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Time-varying confounding is a common challenge for causal inference in observational studies with time-varying treatments, long follow-up periods, and participant dropout. Confounder adjustment using traditional approaches can be limited by data sparsity, weight instability, and computational issues. The Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study is a prospective cohort study, and we used data from 21 data collection cycles carried out from 1999 to 2008 among 1294 students recruited from 10 high schools in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, including follow-up into adulthood. Our aim in this study was to estimate associations of timing of alcohol initiation and cumulative duration of alcohol use with depression symptoms in adulthood. Based on the target trials framework, we defined intention-to-treat and as-treated parameters in a marginal structural model with sex as a potential effect-modifier. We then used the observational data to emulate the trials. For estimation, we used pooled longitudinal target maximum likelihood estimation, a plug-in estimator with double-robust and local efficiency properties. We describe strategies for dealing with high-dimensional potential drinking patterns and practical positivity violations due to a long follow-up time, including modifying the effect of interest by removing sparsely observed drinking patterns from the loss function and applying longitudinal modified treatment policies to represent the effect of discouraging drinking., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Purpose: The association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms is well-established, but the role of coping style in this association is less clear. We examined whether problem-focused, emotion-focused or avoidant coping style mediated and/or moderated the association in young adults., Methods: Data were drawn from a 20-year longitudinal study that included 1294 students' age 12-13 years recruited in 1999-2000 from ten high schools in Montreal, Canada. Herein we report an analysis that included 782 participants aged 24 years on average with data on covariates collected at age 20. Using VanderWeele's four-way decomposition approach, the total effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms considering coping styles was decomposed into four components: moderation only, mediation only, mediated interaction, no mediation or moderation., Results: We observed mediation only by emotion-focused coping ([Formula: see text](95%CI) = 0.15(0.04, 0.24)) suggestive that individuals who experienced more stressful life events also reported greater use of emotion-focused coping and higher levels of depressive symptoms. We found moderation only by problem-focused coping ([Formula: see text](95%CI) = - 1.51(- 2.40, - 0.53)) and by emotion-focused coping ([Formula: see text](95%CI) = 1.16(0.57, 1.69). These results suggest that individuals reporting more problem-focused coping experienced fewer depressive symptoms after exposure to stressful life events; those reporting more emotion-focused coping experienced more depressive symptoms. Avoidant coping did not mediate or moderate the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms., Conclusion: Interventions that aim to reduce depressive symptoms in young adults who experience stressful life events may need to reinforce problem-focused coping and minimize emotion-focused coping strategies., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)

Purpose: In young people, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms are related, but the temporal ordering of the relationship is an open question. Previous studies have not disaggregated influences of interindividual and intraindividual components affecting the relationship. We investigated whether a reciprocal relationship between frequency of alcohol use and depressive symptoms exists in the general population of adolescents after removing interindividual influences., Methods: A total of 1,293 Canadian adolescents provided data on depressive symptoms and frequency of alcohol use every 3 months from grade 7 to 11 (1999-2005) for a total of 20 cycles. We used latent curve models with structured residuals, which disaggregate interindividual and intraindividual components to assess the directionality of the relationship., Results: Both drinking frequency and depressive symptoms increased linearly and quadratically over time, with significant interindividual variation around the origin and rate of change. Intercepts and slopes for drinking frequency and depressive symptoms differed by sex and age. After controlling for sex, age, maternal education, sensation seeking, impulsivity and clustering by school, a significant positive association was observed between depressive symptoms and drinking frequency 