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The IUIS Allergen Nomenclature list contains 406 allergens and 192 isoallergens. 329 allergenic molecules should be added if all those reported are classified (data from ww.allergome.org ). The clinical application of all these research products seems not to run in parallel. The aim of the present study is to evaluate how much of the work done by bench-side researchers has been clinically applied. Last 35-years selected papers were classified in ten categories: (a) biochemistry; (b) molecular biology; (c) immunochemistry; (d) basic immunology and genetic; (e) environmental detection; (f) epidemiology; (g) diagnosis; (h) immunotherapy. Papers in categories (a-d) were considered “bench-side” studies, whereas those in categories (e-h) were from the “bed-side”. A single paper may be classified in one or more categories. Within the 4550 selected papers, a bench-side aspect was reported 4767 times, whereas the clinical application of allergenic molecules was studied 1451 times (ratio 3.3/1). Papers were distributed as follows: (a) 1417 (31.1%); (b) 1208 (26.5%); (c) 1725 (37.9%); (d) 417 (9.2%); (e) 851 (18.7%); (f) 135 (3.0%); (g) 446 (9.8%); (h) 46 (1.0%). The analysis of the distribution showed a rise in reporting bench-side studies in the second part of the eighties, with an increase during the last ten years. A rise in the number of papers dealing with the clinical application of allergens is recorded in the late nineties. It seems that there is a historical gap between the isolation, identification, cloning and use in basic research of allergenic molecules, and their application by clinical allergist, even for research purposes only.

This is a condensed consensus report, summarizing the present status of various aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of venous ulcers. There are conflicting results regarding the prevalence of venous ulcers ranging from 0.18 to 1.3%, depending on the types of ulcers reported. With regard to macrovascular changes preceding venous leg ulceration, ambulatory venous hypertension is the common pathway, usually related to incompetent perforating veins and the deep venous system. Obstruction of the deep venous system seems to be less frequently related to venous ulcers. Microvascular changes have been recently studied in more detail; morphologic as well as functional changes are summarized and considered from the viewpoint of various hypotheses, including fibrin cuff, leukocyte adhesion, etc. Various investigational approaches are summarized and recommendations for the most cost-effective diagnostic tests are given. Finally, conservative medical as well as surgical treatment avenues are evaluated. Emphasis is given to the normalization of ambulatory venous pressure by sclerotherapy, ligation, or other surgical procedures, in addition to compression. The consensus report is concluded by detailed recommendations for future clinical trials.

Since 1975, Phase I/II studies have demonstrated the successfulness of hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of various malignancies of the skin, eye, bladder, lung, and head and neck. Moreover, in 1981 two cases of traditional Western cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (TKS) have been treated with photodynamic therapy with both early and late complete response. To date, attempts to cure and palliation of the more aggressive AIDS-related oral Kaposi's sarcoma with conventional radiation, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, or surgical excision have been limited and often associated with debilitating mucositis and further immunosuppression. Certain aspects of photodynamic therapy may be efficacious for treatment of mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma: (1) the selective retention of hematoporphyrin derivative by neoplastic lesions (endothelial cell tumors); (2) a tumor- specific cytotoxic agent (i.e., free oxygen radical); (3) absence of systemic toxicity from immunosuppression; (4) the potential for retreatment without increasing side effects; and (5) porphyrin-mediated photoinactivation of enveloped viruses. Herein presented are seven cases of AIDS-related KS (EKS) with diffuse, superficial, and nodular mucocutaneous lesions treated with dihematoporphyrin derivative and photodynamic therapy with subsequent dramatic early partial and complete responses.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

In severe cases of acne conglobata the use of substances which considerably reduce the sebum excretion rate, such as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is reasonable. To monitor the effect of such preparation a noninvasive and accurate method for measuring skin surface lipids (SSLs) is required. A new modified photometric quantification of SSLs sampled using the cigarette paper method based on reaction with phosphovanilic reagent was introduced. Our overall results indicate that a 3-h SSLs assessment measured photometrically is as accurate as the gravimetric technique; it is reproducible in situations with low and high levels of SSLs.

In this paper Professor Fleming describes several aspects of antiseptics. He begins by considering the influence of the medium on the antiseptic, and of far more relevance, the speed of disappearance of the antiseptic. He then describes the ineffectiveness of an antiseptic in sterilising and treating a septic wound, backing up his remarks with experimental evidence. His lecture then looks at the effect of chemical antiseptics on the body's normal protective mechanism, specifically how some antiseptics inhibit the antibacterial effect of protective fluids (such as saliva and tears) as well as the antibacterial action of leucocytes. At the conclusion of the lecture he mentions specificity, and prophetically remarks on how penicillin may be used in the future in the treatment of septic wounds.

