Search

Although referees who officiate in the amateur football leagues are exposed to various stressors that can negatively affect their mental health (MH), little is known about their MH symptoms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate MH symptoms of referees who officiate in the Turkish amateur football leagues. An online survey was sent to all referees in the Turkish amateur football leagues (n = 4,900) incorporating standardized scales assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 1,279 referees participated in the study. Female referees reported higher depression (p <.01) and anxiety (p =.02) scores than males. Younger referees (23–27 years) reported higher depression (p =.01) and anxiety (p <.01) scores than older (>38 years) referees. Results showed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with marital status (being single), lower incomes, severe sports injury history, and inadequate social support. In light of these results, MH assessments should be undertaken to detect which referees are at greater risk of MH problems and facilitate appropriate and timely MH interventions. Further study is needed to inform MH risk reduction strategies and/or programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a pressing yet underdiagnosed issue in health management. Because depressed patients share their symptoms, life events, and treatments on digital platforms, information systems (IS) scholars resort to user-generated digital traces for depression detection. While they facilitate innovative information technology (IT) approaches to alleviate the social and economic burden of depression, most studies lack effective means to incorporate domain knowledge in depression detection systems or suffer from feature extraction difficulties. Following the design science research in IS, we propose a Deep-Knowledge-Aware Depression Detection system to detect social media users at risk of depression and explain the detection factors. We deploy extensive empirical analyses to evaluate our designed IT artifact, which shows domain knowledge greatly improves performance. Our work has significant implications for IS research in knowledge-aware machine learning, digital traces utilization, and generalizable design principles. Practically, the early detection and factor explanation from our IT artifact can assist depression management and enable large-scale assessment of the population's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although dance interventions may have lots of advantages in improving frailty, there are few papers focusing on the effects such interventions have on frail older adults living in the community setting. This study investigates whether a dance intervention can improve the level of frailty among Chinese older adults living in the community setting. The dance intervention was done five times a week for 16 weeks. Participants in the control group maintained their normal daily activities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. Mixed models were used to test for the effects on frailty, depression, short physical performance battery, and grip strength between the groups over time. The level of frailty (p <.05) and depression (p <.001) decreased, and short physical performance battery (p <.001) increased over time in the dance group compared with the control group. A dance intervention lasting 16 weeks showed improved frailty, depression, and physical performance among Chinese older adults living in the community setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical Scenario: Athletic identity (AI) can be defined as, "the degree to which an individual identifies with an athlete role, and the values, and social networks associated with that identity," and can pose a problem when athletes do not explore themselves outside of sport. This lack of identity development beyond athletics has the potential to lead to the development of a high AI. High AI in athletes can have positive effects in areas such as performance, however, high AI may also pose negative consequences. The development of such an identity can limit the adaptive responses to substantial life changes such as retirement from sport. This inability to adapt may thereby contribute to mental health problems during the transition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between athletic identity and mental health symptoms so clinicians may provide support to enable positive outcomes after retirement from sport. Clinical Question: What is the influence of athletic identity on mental health symptoms in athletes retiring from sports? Summary of Key Findings: (1) High athletic identity contributes to increased mental health symptoms following retirement. (2) Athletic identity had no relationship to mental health symptoms during the preretirement phase of an athlete's career Clinical Bottom Line: The findings suggest that there is high-quality evidence to support that AI has no relationship with mental health symptoms during the preretirement phase and that athletes with high AI are more likely to experience mental health symptoms during their transition out of or retirement from sport. Strength of Recommendation: The grade of B is recommended by the Strength of Recommendation taxonomy for consistent, limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence that high AI has a strong relationship to mental health symptoms following retirement in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The high incidence of depression in cancer patients and its impact on their quality of life. • Summarizes the potential mechanisms of comorbidity between cancer and depression. • Provides discussion and analysis of potential treatments for depression. Cancer and depression are closely interrelated, particularly in patients with advanced cancer, who often present with comorbid anxiety and depression for various reasons. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the study of depression in cancer patients, with the aim of assessing the possible triggers, predictors, adverse events, and possible treatment options for depression in several common cancers. The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize the extant literature on the relationship between the occurrence and progression of depression in several common patient categories. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of 75 articles published in PubMed over the past five years. This review was further evaluated in the present paper. Ultimately, it was determined that depression is a prevalent and detrimental phenomenon among cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Consequently, there is a pressing need to prioritize research and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and psychosocial well-being of cancer patients, including those with advanced disease. The relationship between cancer and depression has been evolving dynamically in recent times. The current research findings indicate a strong association between cancer and depression. However, the direction of causality remains unclear. Focusing on depression in cancer patients may, therefore, be beneficial for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose Methods Results Conclusions Data on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and mood in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a disease characterized by stroke and cognitive decline, are limited. We aimed to investigate the impacted domains of life, value‐based HRQoL and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with CAA.We conducted a cross‐sectional study of patients with sporadic (s)CAA, lobar dominant mixed CAA and hypertensive arteriopathy (mixed CAA‐HTA), or Dutch‐type hereditary (D‐)CAA, from prospective outpatient clinic cohorts. Participants completed four questionnaires: the EuroQoL 5 dimensions 5‐level questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L; EQ‐VAS for visual analogue scale; EQ‐Index for index rating), the Short‐Form 36 questionnaire (SF‐36), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scale (CES‐D), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; ‐D for depression and ‐A for anxiety subscales). The EQ‐5D‐5L assesses the domains mobility, self‐care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The SF‐36 domains are physical functioning, social functioning, physical role limitations, emotional role limitations, mental health, vitality, bodily pain, and general health perceptions. We compared age‐ and sex‐ adjusted HRQoL (SF‐36 domain scores; EQ‐VAS; EQ‐Index) to the Dutch normative population, and estimated the prevalences of current depression (either: history of depression or current use of antidepressants, with high score on CES‐D [≥16] and/or HADS‐D [≥8]; or high score on both depression questionnaires) and anxiety (HADS‐A ≥ 8).We included 179 patients: 77 with sCAA (mean age: 72 years, women: 36%), 31 with mixed CAA‐HTA (68 years, women: 29%), and 71 with D‐CAA (56 years, women: 52%, symptomatic: 35 [49%]). The SF‐36 profiles of all patient groups were similar, negatively differing from the norm in emotional role functioning, social functioning and vitality. The EQ‐VAS score of patients (mean [SD] sCAA: 76 [16], D‐CAA: 77 [15]) was similar to the norm, as was the EQ‐Index score. Fifteen patients with sCAA (23%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 13%–33%), seven with mixed CAA‐HTA (27%; 95% CI 10%–44%) and eight with D‐CAA (14%; 95% CI 5%–22%) were noted as having depression. The prevalences of anxiety and depression were equivalent.We found that CAA influenced emotional role functioning and aspects linked to social engagement consistently across its subtypes. One quarter of patients exhibited depressive or anxiety symptoms. Recognizing these impacted domains could enhance overall well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between the number of food kinds and the risk of depression in adults was examined. Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 4593 adults were included in the study. The number of food kinds was collected via 24‒hour dietary recalls. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‒9. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the association between the number of food kinds and the risk of depression. Results: This study included 4593 study participants, 451 of whom were diagnosed with depression. The revised advantage ratios (with corresponding confidence intervals) for the prevalence of depression among individuals in the fourth quartiles of the number of food kinds (Q4) in comparison to the lowest quartile (Q1) were determined to be 0.59 (0.36‒0.96), respectively. According to our subgroup analyses, the number of food kinds was negatively associated with the risk of depression in females, participants aged 18‒45 and 45‒65 years, and participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 24.9 kg/m2. According to our dose‒response analysis, the number of food kinds was linearly associated with the risk of depression (Pfor nonlinear=0.5896). Conclusion: The risk of depression exhibited a linear and negative correlation with the number of food kinds. The results indicated that a diversified diet was an effective nonpharmacological approach that deserved further generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arecae Semen is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in the medical service and food industry, but in recent years, the carcinogenesis of edible Arecae Semen chewing has aroused comprehensive attention, therefore it is necessary to evaluate its medicinal properties. Increasing evidence has shown that Arecae Semen Compounds (ASC) possess antidepressant ability. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ASC in the treatment of depression. Methods: We retrieved articles in eight databases from their inception to May 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of ASC alone or combined with routine treatment in patients with depression were identified. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool (ROB 2) was used for assessing the ROB in the included trials. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of the evidence for the review outcomes. The outcomes included Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) scores, depression-related symptoms, serum dopamine levels, and adverse events. Stata 14.0 was used for data analysis calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes and relative risk (RR) for binary outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Nine RCTs involving 787 patients were included in this review. ASC lowered HAMD scores (SMD − 3.43, 95% CI − 5.24 to − 1.61; I2 = 95.2%, P < 0.001), alleviated depression-related symptoms, increased serum dopamine levels, and reduced the incidence of adverse events slightly (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.77; I2 = 0, P = 0.775) compared with the control group. Publication bias might account for the asymmetrical presentation of funnel plots. Meta-regression analysis revealed that regarding HAMD scores, there was no significant relationship with duration, sample size, or treatment strategy. The evidence of the outcomes was of very low certainty. Conclusions: ASC may achieve better therapeutic effects, alleviate depression-related symptoms with a lower incidence of adverse events, and provide a potentially effective and safe complementary therapy for patients with depression. However, the evidence is very uncertain so further researches are required to validate our results and explore clinical implications of Arecae Semen in depth. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022361150. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Design Methods Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution Clinical Trials To evaluate the effect of dignity therapy on dignity, anxiety, depression and overall quality of life for people with burns.A single‐blind, double‐arm, parallel randomised controlled study.The Patient Dignity Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Burn‐Specific Health Scale‐Short were employed to assess the dignity, anxiety, depression and overall quality of life for people with burns. These outcome indicators were measured and analysed at baseline, 2‐, 4‐ and 8‐week follow‐up. The generalised estimating equations were used to analyse the effect of the intervention during each time point.A total of 99 participants were recruited (50 in the intervention group and 49 in the control group), with a high retention rate of 97 participants (94.95%) completing the 8‐week follow‐up. All outcome measurement tools met the feasibility criteria related to completeness and responsiveness over time. Dignity was the primary outcome measure, with anxiety, depression and quality of life serving as secondary outcome measures. At the 8‐week post‐intervention, participants in the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in dignity and anxiety and depression, and a statistically significant increase in burn‐specific health.Dignity therapy can effectively reduce the loss of dignity, anxiety and depression, and improve the quality of life for people with burns. This study has a positive impact on burn dignity nursing practice and provides healthcare professionals with a novel approach to help people with burns return to normal social life with dignity.It is important to develop patient‐centred care for burns with dignity. Focusing on developing a rational understanding of non‐discriminatory dignity care practices among clinical providers and to develop dignity‐oriented clinical care practices on the wards.This study validated the feasibility of implementing dignity therapy for people with burns. Dignity therapy is effective in reducing the degree of dignity impairment, reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, and enhancing the quality of life for people with burns. Our findings can help healthcare professionals to provide personalised dignity care throughout the patient's journey to facilitate a dignified reintegration into society and life for people with burns.This randomised controlled trial used the CONSORT guidelines.No patients or members of the public participated in the study design, data analysis or interpretation.This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry registration number: ChiCTR2200065145, 29 October 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Emerging Adulthood is a complex and chaotic period and depression is one of the main psychological health problems during this period. Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) is prevalent among patients with clinical depression. However, the prediction of OGM in groups with non-clinical depression and its influencing mechanisms remain inconclusive. Studies have shown that OGM and early parenting behaviour are vulnerable factors of depression in emerging adulthood, which may be triggered by negative life events. Our longitudinal study included 241 participants (Mage = 21.88 years). At baseline, participants completed measures of current negative life events, depression, early parenting behaviour and an autobiographical memory test. Thereafter, they were tracked for depression every 35 days. We used the latent class growth model to differentiate levels and trends of depression among non-clinical participants. The analysis showed that the effect of negative life events on depression was moderated by OGM and early parenting behaviour. However, this moderating effect was found only in the low-risk depression group. Our findings indicate that early parenting behaviour might account for the different mechanisms of OGM production in non-clinical groups. Moreover, it underlines the importance of OGM and early parenting behaviour as potential predictors of future depression in non-clinical groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent around the world. Previous research mainly adopted variable-centered analyses, which overlooked different latent patterns. Moreover, few studies focused on the comorbidity patterns and risk factors of depression and anxiety within the Chinese context. This study aims to explore the comorbidity patterns of depression and anxiety among psychiatric patients in China and examine the potential predictors of their severity categorization. We recruited 282 patients diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety in China and used questionnaires to collect data. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed to identify subgroups within the sample. Subsequently, we used multinomial logistic regression to explore the factors predicting those subgroups. The LPA results revealed three subgroups: Mild Symptoms Group, Moderate Symptoms Group, and Severe Symptoms Group. The regression results indicated that poor family function, high neuroticism, and rumination were significant predictors of classification into more severe symptom groups. The findings suggest that clinicians should assess patients more accurately and implement tailored interventions based on the severity levels of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression greatly impacts society as one of the most prevalent mental health disorders in the world, disproportionately impacting people in lower income groups. Past research has identified a strong relationship between economic stress and depression. Yet, little research has explored this relationship from a cognitive perspective. Using the hopelessness theory of depression and social comparison theory in conjunction, this study aimed to investigate the interaction between subjective social status (SSS), a key social determinant of health, and negative cognitive style (NCS) on depressive symptoms. A diverse group of community college students (N = 216) were recruited and answered questions about their SSS, NCS, and depressive symptoms. As predicted, linear regression analyses showed a significant interaction between SSS and NCS. Specifically, a significant positive relationship between SSS and depressive symptoms emerged at moderate and high levels of NCS, whereas no significant relationship was found for those reporting low levels of NCS. However, contrary to our predictions and past theoretical work, results revealed a main effect of NCS on depressive symptoms, but not a main effect of SSS. Taken together, these findings and previous research may suggest NCS as a unique predictor of depressive symptoms regardless of economic stress experience. This study underscores the relevance of NCS in depression research and treatment and forwards a broadened understanding of the impact of social determinants of health on depression, while providing further support for hopelessness theory. Implications for both research and practice are discussed in relation to the UN Sustainable Development Goals SDG1and SDG10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with depression struggle with significant emotion regulation difficulties, which adversely affect their psychological well-being and hinder recovery. Traditional therapeutic approaches often fail to adequately address these challenges, leading to a persistent gap in effective mental health care. This research seeks to address this gap by investigating the impact of emotion regulation skills training on patients with depression. Aim: To assess the difficulties in emotion regulation among patients with depression and evaluate the impact of an emotion regulation skills training intervention on those with higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties, specifically focusing on increasing the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies and reducing the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Method: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized, using three tools: a socio-demographic and Clinical Data structured interview schedule, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Eighty patients with depression were recruited to assess those with higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties; out of those with greater difficulties, 30 patients were chosen to participate in the emotion regulation skills training intervention. Result: The 80 studied subjects' emotion regulation difficulties scores ranged from 158 to 169 (164.5 ± 3.21), and they indicated less use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and more use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (56.07 ± 2.67). Regarding the intervention group, the overall mean score of the 30 patients' emotion regulation difficulties decreased from 167.35 ± 2.21 pre-intervention to 105.85 ± 3.33 post-intervention (p < 0.0001). Cognitive emotion regulation total scores improved markedly from 54.07 ± 1.66 to 35.2 ± 3.46 (p < 0.01). Implication: Healthcare providers should routinely assess emotion regulation difficulties in patients with depression and integrate personalized treatment plans that target individual emotion regulation difficulties. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the emotion regulation intervention has the potential to improve emotion regulation difficulties and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among patients with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and depression often co-occur, exhibiting high comorbidity, with their trends evolving over time. However, the specific pathways through which comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression evolve and interact remain unclear. To investigate these questions, this study employed Network Analysis (NA) and Longitudinal Network Analysis (LNA) to explore the central symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as the temporal evolution of these central symptoms. Methods: The study focused on 606 high school students who were not in their final year in Shandong of China, with assessments conducted from March to September 2022. The bootnet package in R was used for establishing NA and LNA models, as well as for conducting accuracy analysis and node stability analysis. Results: The results of the NA indicated that adolescent highly susceptible to anxiety and depression. And uncontrollable worry was a common central symptom, while irritability emerged as a central bridging symptom across all three NAs. The LNA results revealed that suicidal ideation and worthlessness were key central symptoms in the LNA. Furthermore, worthlessness played a pivotal role in the developmental pathway of "suicidal ideation → worthlessness → anxiety and uncontrollable worry." A reduction in suicidal ideation was associated with decreased severity in other symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest that adolescent anxiety and depression are in a state of vulnerability, and that irritability, worthlessness, and suicidal ideation are potential targets for interventions to address adolescent anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delusional ideations, one of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs), are frequently shown in the long-term progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and comorbid with other NPSs including depression or agitation. Despite various types of delusional ideations, the comorbidity between each delusional ideation and depressive symptoms has not been discussed. Objective: The present cross-sectional study is aimed at testing the hypothetical mechanism of comorbid pattern in AD. Methods: Among 421 patients with AD, we analyzed the dataset of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness–Alzheimer's Disease to compare age, sex, racial type, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) depression score of between the presence and absence of each delusional ideation (delusion of persecution, theft, jealousy, abandonment, phantom boarder, Capgras syndrome, misidentification of place, or television sign). Next, with the stratification based on MMSE score of < or > = 15 points, we further explored association between delusional ideation and depressive symptom that was found significances in the primary analysis Results: Among eight subtypes of delusional ideations, depression score was higher in those with persecution delusion or Capgras syndrome. Moreover, the Capgras syndrome was associated with presence of depression in severer global cognitive impairment status. Conclusions: As comorbid NPSs of delusional ideation in AD, depressive severity is associated with specific delusional subtype: persecution delusion and Capgras syndrome. Capgras syndrome may be attributable to severe cognitive impairment in addition to depressive symptom. The consideration of pathogenetic differences in the distinct delusional ideations may be helpful for clinicians to select the treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is a prevalent and serious mental health disorder that significantly impacts daily life and functioning. Neurofilament Light chain (NfL), associated with axonal neuronal damage, has been identified as a promising biomarker, potentially aiding in early diagnosis of depression, personalized treatment, and tracking disease progression. This study used meta-analysis to evaluate the potential of plasma NfL as a biomarker for depression patients. Methods: A systematic search following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to find relevant studies on plasma NfL levels in patients with depression. A random effects model meta-analysis was applied to determine its potential as a biomarker for differentiating patients from controls. Results: Our meta-analysis, based on four articles with six datasets, revealed that plasma NfL levels were notably higher in individuals with depression (228 cases) compared to healthy controls (118 individuals). The weighted mean difference (WMD) was 8.78 (95% CI: 5.28, 12.28; P < 0.01), indicating a significant effect size. Given the diverse confounding factors inherent in the included observational studies, the observed variability can be attributed to these influences. Due to the observed heterogeneity (heterogeneity Chi-Square: 54.91, p < 0.05), we performed a subgroup analysis. Subgroup analyses based on depression type and analysis method consistently supported the association between NfL and depression, strengthening the evidence. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that elevated NfL levels may serve as a promising biomarker for diagnosing depressive disorders. Further research on diverse subtypes and longitudinal changes is needed to validate its clinical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Atopic dermatitis is a popular allergy disease among children, adolescents and adults. The risk of depression in patients with atopic dermatitis can be evaluated using an updated systemic review and meta‐analysis of observational and cross‐sectional studies.The log odds ratio (OR) was transformed using the OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the risk of depression in patients with atopic dermatitis across the children, adolescent and adult groups. After a restricted selection, 39 studies of 234 306 patients with atopic dermatitis and 10 935 459 reference individuals were enrolled. The focused outcome was the OR and 95% CI of depression risk in each included study, assigned according to the age for the children, adolescent and adult groups.In adult patients with atopic dermatitis, a significantly higher risk of depression was observed. In addition, the similar significantly higher risk of depression was observed in children and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis, respectively. However, the significantly high heterogeneity was observed across children, adolescent and adult groups.In the current meta‐analysis, the patients with atopic dermatitis had a higher risk of depression across the children, adolescent and adult groups, respectively. However, substantial heterogeneity should be considered during the interpretation of our meta‐analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine associations between illness perception, also called illness cognitions or appraisals, disposition of passive coping, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to test whether passive coping mediates the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Materials and methods: Longitudinal, multicentre study. Participants were inpatients of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. Measures included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Utrecht Coping List passive coping subscale (UCL-P), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Mediation was tested with the PROCESS tool. Results: The questionnaires were completed by 121 participants at admission and at discharge. Of them, 70% were male, 58% had a paraplegia, and 82% an incomplete lesion. Weak to strong (0.294–0.650) significant associations were found between each pair of study variables. The use of passive coping strategies mediated the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Symptoms of anxiety and depression were more frequent in people who have a threatening illness perception combined with a lower use of passive coping strategies. Therefore, it is advised that patients are screened and treated for threatening illness perception and high use of passive coping strategies during rehabilitation after SCI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: For rehabilitation professionals it is recommended to screen inpatients with spinal cord injury (SCI) for illness perception and disposition of passive coping to identify those who may be more vulnerable for symptoms of anxiety and depression at admission. Inpatients with SCI who report a threatening illness perception in combination with a high use of passive coping at admission, have an increased risk for symptoms of anxiety and depression. For rehabilitation professionals it is recommended to repeat this screening to support careful planning of psychological (follow-up) treatment and coordination of care at discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are commonly used scales to measure depression severity in older adults. We utilized data from the Optimizing Outcomes of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Older Adults (OPTIMUM) clinical trial to produce conversion tables relating PHQ-9 and MADRS total scores. We split the sample into training (N = 555) and validation samples (N = 187). Equipercentile linking was performed on the training sample to produce conversion tables for PHQ-9 and MADRS. We compared the original and estimated scores in the validation sample with Bland-Altman analysis. We compared the depression severity level using the original and estimated scores with Chi-square tests. The Bland-Altman analysis confirmed that differences between the original and estimated scores for at least 95 % of the sample fit within 1.96 standard deviations of the mean difference. Chi-square tests showed a significant difference in the proportion of participants at each depression severity category determined using the original and estimated scores. The conversion tables should be used with caution when comparing depression severity at the individual level. Our conversion tables relating PHQ-9 and MADRS scores can be used to compare treatment outcomes using aggregate data in studies that only used one of these scales. • Equipercentile linking was used to produce conversion tables for PHQ-9 and MADRS. • Total scores can be compared using the conversion table for aggregate data. • Comparing total scores between individuals should be done with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between atherosclerotic burden, depressive symptoms, and clinically relevant depression (CRD) in hypertensive patients is unclear. In this study, we used the atherosclerotic index of plasma (AIP) to quantify atherosclerotic burden and explore its association with depressive symptoms and CRD in hypertensive patients. Hypertension-diagnosed patients were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The relationships between AIP and depressive symptoms and CRD risk in patients were examined through the weighted logistic regression and the weighted linear regression models. Restrictive cubic spline curves were employed to analyze potential nonlinear associations between AIP and outcome indicators. Additionally, subgroup analyses and intergroup interaction tests were conducted. The AIP was considerably associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in hypertensive patients, according to the findings of weighted linear regression. Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that high AIP was significantly associated with a high risk of clinically relevant depression in hypertensive patients. This trend was consistent across various subgroups within the population. AIP was observed to be a significant risk factor for clinically relevant depression in hypertensive patients. Atherosclerotic burden in hypertensive patients was significantly associated with the severity of their depressive symptoms. • The atherosclerotic index of plasma (AIP) is a recently discovered indicator of atherosclerotic burden that is easy and quick to obtain. • AIP was significantly and positively correlated with depressive symptom severity (PHQ-9 score). • AIP significantly increased the risk of clinically relevant depression (PHQ-9 score >= 10). • The study population was those diagnosed with hypertension in the NHANES database. We analyzed using complex sampling-based analyses. The results are nationally representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy loss is arguably a traumatic and stressful life event that potentially impacts the emotional and behavioral health of those who experience it, especially adolescents. Research assessing this relationship has primarily focused on adult women populations. Using data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a cross-sectional research design was employed to investigate whether pregnancy loss outcomes are associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt) among adolescent girls (N = 6, 913). We also investigated the mediating effect of depressive mood. Initially, an all-encompassing pregnancy loss variable was used, which included abortions and miscarriages. Acknowledging the differences between these pregnancy loss outcomes, we created separate measures for each. Using the all-encompassing pregnancy loss variable, findings from logistic regression analyses showed that pregnancy loss is positively and significantly associated with depressive mood and suicidal behaviors. Depressive mood mediated the relationship between pregnancy loss and suicidal behaviors. Miscarriage was positively and significantly associated with suicidal thoughts as well as attempting suicide. Depressive mood mediated the relationship between miscarriage and suicidal thoughts, while only partially mediating the relationship between miscarriage and suicide attempt. No significant effects were observed for abortion on outcomes of interest. Cross-sectional analyses were performed limiting our ability to make casual inferences. Pregnancy loss is associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior, especially among adolescent girls who experience a miscarriage. Adolescent pregnancy and pregnancy loss should remain a focus of scholars and health professionals. • Pregnancy loss is associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior. • Miscarriage is associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior. • Depressive mood plays an important role among girls who experience pregnancy loss. • Abortion was not associated with negative emotional or suicidal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological changes, such as microglia activation in the hippocampus frequently occur in individuals with animal models of depression; however, they may share a common cellular mechanism, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) are communication platforms between ER and mitochondria. This study aimed to investigate the role of intracellular stress responses, especially structural and functional changes of MAMs in depression. We used chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) to mimic depression in C57 mice to investigate the pathophysiological changes in the hippocampus associated with depression and assess the antidepressant effect of electroacupuncture (EA). Molecular, histological, and electron microscopic techniques were utilized to study intracellular stress responses, including the ER stress pathway reaction, mitochondrial damage, and structural and functional changes in MAMs in the hippocampus after CSDS. Proteomics technology was employed to explore protein-level changes in MAMs caused by CSDS. CSDS caused mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, closer contact between ER and mitochondria, and enrichment of functional protein clusters at MAMs in hippocampus along with depressive-like behaviors. Also, EA showed beneficial effects on intracellular stress responses and depressive-like behaviors in CSDS mice. The cellular specificity of MAMs related protein changes in CSDS mice was not explored. In the hippocampus, ER stress and mitochondrial damage occur, along with enriched mitochondria-ER interactions and MAM-related protein enrichment, which may contribute to depression's pathophysiology. EA may improve depression by regulating intracellular stress responses. [Display omitted] • CSDS causes mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and MAM protein enrichment along with depression-like behaviors. • An ER stress inhibitor and a mitochondrial protective agent improve depressive-like behaviors. • EA has antidepressant effects and can improve the structural and functional changes in MAMs caused by CSDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sympathetic and blood pressure (BP) hyper-reactivity to stress may contribute to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, whether this is evident in young adults with MDD without comorbid disease remains unclear. We hypothesized that acute stress-induced increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and BP would be exaggerated in young adults with MDD compared to healthy non-depressed young adults (HA) and that, in adults with MDD, greater symptom severity would be positively related to MSNA and BP reactivity. In 28 HA (17 female) and 39 young adults with MDD of mild-to-moderate severity (unmedicated; 31 female), MSNA (microneurography) and beat-to-beat BP (finger photoplethysmography) were measured at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT) and Stroop color word test (SCWT). There were no group differences in resting MSNA (p = 0.24). Neither MSNA nor BP reactivity to either the CPT [MSNA: ∆24 ± 10 HA vs. ∆21 ± 11 bursts/min MDD, p = 0.67; mean arterial pressure (MAP): ∆22 ± 7 HA vs. ∆21 ± 10 mmHg MDD, p = 0.46)] or the SCWT (MSNA: ∆-4 ± 6 HA vs. ∆-5 ± 8 bursts/min MDD, p = 0.99; MAP: ∆7 ± 8 HA vs ∆9 ± 5 mmHg MDD; p = 0.82) were different between groups. In adults with MDD, symptom severity predicted MAP reactivity to the CPT (β = 0.78, SE = 0.26, p = 0.006), but not MSNA (p = 0.42). The mild-to-moderate symptom severity reflects only part of the MDD spectrum. Neither sympathetic nor BP stress reactivity are exaggerated in young adults with MDD; however, greater symptom severity may amplify BP reactivity to stress, thereby increasing CVD risk. • Greater blood pressure (BP) reactivity to stress predicts cardiovascular risk. • BP reactivity to stress is not exaggerated in young adults with depression. • Symptom severity predicted BP reactivity to stress in young adults with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for neuronal survival and may be implicated in the pathophysiological process of depression. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between serum BDNF and post-stroke depression (PSD) at 3 months in a multicenter cohort study. A total of 611 ischemic stroke patients with serum BDNF measurements from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke were included in this analysis. We used the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to assess depression status at 3 months after ischemic stroke, and PSD was defined as a score of ≥8. Baseline serum BDNF was inversely associated with the risk of depression after ischemic stroke. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of PSD for the highest tertile of BDNF was 0.53 (95 % confidence interval, 0.34–0.82; P for trend = 0.004) compared with the lowest tertile. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression model also showed a linear does-response association between serum BDNF levels and PSD at 3 months (P for linearity = 0.006). In addition, adding serum BDNF to conventional risk factors significantly improved the risk reclassification of PSD (net reclassification improvement: 16.98 %, P = 0.039; integrated discrimination index: 0.93 %, P = 0.026). All patients in this study were Chinese, so our findings should be applied to other populations cautiously. Higher serum BDNF levels at baseline were significantly associated with a decreased risk of PSD at 3 months, suggesting that BDNF might be a valuable predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for PSD among ischemic stroke patients. • High serum BDNF levels were associated with a decreased risk of 3-month PSD. • There was an inverse linear dose-response association between BDNF and 3-month PSD. • Adding BDNF to conventional risk factors improved the risk reclassification for PSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to monetary rewards, depressive symptoms are specifically associated with abnormal social reward processing. In addition, individuals with melancholic depression may exhibit more significant reward-related impairments. However, there is still limited understanding of the specific alterations in social reward processing in individuals with melancholic depression. Forty patients with melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD), forty patients with non-melancholic MDD, and fifty healthy controls participated in the social incentive delay (SID) tasks with event-related potential (ERP) recording. We measured one anticipatory ERP(cue-N2) and two consummatory ERPs (FRN, fb-P3). Furthermore, we examined correlation between FRN and consummatory anhedonia. Melancholic MDD patients showed less anticipation of social rewards (cue-N2). Concurrently, melancholic individuals demonstrated diminished reception of social rewards, as evidenced by reduced amplitudes of FRN. Notably, the group x condition interaction effect on FRN was significant (F (2, 127) = 4.15, p = 0.018, η 2 ρ = 0.061). Melancholic MDD patients had similar neural responses to both gain and neutral