3 months later (.032 [.004, .060]; p = .024), but no association was observed between drinking frequency and subsequent depressive symptoms (.011 [-.006 to .029]; p = .193)., Conclusions: Our data provide longitudinal evidence that changes in depressive symptoms exceeding one's "normal" level predict increases in drinking frequency. This suggests that teaching youth to recognize and cope with mood changes would be worthwhile., (Copyright © 2019 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: We investigated whether secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of children., Methods: Never-smoking students from 29 French-language elementary schools in Greater Montréal, Canada, were followed from 5th to 11th grade (2005-2011) in five waves: 1 (5th grade), 2 (spring 6th grade), 3 (7th grade), 4 (9th grade), and 5 (11th grade). Associations between depressive symptoms and SHS exposure at home and in cars were examined in cross-sectional and longitudinal gamma generalized regression models adjusted for sex, maternal education, and neighborhood socioeconomic status., Results: The sample comprised 1553 baseline never-smokers (mean [SD] age = 10.7 [0.5] years; 44% male; 89% French-speaking). SHS exposure at home and in cars was associated with higher depressive symptom scores in cross-sectional analyses pooled across grades and adjusted for demographics (B [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.041 [0.017 to 0.068] for home exposure; 0.057 [0.030 to 0.084] for car exposure). In longitudinal analyses from fifth to sixth grade, B (95% CI), adjusted for demographics and baseline depressive symptoms, was 0.042 (0.003 to 0.080) for home exposure and 0.061 (0.019 to 0.103) for car exposure. From sixth to seventh grade, B (95% CI) was 0.057 (0.003 to 0.110) for home exposure and 0.074 (0.015 to 0.133) for car exposure. SHS exposure at any age did not predict depressive symptoms 2 years later., Conclusions: SHS exposure is associated with depressive symptoms in young persons, both concurrently and 1 year later. This finding adds to the evidence base supporting that children should be protected from SHS exposure., Implications: SHS exposure has deleterious effects on physical health and results of this study raise concerns that such exposure might also affect the mental health of young persons. Clearly, protecting children from SHS in all locations is a critical public health priority. Although research is needed to determine if the association between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms is causal, continued implementation of smoking bans and educational efforts to discourage smoking in vehicles when children are present are warranted., (© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The objectives of this study were to describe the cross-sectional associations between body-related self-conscious emotions and depressive symptoms in young adults and examine self-esteem as a moderator of these associations. Data from a population-based sample of 811 young adults were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate linear regression analysis. Body-related shame ( β = .26) and guilt ( β = .25) were positively related to frequency of depressive symptoms. Self-esteem was negatively related to frequency of depressive symptoms ( β = -.46). Self-esteem moderated the association between body-related guilt and frequency of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest promoting self-esteem may help to reduce the negative effects of body-related guilt on depressive symptoms.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and depressive symptoms in women after treatment for breast cancer., Method: Accelerometer data on MVPA and self-report data on frequency of depressive symptoms were collected five times at ∼ 3-month intervals from women (Mage at Time 1 = 55.01 ± 10.96 years) who had completed treatment for breast cancer 3 months prior to study inception. Data were analyzed using latent growth modeling with structured residuals., Results: Levels of MVPA decreased, on average, by .52 min every 3 months (p < .001), whereas the frequency of depressive symptoms was stable. MVPA was inversely and significantly related cross-sectionally with depressive symptoms, but not longitudinally. Also, there was no evidence of a bidirectional predictive relationship between MVPA and depressive symptoms., Conclusion: Although higher levels of MVPA were associated with less frequent depressive symptoms cross-sectionally in women after treatment for breast cancer, MVPA did not predict frequency of depressive symptoms or vice versa. Common etiologic or shared risk factors underpinning the cross-sectional relationships between depressive symptoms and MVPA should be studied across the transition from treatment to survivorship. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).)