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The development of rapid and dependable methods of paper electrophoresis for fractionation of serum proteins has brought a valuable contribution (1) to diagnostic laboratory procedures. Electrophoretic analysis in the pemphigus group of diseases has been made in the search of yet They generally agreed that in the acute form and in the extensive and severe cases of the disease the total protein and the albumin were decreased and the gamma globulin was increased. The results for the other fractions showed some discrepancies. The chronic or mild cases were TABLE I Number Age (years) Duration of Disease Last Shower of Bullae Sedimentation Rate (Wester- gren-mm/ hour) General Condition Albumin (%) Globulins Total Protein Albu-of Patients Alpha-l (%) Alpha-2 (%) Beta (%) Gamma (%) G?ob ulin 1 23 4 ys.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Background: Paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) can be burdensome, affecting mental health and impairing quality of life for children and caregivers. Comprehensive guidelines exist for managing paediatric AD, but practical guidance on using systemic therapy is limited, particularly for new therapies including biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, recently approved for various ages in this indication. Objectives: This expert consensus aimed to provide practical recommendations within this advancing field to enhance clinical decision-making on the use of these and other systemics for children and adolescents aged ≥2 years with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods: Nineteen physicians from Northern Europe were selected for their expertise in managing childhood AD. Using a two-round Delphi process, they reached full or partial consensus on 37 statements. Results: Systemic therapy is recommended for children aged ≥2 years with a clear clinical diagnosis of severe AD and persistent disease uncontrolled after optimizing non-systemic therapy. Systemic therapy should achieve long-term disease control and reduce short-term interventions. Recommended are cyclosporine A for short-term use (all ages) and dupilumab or methotrexate for long-term use (ages ≥6 years). Consensus was not reached on the best long-term systemics for children aged 2–6 years, although new systemic therapies will likely become favourable: New biologics and JAK inhibitors will soon be approved for this age group, and more trial and real-world data will become available. Conclusions: This article makes practical recommendations on the use of systemic AD treatments for children and adolescents, to supplement international and regional guidelines. It considers the systemic medication that was available for children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD at the time this consensus project was done: azathioprine, cyclosporine A, dupilumab, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and oral glucocorticosteroids. We focus on the geographically similar Northern European countries, whose healthcare systems, local preferences for AD management and reimbursement structures nonetheless differ significantly.

Aim: To investigate which of three pressure ulcer risk assessment tools is most suitable for assessing the risk of patients admitted to a palliative care unit. Method: A prospective cross-sectional study with data collected at admission and discharge or death on all consenting patients admitted over a 12-week period. Data included the risk assessment score of the currently used Waterlow tool, the Walsall tool used by the community nurses, the Hunters Hill palliative care tool!, skin condition and mattress in use. Results: A total of 74 patients took part, of whom 38 had pressure damage on admission, although for 68% this was grade 1. The Walsall tool had the highest sensitivity (89%), compared to the Waterlow (34%) and Hunters Hill (18%). The Hunters Hill tool had the higher specificity at 83%, compared to the Waterlow tool (67%) currently in use. The Kappa test indicated substantial agreement between the assessed risk and the nurses' clinical judgment of risk in relation to the Walsall tool (Kappa = 0.75) and the Hunters Hill tool (Kappa = 0.73), but only fair agreement for the Waterlow tool (Kappa = 0.38).

Introduction Recent changes in terminology have recognized that cervical smears may contain cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, suspicious for high grade dyskaryosis, which are not definitively diagnostic. Aims The correlation of cyopathological features present in a prospective series of cervical smears diagnosed as ‘borderline nuclear change – high grade dyskaryosis not excluded’ (BNCH) with clinical and histological follow-up. Methods We have been using the BNCH diagnosis in our practice since June 1999. Cases of BNCH between June 1999 and June 2002 were retrieved from computerized laboratory records. Questionnaires were sent to referring clinicians regarding clinical follow-up, including results of colposcopy, histology and follow-up smears. Smears were reviewed for the presence of microbiopsies or single atypical cells. Numbers of atypical cells were quantified as less than/equal to or greater than 3. Results A total of 106 reports on conventional cervical smears diagnosed as BNCH from 1999 to 2002 were retrieved; they comprised of 0.098% of a total of 107 634 smears screened over that period. Clinical follow-up, with histology (n = 54), colposcopy (n = 26) or repeat cytology (n = 10), was available in 88 of 106 cases. Thirty-one (35%) showed a high grade abnormality (CIN2, CIN3 or invasive squamous or adenocarcinomas), 15 (17%) showed a borderline/low grade abnormality (repeat BNCH or CIN1) and 42 (48%) were negative. Eighty-seven of these were reviewed cytologically (Table 1. Table 1). Table Table 1. . Microbiopsies Single cells Both Total High grade 6 18 7 31 BNC/low grade 3 8 4 15 Negative 6 31 4 41 Total 15 57 15 87 Conclusions The BNCH category has a substantial yield of high grade abnormalities on follow-up, which may be greater in cases where atypical cells are pre-dominantly within microbiopsies. These findings support the introduction of the BNCH terminology.

