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Melasma is a common disorder of hyperpigmentation that presents a therapeutic challenge for clinical dermatologists. The pathogenesis is complex, but previous studies have demonstrated vascular proliferation is a key factor in the development of the classic hyperpigmented patches. Studies have revealed reduction of erythema by oral tranexamic acid; however, there has been no direct comparison to placebo. This 24‐week randomised placebo‐controlled trial demonstrates oral tranexamic acid may improve erythema in melasma. This mechanism of action may be the reason for the success of tranexamic acid in complex and difficult to treat melasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly revised Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines recommends that all infants, including those at high risk of allergy, be introduced foods traditionally considered allergenic (such as peanut butter, dairy, wheat and egg) within the first year of life. High-risk infants are those with early onset eczema (<3- months old) or with moderate to severe eczema not responding to treatment (<6-months old). Eczema can also represent a symptom of allergy presentation and the recommended introduction of some foods in this group may lead to allergic reactions at home. Although there have been no reported deaths from gradual food introduction to infants at home and cohort studies have only reported mild to moderate reactions, there is anecdotal evidence that more severe reactions can occur rarely. Allergic reactions, even if they are not life-threatening, can be a terrifying experience for parents. Dermatologists play an important role when dealing with high-risk infants in promoting the message of early allergenic food introduction yet also instigating appropriate allergy testing when necessary. This short review aims to provide an update to Australasian dermatologists on the newly revised Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines and provide a food allergy screening pathway for high-risk infants prior to commencement of allergenic foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]