There is growing interest in physical activity (PA) to prevent mental disorders in youth. However, few studies examine the association between PA and mental health. Further, how PA volume and context relate to mental health and mental disorders remains unclear, especially among youth in transition to adulthood. This study examined the cross-sectional associations among PA volume and context, mental health, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in post-secondary students. A total of 1527 post-secondary students (97.4% were age 16-24years) recruited in a CEGEP in Quebec, Canada completed a self-report questionnaire during class-time in October 2013. Multivariate linear regression was used to model the associations between PA volume and context and mental health, anxiety and depression controlling for sex, age and perceived socioeconomic status. Volume of moderate-to-vigorous leisure time PA (MVPA) was positively associated with mental health (β (95% CI)=0.072 (0.045, 0.099)) and inversely associated with symptoms of anxiety (-0.011 (-0.020, -0.001)) and depression (-0.010 (-0.017, -0.003)). Volume including all PA intensities was associated with mental health (0.052 (0.028, 0.076)). After controlling for PA volume, active youth involved in team sports had better mental health than those who engaged in PA individually. PA volume and the social context of PA are independently associated with mental health among youth. MVPA is inversely associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal and unique association between number of years of team sport and individual sport participation during adolescence and depressive symptoms during early adulthood. Adolescents (n = 860) reported team sport and individual sport participation in each year of secondary school for five years. Participants reported depressive symptoms using the Major Depression Inventory three years after secondary school. Multivariate linear regression was performed to model the associations of sport participation with depressive symptoms while controlling for sex, age, parent education, and baseline depressive symptoms. In the final model, adolescents who consistently participated in team sport during high school reported lower depression scores in early adulthood (β = -.09, p = .02). Number of years of individual sport participation was not statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms in early adulthood. Based on these findings, team sport participation may protect against depressive symptoms in early adulthood. If this finding is replicated, strategies should be implemented to encourage and maintain team sport participation during adolescence. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that link team sport participation to lower depression.

Objective: To determine if separation from a father is associated with short-term changes in mental health or substance use in adolescents., Methods: Every 3 months, during a 5-year period, we followed 1160 Grade 7 students participating in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study who were living with both parents. Participants who reported not living with their father for 6 or more consecutive months during follow-up were categorized as separated from father. Pooled regressions within the framework of generalized estimating equations were used to model the associations between separation from father and indicators of mental health (depressive symptoms, and worry and [or] stress about family relationships or the family situation) and substance use (alcohol use and cigarette smoking) 4 to 6 and 7 to 9 months postseparation, controlling for age, sex, and baseline level of the outcome variable., Results: Compared with adolescents living with both parents, adolescent offspring separated from their fathers were more likely to report depressive symptoms (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.33) 4 to 6 months postseparation, as well as worry and (or) stress about their parents separating or divorcing (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.29 to 4.43), a new family (OR 4.25, 95% CI 2.33 to 7.76), and the family financial situation (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.60). Separation from father was also marginally significantly related to worry and (or) stress about their relationship with their father (OR 1.53; 95% CI 0.98 to 2.39). At 7 to 9 months postseparation, separation from father continued to be associated with worry and (or) stress about their parents separating or divorcing, a new family, and the family financial situation. Separation from father was no longer associated with worry and (or) stress about their relationship with their father, but it was associated with worry and (or) stress about their relationship with their mother. Separation from father was not related to use of alcohol or cigarettes., Conclusion: Adolescent offspring experienced family-related stress and transient depression symptoms in the 4- to 9-month period following separation from their fathers.