Carbonless copy paper (CCP) has been reported to be able to cause type I immediate reactions, especially in the airways. Within a 2-year period, four female patients were seen with chronic dermatitis on their palms, resembling dermatitis known as infectious or chronic dermatitis of unknown origin. One of them also had rhinitis. All four were office-workers and handled CCP for several hours per day. In contact urticaria tests with the upper CCP sheet and the back side towards the patients’ skin, tiny wheals and erythema appeared in all four cases. RASTs were performed with the sera of three patients, using four different CCP brands. The RAST value was slightly greater (1.5 kU/l) in one patient’s serum than in any of three control sera (maximum 0.6 kU/l). All four patients were able to continue their work by reducing contact with the paper. The present findings suggest that immediate-type skin reactions appearing as contact urticaria and chronic hand dermatitis may be more common than has been assumed.

The first detailed description of an epicutaneous test in a case of allergy was probably in 1847 by Stadeler, a chemist at the University of Gottingen. A review of the history of the tests is given; touch and other investigations such as Stadeler's blotting paper strip, Jadassohn's application method (1895) and Fabre's blotting-paper square (1897).

Instances of contact dermatitis from free formaldehyde in textiles continue to be reported from abroad, especially from the Scandinavian countries. 1-3 In the United States, a single report of dermatitis due to formaldehyde in paper has appeared. 4 Various formaldehyde resins are widely used for impregnating certain textiles in order to make them crease-resistant, crush-resistant, shrink-resistant, water-repellant, etc. Similarly formaldehyde compounds are used to add "wet strength" to paper. Such paper includes certain facial tissues and paper towels. The usual principle for resin treatment is the impregnation of the textile in a bath consisting of a resin precondensate and a catalyst. Drying and curing at a high temperature then takes place. This is followed by washing to remove the catalyst and uncondensed resin and excess free formaldehyde. The result of this process is the formation within the textile fiber of a thermosetting resin which makes the fiber crease-resistant, etc. and

Two patients, a plumbing and central heating designer and a master builder, contracted photocontact dermatitis from handling photocopies of construction designs in their work. The course of the dermatitis was somewhat misleading in both cases: the dermatitis of one was not consistent with photoaggravated dermatitis, and in the other case a typical photodermatitis developed only 1½ years after the first signs of the dermatitis. The actual cause of the dermatitis in both patients was thiourea + UV-A. Thiourea, which is used to coat some photocopy papers in order to protect them from turning yellow, should be borne in mind as a possible photoallergen.

Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin disorder that is conservatively estimated to affect between 1% and 2% of the population in the United States, not including mild cases. Despite the fact that psoriasis is one of the more common skin conditions requiring medical attention, it is poorly understood by the general public. This lack of information or misinformation on the part of health care administrators and insurers can affect the medical treatment of psoriasis and concomitant reimbursement in a manner that may be inappropriate and/or inadvertently deleterious to the patient's health care. The Committee on Psoriasis of the American Academy of Dermatology has sought to address this void. The Committee on Psoriasis is comprised of several dermatologists from the major academic medical centers in the United States. The combined expertise of this group reflects decades of experience in research, diagnosis, and treatment of psoriasis, as well as other skin diseases. This group has approved the "White Paper on Hospitalization for Psoriasis Care" as a straightforward, accurate, and well-documented source of information on psoriasis and psoriasis care. The purpose of this document is to explore the relevant medical aspects of the disease, its treatment modalities and their associated risks, and the outcomes of care.

Inflammatory and nasal-sinus tumor pathology is a field of great interest in rhinology worldwide. The aim of the paper is to determine the prevalence of nasal and nasal-sinus inflammatory diseases, as well as nasal and nasosinusal rhinosinusitis tumors, in association or not with inflammatory diseases, using histopathological (HP) examination. It is also desired to identify the association of chronic inflammatory pathology with the tumor one, considering inflammation and immunodeficiency as local susceptibility factors. A retrospective study was performed on a group of 254 patients hospitalized between 2018-2019 in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Emergency County Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania. Based on the clinical and HP examination, the distribution by inflammatory pathologies was made as follows: 175 nasal polyposis, 108 chronic rhinitis, 39 sinusitis - strictly affecting the sinus and 28 chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis - nasal and sinus association. Considering the evaluation of the incidence of benign tumor pathology, the following were found: out of the total examined cases, 4% squamous papilloma, 4% exophytic papilloma, 44% Schneiderian papilloma, 4% benign fibrous histiocytoma, 18% hemangioma, 4% hamartoma, and 4% osteoma were identified. The incidence of malignant tumors is 26% squamous cell carcinoma, 12% intestinal adenocarcinoma, 2% nonintestinal type adenocarcinoma, 2% large B-cell lymphoma, 2% plasma cell, 2% olfactory neuroblastoma, 7% malignant melanoma, 16% basal cell carcinoma. The paper draws attention to the increased incidence of tumor and inflammatory pathology both individually and in combination, considering the involvement of the clinical correlation with the HP result completed, if necessary, with immunohistochemical examinations, for a precise diagnosis.