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Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by mosquitoes, has been a persistent health issue in Brazil. Recently, there has been an increase in cases of DENV-3 and DENV-4, in addition to the historically prevalent types 1 and 2. This may be due to changing climate patterns that favor the Aedes mosquito, the main vector for dengue transmission. The Brazilian Ministry of Health has reported a significant increase in dengue cases, with over 1.3 million possible cases in November 2023. The lack of diagnosed serotypes in most cases raises concerns about underreporting and the circulation of certain dengue serotypes. The recent outbreak of DENV-3 in São Paulo, after a 15-year absence, is particularly concerning and increases the risk of severe complications. It is important to enhance preventive strategies, especially for travelers to endemic regions, and collaborate on surveillance, research, and public health interventions to mitigate the impact of dengue fever. [Extracted from the article]