Introduction: The relationship between the onset of smoking and the onset of depression among adolescents has been well document, but the mechanisms underlying the relationship are unclear. This paper uses an empirical method to assess potential intermediate variables in the pathway between changes in depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking in a longitudinal cohort of adolescents., Methods: 837 participants from a cohort in Montreal, Canada who had not smoked and did not have elevated depressive symptoms at baseline were followed for five years from 1999 to 2003. The role of a set of 15 variables previously identified in the literature as potential confounders were systematically evaluated as predictors of exposure and outcome, for attenuation of the association by more than 10%, and for intra-individual change in the variable after onset of exposure., Results: The magnitude of the association between smoking and depressive symptoms was fully attenuated after adjustment for all variables included indiscriminately. A concept map was developed detailing the empirical associations between the variables within this data set. Stress, worry about weight, and worry about parents were identified as intermediate variables for both smoking predicting depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms predicting smoking. Cox regressions with appropriate confounders maintained statistical significance., Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is associated with higher depressive symptoms prior to and after inclusion of empirical confounders. Inclusion of intermediate variables in multivariable models can lead to the erroneous conclusion that there is no association between smoking and depression., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This longitudinal study examined the association between participation in school sport during adolescence and mental health in early adulthood., Methods: Adolescents (n = 853) reported participation in school sport in each grade throughout the 5 years of secondary school. In early adulthood, participants reported depressive symptoms, level of stress, and self-rated mental health., Results: Involvement in school sport during adolescence was a statistically significant predictor of lower depression symptoms, lower perceived stress, and higher self-rated mental health in young adulthood., Conclusions: School sport participation may protect against poor mental health in early adulthood. Policies to increase school sport participation may be warranted as part of public health strategies to promote mental health., (Copyright © 2014 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To test if motivational regulations (i.e., amotivation, external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic) mediate the association between depression symptoms and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young adults., Method: A total of 319 young adults from Montreal, Quebec participating in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study provided self-report data on depression symptoms at age 20 (SD=0.7 years) and motivational regulations at age 24 (SD=0.7 years). MVPA was assessed using a self-report questionnaire at age 20 (i.e., at the same time motivation was measured) and using accelerometers one month later. Multiple mediation analysis with bootstrapping was employed to analyze the data., Results: Controlling for age, sex and self-reported MVPA at age 20 years; introjected regulation was a significant mediator of the association between depression symptoms and MVPA (R(2) adj=0.12; point estimate=-0.0011; BCa CI=-0.15 to -0.01)., Conclusion: Depression symptoms may undermine controlling forms of motivation, resulting in decreased MVPA. Intervention strategies may be needed to address depression symptoms in young adults to promote sustained MVPA., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study examined (1) the factor structure of a depressive symptoms scale (DSS), (2) the sex and longitudinal invariance of the DSS, and (3) the predictive validity of the DSS scale during adolescence in terms of predicting depression and anxiety symptoms in early adulthood., Methods: Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 1,293 adolescents., Results: The analytical sample included 527 participants who provided complete data or had minimal missing data over follow-up. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that an intercorrelated three-factor model with somatic, depressive, and anxiety factors provided the best fit. Further, this model was invariant across sex and time. Finally, DSS scores at Time 3 correlated significantly with depressive and anxiety symptoms measured at Time 4., Conclusions: Results suggest that the DSS is multidimensional and that it is a suitable instrument to examine sex differences in somatic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms, as well as changes in these symptoms over time in adolescents. In addition, it could be used to identify individuals at-risk of psychopathology during early adulthood.