feedback (blunted reward positivity), whereas non-melancholic MDD patients (t (39) = 3.09, p = 0.004) and healthy participants (t (49) = 5.25, p < 0.001) had smaller FRN amplitudes when receiving gain feedback relative to neutral feedback. In addition, there was a significant correlation between FRN and consummatory anhedonia in MDD patients. Our findings indicated that individuals with melancholic MDD exhibit attenuated neural responses to both anticipated and consumed social rewards. This suggests that aberrant processing of social rewards could serve as a potential biomarker for melancholic MDD. • The blunt neural response to social reward is more special to melancholic MDD. • The aberrant social reward processing in melancholic MDD includes both reward anticipation and reward consummation. • The blunt social reward could serve as a biomarker for melancholic subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of virtual reality (VR)-based biofeedback (BF), a relatively new intervention, is a non-pharmacological treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, studies on VR-based BF are lacking and inconclusive. A total of 131 adults were recruited from the community. Participants who scored ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) or ≥9 on the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were included in the group with depressive or anxiety symptoms (DAS group), and others as the healthy control group (HC group). Participants from the DAS group were randomly assigned to VR-based or conventional BF intervention. All individuals visited at three times (weeks 0, 2, and 4), and completed the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the intervention, and PHQ-9 at the beginning and final visit. The analysis included a total of 118 participants (DAS/VR: 40, DAS/BF: 38, HC/VR: 40). There was no significant difference in demographic variables among the three groups. After the intervention, the DAS/VR group exhibited significant decreases in MADRS (70.0 %), PHQ-9 (64.1 %), STAI (29.5 %), and VAS (61.7 %) scores compared to the baseline (p <0.001). There were no significant differences between the effects of VR-based BF and conventional BF with a therapist. The HC group also showed significant decreases in the measures of depression and anxiety after receiving VR-based BF. VR-based BF was effective in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms, even for subthreshold depression and anxiety symptoms in the HC group. • Our study revealed that VR-based Biofeedback (BF) was effective in adults with depressive and anxiety symptoms. • Depression and anxiety symptoms decreased after the intervention of VR-based BF compared to before. • Healthy subjects also demonstrated significant decreases in depression and anxiety measures after receiving VR-based BF. • This finding suggests that VR-based BF seems to be a promising intervention for treating depression and anxiety symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression has emerged as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence on whether depressive symptoms measured using a self-report questionnaire are associated with CVD incidence is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between depressive symptoms and CVD risk using data from national health examinations and insurance claim records. This retrospective cohort study included participants who underwent the Korean National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at age 66 years between 2007 and 2017. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as affirmative responses to any of three questions (loss of activities and interests, worthlessness, and hopelessness) selected from the Geriatric Depression Scale. Incident composite CVD event included myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and CVD death. The association between depressive symptoms and CVD risk was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) estimated with Cox proportional hazards models. Among 88,765 participants (48.5 % women) aged 66 years, 4036 incident CVD events occurred during a mean follow-up of 6.8 years. Participants with depressive symptoms had a significantly higher risk of CVD than those without depressive symptoms (adjusted HR = 1.16 [95 % CI: 1.07–1.24]). The three individual depressive symptoms showed similar associations with CVD risk (loss of activities and interests, adjusted HR = 1.17 [95 % CI: 1.08–1.26]; worthlessness, 1.15 [1.03–1.29]; hopelessness, 1.13 [1.01–1.26]). The study was limited to participants aged 66 years. Despite extensive adjustment for potential confounders and multiple sensitivity analyses, residual confounding and reverse causality could not be ruled out. The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Screening for depressive symptoms in the general population may effectively mitigate the burden of CVD. • In the homogeneous Korean population aged 66 years, 18.2 % had depressive symptoms. • Three depressive symptom items were associated with an increased CVD risk. • Adults with depressive symptoms had a 16 % higher CVD risk than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis focused on investigating the bidirectional relationships between major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety and stress-related disorder (ASRD), and dental caries as well as periodontitis. We used summary statistics from two studies: an MDD genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 135,458 cases with 344,901 controls and a Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) GWAS based on 12,655 ASRD individuals and 19,225 controls from Denmark. GWASs on dental caries and periodontitis were based on the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium. We employed different MR approaches, such as inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR–Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to calculate causal effects. Single-variable MR analysis revealed that ASRD was potentially significantly associated with decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) (β = 0.056; 95 % CI: 0.009, 0.103; p = 0.018). Periodontitis was suggested to be causally related to increased ASRD risk (OR = 1.143, 95 % CI: 1.008, 1.298; p = 0.038). According to the multivariable MR analysis, no significant associations were detected between MDD and ASRD with dental caries and periodontitis, and vice versa. ASRD demonstrated a potential association with DMFS, and periodontitis was found to potentially impact ASRD according to single-variable MR analysis. Nevertheless, no significant associations were identified between MDD, ASRD, dental caries, or periodontitis after adjusting for smoking status and education level. Hence, more robust genetic instruments are required to validate and reinforce our findings. • The causal relationships between depression or stress-related disorders, dental caries, and periodontitis remain unclear. • SVMR analysis identified potential causal relationships between anxiety, stress-related disorders, and dental caries. • Potential causal effects of anxiety and stress-related disorders on periodontitis were observed in SVMR analysis. • Refining exposures and outcomes definitions to enhance the precision of identifying significant associations is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving safe and effective access to ketamine therapy is of high priority given the growing burden of mental illness. Telehealth-supported administration of sublingual ketamine is being explored toward this goal. In this longitudinal study, moderately-to-severely depressed patients received four doses of ketamine at home over four weeks within a supportive digital health context. Treatment was structured to resemble methods of therapeutic psychedelic trials. Patients receiving a second course of treatment were also examined. Symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. We conducted preregistered machine learning and symptom network analyses to investigate outcomes (osf.io/v2rpx). A sample of 11,441 patients was analyzed, demonstrating a modal antidepressant response from both non-severe (n = 6384, 55.8 %) and severe (n = 2070, 18.1 %) baseline depression levels. Adverse events were detected in 3.0–4.8 % of participants and predominantly neurologic or psychiatric in nature. A second course of treatment helped extend improvements in patients who responded favorably to initial treatment. Improvement was most strongly predicted by lower depression scores and age at baseline. Symptoms of Depressed mood and Anhedonia sustained depression despite ongoing treatment. This study was limited by the absence of comparison or control groups and lack of a fixed-dose procedure for ketamine administration. At-home, telehealth-supported ketamine administration was largely safe, well-tolerated, and associated with improvement in patients with depression. Strategies for combining psychedelic-oriented therapies with rigorous telehealth models, as explored here, may uniquely address barriers to mental health treatment. • Telehealth ketamine assisted treatment was safe and effective for 11,000+ patients. • Machine learning identified patient characteristics predicting symptoms improvement. • Temporal network suggested low mood and anhedonia as key in treatment non-response. • Primarily psychiatric adverse events underscored importance of behavioral support. • Telehealth-supported ketamine administration may help address barriers to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As hypothesized in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety and depression in adults. An important question is the extent to which such effects are present in children and adolescents, with the implication that the model may also apply to young people. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize results on the nature and magnitude of associations between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted to identify studies that investigated: (1) group differences in metacognitive beliefs in clinical compared to non-clinical samples or (2) correlations between metacognitive beliefs and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Forty papers were identified comprising a total sample of 9,887 participants aged 7–18 years. Meta-analyses revealed that clinical samples endorsed significantly elevated metacognitive beliefs on four out of the five domains measured (i.e., negative beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence, need for control, and cognitive self-consciousness, with the only exception being positive beliefs about worry) compared to non-clinical samples with a small to large effect (Hedges' g s = 0.45–1.22). Moreover, all five domains of metacognitive beliefs were significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression of a small to large effect (r s =.24–.53). Negative beliefs about worry showed the strongest relationship with clinical status and the magnitude of symptoms. The number of studies did not allow for an evaluation of metacognitive beliefs at a disorder-specific level. In line with the S-REF model, our findings provide evidence of robust cross-sectional relationships between metacognitions and both anxiety and depression in childhood and adolescence. • Metacognitive beliefs are positively associated with anxiety and depression in adults. • A meta-analysis evaluating such relationships in young people is needed. • Forty papers were included with a total of 9,887 participants aged 7-18 years. • Clinical groups endorsed elevated metacognitions compared to non-clinical groups. • Metacognitive beliefs positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and suicidal ideation often co-occur in children and adolescents, yet they possess distinct characteristics. This study sought to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. A nationwide cross-sectional survey collected data from Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 (N = 160,962; 48.91 % girls). The survey included inquiries about demographics, depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, bullying, and being bullied. Fifteen machine learning algorithms were conducted to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we conducted external validation on an independent sample of 1,812,889 children and adolescents. Our findings revealed seven related factors linked to depression and six associated with suicidal ideation, with average accuracy rates of 86.86 % and 85.82 %, respectively. For depression, the most influential factors were anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, experience of bullying, and age. Similarly, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury, perceived stress, internet addiction, academic burnout, and age emerged as paramount factors for suicidal ideation. Moreover, these related factors showed notable variations in their predictive capacities for depression and suicidal ideation across different subgroups. Anxiety emerged as the predominant shared factor for both depression and suicidal ideation, whereas the other related factors displayed distinct predictive patterns for each condition. These findings highlight the critical need for tailored strategies from public mental health service providers and policymakers to address the pressing concerns of depression and suicidal ideation. • The internal validation sample included 160,962 youths and the external validation sample comprised 1,812,889 youths. • Fifteen algorithms were used to predict depression and suicidal ideation. • Anxiety was the predominant shared factor for both depression and suicidal ideation. • Other related factors were differently associated with depression and suicidal ideation. • Related factors exhibited notable variations in their predictive capacities for predicting depression and suicidal ideation across different subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disrupted sleep and rest-activity pattern are common clinical features in depressed individuals. This meta-analysis compared sleep and circadian rest-activity rhythms in people with major depressive disorder (MDD) or depressive symptoms and healthy controls. Eligible studies were identified in five databases up to December 2023. The search yielded 53 studies with a total of 11,115 participants, including 4000 depressed participants and 7115 healthy controls. Pooled meta-analyses demonstrated that depressed individuals have significantly longer sleep latency (SMD = 0.23, 95 % CI: 0.12 to 0.33) and wake time after sleep onset (SMD = 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.22 to 0.52), lower sleep efficiency (SMD = −0.41, 95 % CI: −0.56 to −0.25), more nocturnal awakenings (SMD = 0.58, 95 % CI: 0.29 to 0.88), lower MESOR (SMD = −0.54, 95 % CI: −0.81 to −0.28), amplitude (SMD = −0.33, 95 % CI: −0.57 to −0.09), and interdaily stability (SMD = −0.17, 95 % CI: −0.28 to −0.05), less daytime (SMD = −0.79, 95 % CI: −1.08 to −0.49) and total activities (SMD = −0.89, 95 % CI: −1.28 to −0.50) when compared with healthy controls. Most of the included studies reported separate sleep and activity parameters instead of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms. The variabilities among actigraphy devices and the types of participants recruited also impede precise comparisons. The findings emerging from this study offered a better understanding of sleep and rest-activity rhythm in individuals with MDD or depressive symptoms. Future studies could advocate for deriving objective, distinctive 24-hour rest-activity profiles contributing to the risk of depression. CRD42021259780. • The review included 53 new studies up to December 2023. • Depressed individuals reported significantly poorer sleep than healthy controls. • Depressed individuals had disrupted circadian rest-activity rhythms. • Actigraphy has wide reaching and cost-effective public mental health implication. • Future studies can identify objective, distinctive 24-h rest-activity profiles in depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A more in-depth understanding of the relationship between depressive symptoms, neurocognition and suicidal behavior could provide insights into the prognosis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide. We conducted a network analysis among depressed patients examining associations between history of suicide attempt (HSA), core emotional major depression disorder, and key neurocognitive domains. Depressed patients (n = 120) aged 18–65 years were recruited from a larger randomized clinical trial conducted at the Douglas Institute in Montreal, Canada. They were randomly assigned to receive one of two antidepressant treatments (i.e., escitalopram or desvenlafaxine) for 8 weeks. Core emotional MDD and key neurocognitive domains were assessed pre-post treatment. At baseline, an association between history of suicide attempt (HSA) and phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) suggested that HSA patients reported lower levels of the latter. After 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, HSA became conditionally independent from PVF. Similar results were found for both the HAM-D and the QIDS-SR core emotional MDD/neurocognitive networks. Network analysis revealed a pre-treatment relationship between a HSA and decreased phonemic VF among depressed patients, which was no longer present after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. • Core emotional MDD and key neurocognitive domains pre-post treatment associated with a history of suicide attempt. • Similar results for both the HAM-D and the QIDS-SR core emotional MDD/neurocognitive networks. • Network analysis revealed a pre-treatment relationship between a HSA and decreased phonemic VF among depressed patients. • Relationship between a HSA and decreased phonemic VF disappeared after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exciting left DLPFC activity with high frequency and inhibiting right DLPFC with low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) and executive functions. However, few studies have directly compared unilateral and bilateral protocols. Methods: Forty-seven individuals with treatment-resistant MDD underwent 10 sessions of rTMS over left DLPFC (20 Hz), bilateral DLPFC (left 20 Hz, right 1 Hz), or sham stimulation. Outcomes were depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), visual-spatialmemory (Corsi Block Test), response inhibition (Go/No-Go task), and cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) assessed before and after treatment. Results: Both unilateral and bilateral rTMS significantly reduced depression levels versus sham controls based on BDI-II scores. While bilateral stimulation did not improve Corsi Test performance, unilateral protocol enhanced visual-spatial memory. On the Go/No-Go task, accuracy was higher in both active stimulation groups compared to sham, with no response time differences. Neither unilateral nor bilateral rTMS had significant effects on cognitive flexibility per the WCST. Conclusions: Despite comparable antidepressant effects, unilateral stimulation had some cognitive advantages over bilateral rTMS, potentially due to greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex excitation. Further research on parameter optimization is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mental disorders are common and still growing problem around the globe. Significantly decreasing quality of life, they are often source of true suffering for patients and their families leading to further health issues or even dramatic outcomes resulting in death. As public awareness rises, more and more people understand risks and tend to look for help as fast as possible. Currently available treatment methods are not always efficient enough to deal with more complex cases. Therefore it is important to look for new therapy options incrementing chances of fast and successful treatment. Results: Studies showed that psilocybin is not only able to lower depression and anxiety scores in patients with major depressive disorders or with serious life-threatening conditions but also proved this effect to be long-lasting. At the same time, no or little adverse side effects were noticed. Conclusions: Psilocybin is potentially a good method for depression treatment in some groups of patients. It should be considered if other, better known therapies show little or no effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has disrupted lives worldwide, affecting individuals from all walks of life. Individuals who have a spinal cord injury (SCI) are also affected by this phenomenon. This survey compares the quality of life (QOL), depression, and anxiety of SCI patients before and during COVID-19 in Wuhan City, China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilized an online questionnaire to assess the QOL, levels of anxiety, and depression among 189 SCI patients admitted to Wuhan Tongji Hospital during pandemic from November 2020 to April 2021. Data before COVID-19 outbreak from November to December 2019 was retrieved from hospital records with the same assessment previously performed in-person or during a follow up visit. However, some participants were excluded for various reasons, such as declining to participate, not being admitted to a rehabilitation program due to the pandemic, or being under 18 years old. The World Health Organization's (WHO) QOL-Brief Version (BREF) and disability (DIS) modules, which focus on disability-related QOL, were used to assess the participants' QOL. Results: SCI patients had lower QOL scores during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic times. Mean scores on the 12-item DIS module significantly differed before and during the COVID-19 period. Participants showed higher adherence to self-isolation and quarantine measures for high-risk encounters (64.94%), but lower compliance with home disinfection and proper rest practices (23.38%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental effect on the QOL of SCI patients in China, highlighting the urgent requirement for telehealth-based rehabilitation to mitigate its impact. It is crucial to provide essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsTo assess the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention program (PIP) compared to standard attention in reducing caregiver burden after the intervention (at 4 months) and at