training methods and good role models can help students acquire attributes that are important for the nursing profession and combine them with the attributes they already have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Ultrasound scanning has become universally accepted tool in prenatal care. We sought to evaluate the knowledge and expectations of pregnant women in Turkey towards ultrasound use during pregnancy. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 108 pregnant women in Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. The subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of three sections: Sociodemographic characteristics, 13-question assessment of knowledge regarding the use of ultrasound during pregnancy, and assessment of expectations. The patients were awarded one point for every correct answer, with total scores categorized into three groups: 0-4 points insufficient, 5-8 points moderately sufficient, and 9-13 points sufficient. Comparisons were performed using the chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.6±4.9 years (18-39). Patient knowledge was insufficient in 34 participants (31.4%), moderately sufficient in 56 participants (51.9%), and sufficient in 18 participants (16.7%). Among respondents, 31.5% believed that structural abnormalities would be detected in at least 40%, while 99% expected to learn the gender of baby. Conclusion: The majority of our study population had insufficient to moderately sufficient knowledge regarding the use of ultrasound during pregnancy, with a high degree of misinformation regarding patient expectations. These results suggest a greater need for national education in terms of the diagnostic capabilities and limitations of pregnancy ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores implicit theory of intelligence ( TOI) as a moderator of stereotype activation effects on test performance for members of negatively stereotyped and of favourably stereotyped groups. In Germany, Turkish-origin migrants are stereotyped as low in verbal ability. We predicted that on a test diagnostic of verbal intelligence, endorsement of an entity TOI predicts stereotype threat effects for Turkish-origin students and stereotype lift effects for German students. This effect could account for some of the performance gap between immigrants and host society members after stereotype activation. Study 1 ( N = 107) established structural equivalence of implicit theories across the ethnic groups. In two experimental studies (Study 2: N = 182, Study 3: N = 190), we tested the moderating effect of TOI in a 2 (stereotype activation: diagnostic vs. non-diagnostic test) × 2 (ethnicity: German vs. Turkish migration background) experimental design. The results showed that when the test was described as diagnostic of verbal intelligence, higher entity theory endorsement predicted stereotype threat effects for Turkish-origin students (Study 2 and Study 3) and stereotype lift effects for German students (Study 3). The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for educational settings and theoretical implications for processes underlying stereotype activation effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently occurring mental disorders in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine diagnostic persistence three years after the first clinical evaluation and to investigate the factors relating to diagnostic persistence in children and adolescents with ADHD.Methods: The study included 183 children and adolescents who were evaluated in the first admission. Of 183 children and adolescents, 142 children and adolescents were evaluated in the second admission and only the data of 142 children and adolescents were analysed in the study. Diagnostic persistence was defined as having met the full criteria for ADHD on second evaluation. Symptom severity of ADHD was determined using the Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale-Parents Form (T-DSM-IV-S). Intelligence level was assessed through the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.Results: Of the children included in the study, 77.5% (n = 110) were determined to have ADHD diagnostic persistence. Low intelligence levels, younger age and higher T-DSM-IV-S inattention and conduct disorder scores were associated with diagnostic persistence. ADHD diagnosis in children and adolescents tends to continue at high rates.Conclusions: Determination of the risks related to ADHD diagnostic persistence may contribute to improved treatment planning and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted with 158 nursing students using the Homosexuality Attitudes Scale as a descriptive and explorative study to determine the attitudes of nursing students towards lesbians and gay males and the affecting factors. As a result, it was found that the students' attitudes were moderately homophobic; stronger religious belief, conversing with others about homosexuality and the idea of making friends with lesbians and gay males positively affected this attitude. It is thought that this study will help increase the awareness of working nurses and students at the school of nursing towards lesbians and gay males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this study to investigate the level of knowledge about hepatitis B and prevalence of HBsAg carriage in police and other security staff. Hepatitis B knowledge of police and other staff working for Adiyaman police department were measured using a questionnaire. This questionnaire was prepared after a literature search and was applied to 683 subjects before an education seminar . Fully and regularly filled 437 questionnaires were selected for evaluation. HBsAg and Anti HBs values of subjects were measured. Data were recorded to SPSS 16.0 package program. Chi square test was used for data analyses. Of all the study subjects 406 (92.9%) were males and 31 (7.1%) were females. Three hundred sixty subjects (82.3%) were police staff, 60 (13.7%) were public serveants, 15 (3.4%) were commissaries and 2 (0.05%) were nightmen. Mean age was 34.5 ± 7. Fifty four subjects gave correct answers to the question about transmission ways of hepatitis B. Three hundred eighty four subjects didn't have enough knowledge about transmission ways of this virus. HBsAg positivity was detected in 34 (7.7%) subjects. Three hundred twenty five (51,4%) subjects had adequate antibody level for immunity. As a result, we detected that knowledge level was inadequate and increased risk for infection in this profession. It was concluded that security staff should be educated regarding risks and screened for bloodborne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was based on knowledge sharing barriers about attitudes of physicians in Turkish health care system. The present study aims to determine whether the knowledge sharing barriers about attitudes of physicians vary depending on gender, position, departments at hospitals, and hospital ownership status. This study was planned and conducted on physicians at one public hospital, one university hospital, and one private hospital in Turkey. 209 physicians were reached for data collection. The study was conducted in June-September 2014. The questionnaire (developed by A. Riege, (J. Knowl. Manag. 9(3):18-35, )), five point Likert-type scale including 39 items having the potential of the physicians' knowledge- sharing attitudes and behaviors, was used in the study for data collection. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, student t test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. According to results of this study, there was medium level of knowledge sharing barriers within hospitals. In general, physicians had perceptions about the lowest level individual barriers, intermediate level organizational barriers and the highest level technological barriers perceptions, respectively. This study revealed that some knowledge sharing barriers about attitudes of physicians were significantly difference according to hospital ownership status, gender, position and departments. Most evidence medical decisions and evidence based practice depend on experience and knowledge of existing options and knowledge sharing in health care organizations. Physicians are knowledge and information-intensive and principal professional group in health care context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current descriptive study aimed to determine university students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccines in Turkey.Participants: A total of 800 students participated.Methods: This study was carried out between September 1, 2012, and October 30, 2012, in 8 female dormitories.Results: In response to the question “What are cervical cancer risk factors?” 10.0% of students said HPV; 90.9% were unaware of how to protect themselves from HPV. Of the students, 99.7% had not had an HPV vaccination, only 32.6% wanted to get an HPV vaccination, and 20.7% did not want to be vaccinated, as they believe it “might have adverse effects.”Conclusions: The results of the present study show that female university students have low levels of awareness and knowledge toward cervical cancer risk factors, HPV, and HPV vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Historically, sexual assault is a common issue in Turkey. As doctors are one of the steps to help sexually assaulted women, medical students should have basic knowledge of and sensitivity regarding this subject. Another common women's public health issue is induced abortion. In countries where access to abortion is restricted, there is a tendency towards unhealthy abortion. Aims: The aims of this study are: (1) to determine the attitudes and opinions of Marmara University Medical Faculty students about sexual assault against women and induced abortion and (2) to propose an educational program for medical students about sexual assault and abortion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The questionnaires were self-administered and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. First, the descriptive statistics were analyzed, followed by Chi-square for contingency tests assessing differences in attitudes toward sexual assault and induced abortion by factors such as gender and educational term. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: About 89.6% of the participants (n=266) reported that they had never been sexually assaulted and about 11.5% of the women (n=19) had been sexually assaulted. There was no significant relationship between previous sexual assault and gender (p>0.05). Although there was no significant difference regarding the extent of punishment by victim's status as a virgin, 21.3% (n=63) agreed that punishment should be more severe when the victim was a virgin. About 40.7% (n=120) agreed that the legal period of abortion in Turkey (10 weeks) should be longer. The majority (86.1%, n=255) agreed that legally prohibiting abortions causes an increase in unhealthy abortions. Conclusion: An educational program on these issues should be developed for medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the most frequent reasons for referral, the most common special interests, age at first referral to a mental health service, and the age of diagnosis in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome living in Turkey. Methods: This study includes 61 children and adolescents diagnosed with Asperger syndrome using strict DSM-IV criteria. Results: The mean age at first referral was 7.9 whereas the mean age when Asperger syndrome was diagnosed was 9.9, which is compatible with other studies. The most frequent reasons for the first referral were attention deficits, hyperactivity, and academic failure, and the most common special interest area was “electronic devices, computer, and technical interests.” Conclusions: The types of special interests and referral reasons in our Asperger syndrome sample are very similar to the interest areas and referral reasons of individuals with Asperger syndrome from developed western countries indicating the universality of symptoms. It could be concluded that children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome may refer to mental health services with a variety of symptoms; therefore, it is important to make a detailed assessment of social difficulties especially in school-age children and adolescents for the differential diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: While palliative care is becoming more important in today's health system, the major barrier to improving the quality of palliative care appears to be health professionals' lack of knowledge. The objective of this study is to evaluate medical students' knowledge on palliative care and their views on palliative care in clinical practice. Methods: This study was a descriptive, single-center, questionnaire-based survey conducted on fifth-year medical students. Questionnaires were distributed to 250 fifth-year medical students. The standard Palliative Care Knowledge Test was used to assess the level of knowledge in palliative care and a questionnaire was given that included 34 questions about their views on palliative care. The data of the 175 students who answered the questionnaires were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the students was 22.7±1.2, and 55.4% of them were male. Approximately 64.6% of the students stated that the education on palliative care was insufficient and 90.3% stated that they did not receive any training on communication skills regarding palliative care patients. Stating that the use of opioids was insufficient in cancer patients were 34.3%, with 54.3% saying that pain management was insufficient. Approximately 61% of them stated that they observed that the primary physicians did not do much and only monitored the disease and were not interested in symptom control, psychosocial support, or rehabilitation. The Palliative Care Knowledge Test results revealed a high percentage of incorrect answers about symptom control. Conclusions: It was observed that medical students trained to become tomorrow's physicians had inadequate knowledge on palliative care; the curriculum had a shortfall on this subject; and health professionals did not pay attention to this subject in clinical practice. The results of our study will provide guidance in preparing the curricula of health professionals and in planning the subjects of postgraduate education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following an extensive overview of the subject, this study explores the relationships between second-language (L2) explicit/implicit knowledge sources, embedded in the declarative/procedural memory systems, and L2 working memory (WM) capacity. It further examines the relationships between L2 reading comprehension and L2 WM capacity as well as those between L2 reading comprehension and L2 explicit/implicit knowledge sources. Participants were late adult learners of English as an L2, with a relatively advanced level of English proficiency. They completed tests measuring their WM capacity, explicit knowledge, implicit knowledge, and L2 reading comprehension. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between L2 WM capacity and both explicit and implicit L2 knowledge. Exploratory factor analysis showed that explicit knowledge, WM capacity, and L2 reading comprehension loaded on a single factor whereas implicit L2 knowledge formed an independent factor with no relationship to L2 reading. The results suggest that L2 WM is able to manipulate and store both explicit and implicit L2 input through controlled and automatic processes. They also suggest that L2 explicit knowledge, connected with the control processes of the declarative system's lexical/semantic features, and L2 WM, reflecting attentional resource capacity/allocation associated with control processes, play an important role in L2 reading comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]