Objective: A habitual sedentary lifestyle is associated with adverse health outcomes; however, the predictors of sedentary behaviors have not been sufficiently explored to inform the development and delivery of effective interventions to reduce sedentary behaviors. This study examined whether reports of symptoms of depression could predict weekly time spent in sedentary behaviors (i.e., television watching, computer use) 4years later., Method: Self-reported symptoms of depression were assessed at age 20years (2007-08), and television watching time and computer use were assessed at age 24years (2011-12) in 761 adults (45% men) participating in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study. Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis, with separate models for men and women., Results: After controlling for past sedentary behavior, symptoms of depression at age 20years predicted more computer use 4years later in men (R(2)=.21, β=.13, p<.05), but not in women. Symptoms of depression did not predict television watching., Conclusions: Results highlight the need to distinguish between types of sedentary behaviors as their predictors may differ. Further, they provide support for the hypothesis that psychological factors, in this case symptoms of depression, may relate to select sedentary behaviors in young men., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine depressive symptom trajectories during adolescence as predictors of physical activity (PA) in young adulthood., Methods: Adolescents residing in Montreal, Canada (n=860) reported their depressive symptoms every 3-4 months during high school in 20 data collections. Three years later, participants reported engaging in moderate and vigorous intensity PA and team sports participation. Trajectories of depressive symptoms were estimated using latent growth modeling and examined as predictors of PA outcomes., Results: Three depression symptom trajectory groups were identified during adolescence: low and declining depressive symptom scores (group 1; 37.8%); moderate and stable depressive symptom scores (group 2; 41.6%); and high increasing depressive symptom scores (group 3; 20.6%). In multivariable analyses, group 2 and group 3 participated in less moderate-intensity PA and were less likely to participate in team sports compared to group 1., Conclusions: The importance of examining intensity and type of PA as outcomes of depressive symptoms is highlighted. Targeted approaches are needed to encourage adolescents with moderate to high depression symptoms to engage in PA and team sports to improve their health and well-being., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to assess (1) the longitudinal associations of past moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and involvement in team sports during secondary school with depressive symptoms in early adulthood, and (2) the cross-sectional associations of current MVPA and involvement in team sports with depressive symptoms during young adulthood., Methods: Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study, which is an ongoing prospective cohort study of 1293 adolescents aged 12-13 years at baseline (52% female). Data analyses involved latent growth curve modeling and multiple hierarchical linear regression models., Results: Current MVPA (β = -0.12), but not past MVPA, participation was significantly negatively related to depressive symptoms during young adulthood (P < .05). Both current and past involvement in team sports were significantly negatively related to depressive symptoms (β ≥ -0.09; P < .05); however, these associations were no longer significant (P = .08) when covariates were controlled for., Conclusions: Findings provide insight about the unique associations between the timing and type of physical activity and depressive symptoms, suggesting that physical activity within team sport contexts should be encouraged so that young adults may experience less depressive symptoms., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Stressful life events are associated with mood disorders in adults in clinical settings. Less described in the literature is the association between common life stressors and a wide range of psychopathology in young adolescents. This study uses a large non-clinical sample of young adolescents to describe the associations among worry or stress about common life events/difficulties, mental health and substance use., Methods: Data on lifetime stress or worry about common life events/difficulties (i.e., romantic breakups, family disruption, interpersonal difficulties, and personal stress (health, weight, school work)), symptoms of depression, conduct disorder symptoms, and substance use were collected from 1025 grade 7 students (mean age 12.9 years; 45% male). The association between each source of stress and each mental health and substance use indicator was modeled in separate logistic regression analyses., Results: The proportion of adolescents reporting worry or stress ranged from 7% for new family to 53% for schoolwork. Romantic breakup stress was statistically significantly associated with all the mental health and substance use indicators except illicit drug use. Family disruption was statistically significantly associated with depression symptoms, marijuana use, and cigarette use. Interpersonal difficulties stress was statistically significantly associated with depression symptoms. All sources of personal stress were statistically significantly related to depression symptoms. In addition, health-related stress was inversely related to binge drinking., Conclusion: Young adolescents may benefit from learning positive coping skills to manage worry or stress about common stressors and in particular, worry or stress related to romantic breakups. Appropriate management of mental health symptoms and substance use related to common stressful life events and difficulties may help reduce emerging psychopathology.