follow-up (at 8 months).A multicenter, evaluator-blind, randomized controlled trial. The experimental group received a PIP intervention consisting of 10 weekly group sessions, while the control group received standard attention. The primary outcome was measured as the change scores from baseline on the caregiver’s burden (ZBI). The secondary outcomes evaluated included caregiver mental health (GHQ-28), anxiety (STAI), and depression (CES-D). Trial registration: ISRCTN16513116.The sample comprised 76 informal caregivers (41 allocated in the intervention condition and 35 in the control). The caregiver’s burden (ZBI) did not show significant differences between groups at 4 months or 8 months. There were favorable and significant changes in the caregiver’s mental health (GHQ) and depression (CES-D) at 4 months in the PIP group. There were no significant differences between groups in anxiety during the trial.The PIP intervention group reported positive effects on general mental health and depression after the intervention but not at follow-up. We need more studies which interventions follow expert recommendations and can sustain positive results over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnaA) injection in glabella area appears to be a promising treatment for major depression. However, one major concern of placebo‐controlled studies on botulinum toxin injections is to ensure adequate blinding. Patients and Methods: In this context, all subjects of this trial received the active product (OnaA). After randomization, 58 patients with resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) received OnaA either in the glabella area (N = 29) or in the crow's feet area (N = 29). Subjects were blinded to the supposedly effective area against resistant depression and the examiner was not aware of the injected area. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of responders (50% or greater decrease in MADRS [Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale] score from baseline) in glabella group versus crow's feet group at week 6 after the OnaA injection. Results: The number of responders was significantly higher in the glabella group than in the crow's feet group with 13 responders out of 29 patients (44.8%) in the glabella group and five out of 28 patients (17.9%) in the crow's feet group (p = 0.029). The rate of psychomotor agitation as measured by item 9 of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D), associated with a shorter span of psychiatric disorder, was a potent positive predictive factor of positive response to treatment. Conclusion: We conclude that OnaA injected in the glabella muscles is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for MDD. We suggest that patients with a high score at item 9 of the HAM‐D might be a subgroup of best responders. We assume that OnaA may act as a modulator of the activity of the primary sensorimotor cortex and then of the amygdala. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03484754 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poststroke aphasia hinders patients' emotional processing and social adaptation. This study estimated the risks of depression and related symptoms in patients developing or not developing aphasia after various types of stroke. Using data from the US Collaborative Network within the TriNetX Diamond Network, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults experiencing their first stroke between 2013 and 2022. Diagnoses were confirmed using corresponding International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Patients were stratified by poststroke aphasia status and stroke type, with propensity score matching performed to control for confounders. The primary outcome was depression within one year post-stroke; secondary outcomes included anxiety, fatigue, agitation, emotional impact, and insomnia. Each matched group comprised 12,333 patients. The risk of depression was significantly higher in patients with poststroke aphasia (hazard ratio: 1.728; 95% CI 1.464–2.038; p < 0.001), especially those with post-hemorrhagic-stroke aphasia (hazard ratio: 2.321; 95% CI 1.814–2.970; p < 0.001). Patients with poststroke aphasia also had higher risks of fatigue, agitation, and emotional impact. Anxiety and insomnia risks were higher in those with post-hemorrhagic-stroke aphasia. Poststroke aphasia, particularly post-hemorrhagic-stroke aphasia, may increase the risks of depression and associated symptoms, indicating the need for comprehensive psychiatric assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic health professionals were facing mental health challenges. The aim of this study was to examine the mental health of doctors, nurses and other professional groups in Europe and to identify differences between the professional groups. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 8 European countries. We asked for demographic data, whether the participants were exposed to COVID-19 at work, for main information sources about the pandemic, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and major stressors. A MANCOVA was carried out to find predictors of mental health among health care professionals. The sample (N = 1398) consisted of 237 physicians, 459 nurses, and 351 other healthcare professionals and 351 non-medical professionals with no direct involvement in patient care. The mean mental health of all groups was affected to a mild degree. Major predictors for depression and anxiety were the profession group with higher scores especially in the group of the nurses and working directly with COVID-patients. In the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological burden on health professionals has remained high, with being nurse and working directly with COVID19 patients being particular risk factors for mental distress. We found as a main result that nurses scored significantly higher on depression and anxiety than practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite efforts to promote guideline use, guideline adoption is often suboptimal due to failure to identify and address relevant barriers. Barriers vary not only between guidelines but also between settings, intended users, and targeted patients. Multi-professional guidelines are often used in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), making the implementation process more difficult. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about which barriers to consider or if barriers vary by profession. The aim of this study was to address these gaps by examining barriers to adopting a multi-professional depression guideline in the context of a nationwide implementation study. Methods: 440 CAMHS clinicians across Sweden (52%) completed the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BFAI) ahead of an implementation endeavour. BFAI is a widely used and validated measure of guideline implementation on four scales: Innovation, Provider, Context, and Patient. Barriers were calculated at scale and at item levels. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyse differences by profession and effect sizes were calculated. Results: Overall, clinicians were optimistic about guideline uptake, particularly about guideline characteristics and their own adoption ability. Barriers were related to the patient and the context domains, as well as to individual clinician knowledge and training. Perceptions differed across professions; psychiatrists were most, and counsellors were least positive about guideline embeddedness. Conclusion: This large-scale quantitative study suggests that CAMHS clinicians have an overall favourable attitude towards guideline adoption but highlights the need for adaptations to certain patient groups. Strategies to improve guideline use should primarily address these patient issues while securing proper support to the implementation. Implementation efforts, particularly those targeting staff knowledge, training, and involvement, may benefit from being tailored to different professional needs. These findings may inform implementation projects in CAMHS and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes and poor glycaemic control have been shown to negatively impact cognitive abilities, while also raising risk of both mood disorders and brain structural atrophy. Sites of atrophy include the hippocampus, which has been implicated in both memory performance and depression. The current study set out to better characterise the associations between poor glycaemic control, memory performance, and depression symptoms, and investigate whether loss of hippocampal volume could represent a neuropathological mechanism underlying these. Methods: 1331 participants (60.9% female, age range 18–88 (Mean = 44.02), 6.5% with likely diabetes) provided HbA1c data (as an index of glycaemic control), completed a word list learning task, and a validated depression scale. A subsample of 392 participants underwent structural MRI; hippocampal volumes were extracted using FreeSurfer. Results: Partial correlation analyses (controlling for age, gender, and education) showed that, in the full sample, poorer glycaemic control was related to lower word list memory performance. In the MRI sub-sample, poorer glycaemic control was related to higher depressive symptoms, and lower hippocampal volumes. Total hippocampus volume partially mediated the association between HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Results emphasise the impact of glycaemic control on memory, depression and hippocampal volume and suggest hippocampal volume loss could be a pathophysiological mechanism underlying the link between HbA1c and depression risk; inflammatory and stress-hormone related processes might have a role in this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Currently, the conclusions of studies on subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for improving Parkinson's disease (PD) with depression are inconsistent, and the reasons for improvement or deterioration remain unclear.The aim was to investigate the prognosis of PD with depression after bilateral STN‐DBS and the factors related to the improvement in depression. The local and network effects of DBS on depression in PD (DPD) were further explored based on the volume of tissue activation (VTA). The study analyzed 80 primary PD patients who had undergone bilateral STN‐DBS, comprising 47 patients with improved depression and 33 patients without improvement. Two groups of clinical profiles and stimulation parameters were compared, and the network models for improving depression were constructed.The improvement in depression was closely associated with improvement in anxiety (odd rate [OR] = 1.067, P = 0.006) and the standardized space left y‐coordinate (OR = 0.253, P = 0.005). The VTA overlapping with the left motor STN subregion is most significantly associated with improvement in depression (RSpearman = 0.53, P < 0.001; RPearson = 0.43, P < 0.001). The y‐coordinates in the improvement group were closer to the optimal stimulation site for improving motor symptoms. Finally, both the structural and functional network models indicate a positive correlation between depression improvement and the connectivity of the sensorimotor cortex.The amelioration of DPD is primarily attributed to the stimulation of bilateral motor STN, particularly on the left. However, this stimulatory effect manifests as an indirect influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the intervention effect of comprehensive psychological interventions on the mental health of the elderly population. Methods: 133 elderly aged 60 and above in two urban districts of Tianshui City from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected and divided into the intervention group (n=67) and the control group (n=66). The intervention group received comprehensive psychological interventions, with no intervention given to the control group. The anxiety rate, depression rate, loneliness rate and happiness rate of the two groups were collected and compared pre- and post-intervention. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) were used to compare the psychological status of the elderly pre- and post-intervention. Results: Differences in the inter-group main effects and time-point main effects for SAS, SDS, UCLA, and MUNSH scores of the intervention group were significant (all p<0.05). The SAS, SDS, and UCLA scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group after intervention. Meanwhile, the SAS and SDS scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group after intervention (all p<0.05). Moreover, the MUNSH score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group at 1-year follow-up postintervention (p<0.05). Compared with pre-intervention values, the proportions of anxiety, depression loneliness, and happiness in the intervention group were improved at 1-year follow-up post-intervention (all P<0.05). Conclusion: This study provides basis and important support for further investigations and the monitoring of health indicators in a population as fragile as the elderly. Targeted comprehensive psychological interventions can improve the negative emotions of community-dwelling elderly and maintain their physical and mental health. The "community-hospital linkage" mental health service model can improve the mental health status of community-dwelling elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging evidence indicated that depression is currently one of the most burdensome diseases worldwide, and it can lead to a variety of functional physical impairments. However, the studies estimated the association between depression and thyroid function remain sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between depression and thyroid function in the American population. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2012. In the 12,502 adults aged 20-80 years, weighted linear regression models and multiple logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between depression and thyroid function indicators. The thyroid indicators investigated were mainly free thyroxine (FT4), total T4 (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total T3 (TT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (Tg) and antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Results: The final results were reached after adjusting for various confounding factors. In the stratification analysis of subgroups divided by age, depression was significantly negatively correlated with FT4, FT3, and TT3 in both younger adults (p = 0.00122, p < 0.00001, and p = 0.00003) and older adults (p = 0.00001, p = 0.00004, and p < 0.00001). In contrast, depression was significantly negatively correlated with TT4 and Tg in older adults (p = 0.00054, p = 0.00695) and positively correlated in younger adults (p = 0.01352, p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis by gender revealed that depression was significantly negatively correlated with FT4, FT3, and TT3 in both adult males (p = 0.0164, p = 0.0204, and p = 0.0050) and adult females (p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001), which was more prominent in females. The positive correlation between depression symptoms and TPOAb was only found in adult females (p = 0.0282) and younger adults (p = 0.00488). Conclusion: This study confirmed a significant correlation between depressive and thyroid function and it varied among different genders or age. In the future, more prospective studies are needed to reveal these findings and confirm a causal relationship between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Discriminating bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a challenging clinical task. Identifying specific peripheral biosignatures that can differentiate between BD and MDD would significantly increase diagnostic accuracy. Dysregulated neuroplasticity is implicated in BD and MDD, and psychotropic medications restore specific disrupted processes by increasing neurotrophic signalling. The nerve growth factor inducible vgf gene (non-acronymic) encodes a precursor protein named proVGF, which undergoes proteolytic processing to produce several VGF peptides, some of which were suggested to be implicated in mood disorders and have antidepressant effects. Since the presence of VGF peptides in humans has been exclusively investigated in brain and cerebrospinal fluid, we aimed to identify which VGF peptides are present in the plasma and to investigate whether their levels could differentiate BD from MDD as well as responders from non-responders to pharmacological interventions. Methods: VGF peptides were investigated in plasma from patients diagnosed with MDD (n = 37) or BD (n = 40 under lithium plus n = 29 never exposed to lithium), as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 36). Results: Three VGF peptides (TLQP-11, AQEE-14, and NAPP-19) were identified using spectrometry analysis of plasma from HC. These peptides were then measured in the entire sample using ELISA, which showed significantly lower levels of AQEE and NAPP in BD than in HC and MDD (p = 5.0 × 10−5, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that lower plasma levels of NAPP and AQEE are specifically associated with BD, thus possibly representing a diagnostic biomarker in mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine affects one in ten individuals worldwide and is the second leading cause of disability. Studies have shown an association between migraine and the musculoskeletal system, and myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) play an essential role. Additionally, those with myofascial pain have been proven to experience higher levels of depression and anxiety. Understanding the association between MTrPs and migraine is crucial for developing targeted treatment strategies. Additionally, recognizing the link between MTrPs and migraine-related depression and anxiety underscores the importance of a holistic approach to migraine management. By addressing both musculoskeletal and neurological factors, healthcare providers can provide more effective and personalized care for migraine patients. This study aims to determine the association between MTrPs with migraine-related disability, anxiety, depression, and migraine characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 68 migraine patients from an outpatient neurology clinic. The number of MTrPs was determined through examination by an experienced neurologist during a migraine-free period using the recommended international criteria. We evaluated anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and disability with the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Results: We enrolled 68 patients (22 males) with a mean age of 36.23 ± 9.63 years. The mean number of MTrPs was 2.75 ± 2.934. MTrPs were positively correlated with severity (CC: 0.576, P-value < 0.001). There was no association between MTrPs and HADS-D or MIDAS, but migraine patients with abnormal HADS-A scores had more MTrPs than patients with normal HADS-A scores (0.6 ± 0.84 vs 3.56 ± 3.11, P-value:0.013). Conclusions: The number of MTrPs is associated with higher anxiety levels and headache intensity. Further research could investigate the impact of MTrP-based therapies on anxiety among individuals suffering from migraines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Waves of psychological research over 50 years have resulted in the development of scales to measure psychological resilience. Multiple psychological resilience definitions and factors have emerged during this time, making its measurement complex. The overall aim of the review was to identify and describe developments in the measurement of psychological resilience in the clinical mental healthcare setting. Specific objectives included (1) consideration of the validity and reliability of psychological resilience scales, (2) the effectiveness of the scales in clinical mental healthcare settings and (3) to identify the scope that resilience factors are addressed in the included scales. It provides a timely update regarding psychological resilience measurement tools and considers further developments that may be required. Between 2011 and 2024, databases were searched, and English‐language, peer‐reviewed papers with full text were extracted. Eligible studies were those reporting validated existing resilience measures or the outcomes of new measures for use in clinical mental healthcare settings. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. The review demonstrated that psychological resilience measures require further development, particularly focusing on the utility of measurement tools in clinical mental healthcare settings. In this review, we highlight an existing gap in resilience measurement and underscore the need for a new measure of psychological resilience that can effectively assess individuals' subjective experience of their psychological resilience in clinical mental healthcare settings. The currently available psychological resilience measures included in this review do not directly reflect all the factors that might impact a client's depression or anxiety and warrant further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correctional centres tend to negatively impact the mental health of incarcerated offenders, especially those unable to cope with or adjust to the correctional environment. Studies show higher rates of psychiatric disorders like depression among offenders compared to the general population. This study aimed to determine individual and combinations of possible predictors of depressed mood amongst adult male maximum-security incarcerated offenders. This study included 418 South African male incarcerated offenders, sampled using convenience sampling, and used a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design. The PAQ subscales (Internal Adjustment, External Adjustment, and Physical Adjustment) collectively accounted for 11.6% of the variance in the depressed mood. Hierarchical regression analysis further indicated that internal adjustment and physical adjustment were the only individual predictor variables that statistically and practically significantly predicted depressed mood. This study’s findings could aid in understanding the role of adjustment in developing and maintaining depressive mood states in the correctional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]