Smoking to alleviate negative affect or improve physiological functioning (i.e., self-medication) is one explanation for the association between depression and smoking in adolescents. This study tests whether using cigarettes to improve mood or physiological functioning is associated with the onset, and change over time, of elevated depressive symptoms. Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study which followed 1293 participants initially aged 12-13 years in Montreal, Canada every three months for five years. The subsample included 662 adolescents who had been current smokers (reported smoking during the previous three months) at any point during the study. Survival analysis was used to test whether self-medication scores predicted onset of elevated depressive symptoms. Changes over time in depressive symptom scores relative to self-medication scores were modeled in growth curve analyses controlling for sex and number of cigarettes smoked per week. Smokers who reported higher self-medication scores had higher depressive symptom scores. The interaction between self-medication scores and the acceleration rate in depressive symptom scores was significant and negative, suggesting that participants with higher self-medication scores had decelerated rates of change in depression over time compared to participants with lower self-medication scores. Smoking appears to be ineffective at reducing depressive symptoms. These findings are consistent with a version of the Positive Resource Model that suggests that smoking will not lower depressive symptoms, but could slow the rate of change over time. Alternatively, the perceived positive benefits may be the result of alleviation of symptoms of withdrawal and craving resulting from abstinence. The self-medication scale may identify a population at risk of increased levels of depressive symptoms., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: One potential mechanism to explain the association of depression and cardiovascular mortality is through increased inflammation. Adolescents typically have high levels of depressive symptoms, but the association of depression and levels of inflammation has not been examined within this age group., Purpose: The objective was to study the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and depressive symptoms in youth., Method: Data were available for 1,535 adolescents aged 13 and 16 years obtained in a province-wide survey of a representative sample of youth in Quebec, Canada in 1999. Data on depressive symptoms were collected in self-report questionnaires. Participants provided a fasting blood sample, and anthropometric measures were undertaken by trained technicians., Results: For each unit increase in the depression score, the odds ratio for elevated hs-CRP (i.e., > or =90th percentile value of the age- and sex-specific CRP distribution) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval 0.79, 1.42) after adjustment for age, sex, ever smoked, language, body mass index, physical inactivity, use of medication, total cholesterol concentration, triglycerides concentration, and systolic blood pressure., Conclusion: These data do not support an association between depressive symptoms and elevated CRP in adolescents.

Background: It is well-established that smoking and depression are associated in adolescents, but the temporal ordering of the association is subject to debate., Methods: Longitudinal studies in English language which reported the onset of smoking on depression in non clinical populations (age 13-19) published between January 1990 and July 2008 were selected from PubMed, OVID, and PsychInfo databases. Study characteristics were extracted. Meta-analytic pooling procedures with random effects were used., Results: Fifteen studies were retained for analysis. The pooled estimate for smoking predicting depression in 6 studies was 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.40; p < 0.001). The pooled estimate for depression predicting smoking in 12 studies was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.63; p < 0.001). Studies that used clinical measures of depression were more likely to report a bidirectional effect, with a stronger effect of depression predicting smoking., Conclusion: Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that the association between smoking and depression is bidirectional. To better estimate these effects, future research should consider the potential utility of: (a) shorter intervals between surveys with longer follow-up time, (b) more accurate measurement of depression, and (c) adequate control of confounding.

Background: Movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviors [SB], sleep) relate to mental health. Although movement behaviors are often analyzed as distinct entities, they are in fact highly inter‐dependent (e.g., if an individual increases sleep, then PA and/or SB must be reduced) and these dependencies should be accounted for in the analysis. We tested whether perceptions of time spent in movement behaviors (i.e., moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], SB, and sleep) related to depressive symptoms and self‐report mental health in young adults using a compositional analysis. We then estimated change in depressive symptoms with reallocation of time across movement behaviors using compositional time‐reallocation models. Methods: Data were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT dataset. Complete data were available for 770 young adults (Mage = 20.3, 55% females). Results: The proportion of time spent in MVPA relative to other movement behaviors related to depressive symptoms non‐significantly and to mental health significantly. Reallocating 15 min from MVPA to SB resulted in a significant (0.46 unit) increase in depressive symptoms, and reallocating 15 min of MVPA to LPA was associated with a (0.57) increase in depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of relative time spent in each movement behavior to mental health. Further research should examine these associations over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined relationships between pattern of team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (ie, non‐participants, initiators, discontinuers, sustainers) and indicators of mental health. Data on team sport participation and mental health from high school to young adulthood were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT study. After controlling for demographics, physical activity, and previous mental health, one‐way MANCOVA and ANCOVAs indicated that pattern of team sport participation was associated with stress, F(2,706) =8.28, p <.01, and coping, F(2,706) = 10.66, p <.01 in young adulthood. Compared to non‐participants (24% of sample) or those who discontinued team sport after adolescence (51%), individuals who sustained team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood (22%) reported lower stress and better coping levels. Bivariate regression analysis indicated that, compared to non‐participants, team sport sustainers were less likely to experience panic disorder symptoms (OR =0.57, 95% CI [0.34, 0.94], p =.03). There were too few team sport initiators (2%) to be included in analyses. Sustained team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood may promote better mental health. Further research is needed to ascertain causality and develop strategies to encourage individuals to join sport teams during adolescence and sustain participation while transitioning to young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Binge drinking occurs frequently among young adults, posing risks to health and safety. Little is known, however, about which drinkers continue to binge later into adulthood. We sought to identify predictors of sustained binge drinking behaviors in young adulthood. Methods Participants from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens ( NDIT) cohort ( n = 609, 53% female) completed self-report questionnaires in 20 survey cycles ( SCs) during secondary school between 1999 and 2005, and in 2 postsecondary school SCs in 2007 to 2008 ( SC 21; Mage = 20 years) and 2011 to 2012 ( SC 22; Mage = 24 years). Participants reporting past-year binge drinking in both SCs 21 and 22 were categorized as sustainers ( n = 517). Using multivariable logistic regression, we investigated 25 potential predictors of sustained binge drinking, binge-drinking frequency, and change in frequency over time among sustainers. Results Compared with stoppers, sustainers (85% of participants) were more likely to be younger, male, and to have no college/university education. Sustainers began drinking alcohol and binge drinking earlier, drank at least monthly during more secondary school grades, binged more frequently at age 20, and scored higher on impulsivity and novelty seeking in adolescence. Among sustainers, frequent binge drinkers were more likely to be male, to be nonstudents, to score higher on novelty seeking, and to have reported more depressive symptoms in adolescence. Sustainers who decelerated their binge frequency between SCs 21 and 22 were more likely to be female, to have achieved a higher level of education, and to report more depressive symptoms in SC 21. Conclusions The determinants of sustained binge drinking are similar to predictors of binge drinking reported in the literature. Early identification of, and intervention with, youth who are impulsive, inclined toward novelty seeking, and who report higher levels of early sub clinical depressive symptoms might forestall their involvement in risky alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To study the effect of maternal psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disease, schizophrenia, unspecified psychiatric disorder, and comorbid conditions) and odds of preterm birth.Methods: The Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008), an observational cohort with 12 centers from across the United States included 223,394 singleton pregnancies with clinical data obtained from electronic medical records and maternal diagnoses of psychiatric disorders from maternal discharge summaries. Length of gestation was based on the best clinical estimate and categorized as birth less than 39, less than 37, less than 34, and less than 28 weeks' gestation. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals of birth were estimated by logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.Results: Any maternal psychiatric disorder was associated with odds of birth less than 39 weeks' gestation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.28-1.37), less than 37 weeks' gestation (OR = 1.45, 1.38-1.52), less than 34 weeks' gestation (OR = 1.47, 1.35-1.59), and less than 28 weeks' gestation (OR = 1.57, 1.36-1.82). Specifically, odds of birth less than 37 weeks' gestation were associated with maternal depression (OR = 1.31, 1.23-1.40), anxiety disorder (OR = 1.68, 1.41-2.01), depression with anxiety disorder (OR = 2.31, 1.93-2.78), bipolar disease (OR = 1.54, 1.22-1.94), bipolar disease with depression and/or anxiety disorder (OR = 1.70, 1.30-2.22), and unspecified psychiatric disorder (OR = 1.52, 1.41-1.64).Conclusions: Maternal psychiatric disorders, especially comorbid psychiatric conditions, were associated with increased likelihood of preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]