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Aim: To obtain input from multiple stakeholders and generate agreement on essential outcomes in implant dentistry using the Delphi methodology and incorporate them into an international consensus defining a core outcome set., Materials and Methods: Candidate outcomes in implant dentistry were generated from scientific evidence through five commissioned systematic reviews and from people with lived experience in dental implants (PWLE) through four international focus groups. A steering committee identified stakeholders among representatives from dental professionals, industry-related experts and PWLE. Participants underwent a three-round Delphi survey using a multi-stakeholder approach; they assessed candidate outcomes and additional outcomes identified in the first Delphi round. The process followed the COMET methodology., Results: From the 665 potential outcomes identified in the systematic reviews and 89 in the PWLE focus group, the steering committee selected 100 and organized them into 13 categories, to be included in the first-round questionnaire as candidate outcomes. A total of 99 dental experts, 7 dental-industry-related experts and 17 PWLE participated in the first round, and 11 additional outcomes were added to the second round. There was no attrition between the first and second rounds, where 61 (54.9%) outcomes exceeded the pre-established threshold of agreement. PWLE and experts participated in the third round that applied "a priori" standard filters to distil a list of candidate essential outcomes., Conclusion: This Delphi study utilized a standardized, transparent and inclusive methodology and preliminarily validated 13 essential outcomes organized into four core areas. These results informed the final stage of the ID-COSM consensus., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: Analysis of distribution of p-values of continuous differences between test and controls after randomization provides evidence of unintentional error, non-random sampling, or data fabrication in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We assessed evidence of highly unusual distributions of baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in clinical trials in implant dentistry., Materials and Methods: RCTs published between 2005 and 2020 were systematically searched in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Baseline patient data were extracted from full text articles by two independent assessors. The hypothesis of non-random sampling was tested by comparing the expected and the observed distribution of the p-values of differences between test and controls after randomization., Results: One-thousand five-hundred and thirty-eight unique RCTs were identified, of which 409 (26.6%) did not report baseline characteristics of the population, and 671 (43.6%) reported data in forms other than mean and standard deviation and could not be used to assess their random sampling. Four-hundred and fifty-eight trials with 1449 baseline variables in the form of mean and standard deviation were assessed. The study observed an over-representation of very small p-values [<.001, 1.38%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-2.12 compared to the expected 0.10%, 95% CI 0.00-0.26]. No evidence of over-representation of larger p-values was observed. Unusual distributions were present in 2.38% of RCTs and more frequent in non-registered trials, in studies supported by non-industry funding, and in multi-centre RCTs., Conclusions: The inability to assess random sampling due to insufficient reporting in 26.6% of trials requires attention. In trials reporting suitable baseline data, unusual distributions were uncommon, and no evidence of data fabrication was detected, but there was evidence of non-random sampling. Continued efforts are necessary to ensure high integrity and trust in the evidence base of the field., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The maxillary sinuses are anatomically adjacent to the apices of the maxillary posterior teeth through their lower portion known as the maxillary sinus floor. The aim of this study is to integrate the current state of knowledge based on scientific evidence regarding the clinical significance of maxillary sinus damage following endodontic pathology, and endodontic and implant treatments performed in the posterior maxilla. The data were obtained from articles in the specialized literature using Web of Knowledge Core Collection, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, and from specialized books. In the first part of the study, we analyzed maxillary sinus implications in endodontics, and, in the second part, maxillary sinus implications in implant dentistry. The specialized literature indicates that the spread of the periapical infection to the maxillary sinus is common. It also reveals that maxillary sinuses can often be affected during conservative and radical treatments of the maxillary posterior teeth. According to scientific evidence, the maxillary sinus floor represents a critical area in clinical dental practice, being an anatomical obstacle that requires careful management.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming global public health concern, threatening the effective treatment of common infections. This phenomenon is driven by the improper prescription of antibiotics. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns of antibiotic prescription in implant dentistry among European dentists and their awareness of antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: An anonymous online validated questionnaire was distributed via e‐mail to 6431 recipients through the European Association for Osseointegration. It comprised of 17 structured questions investigating demographic variables, working environment, clinical experience, attitude towards antibiotic prescription in particular in relation to implant dentistry and COVID‐19 pandemic, and awareness of antibiotic resistance. Data were collected from April to May 2023. Results: 281 dentists from 33 European countries completed the survey. Almost 80% affirmed to routinely prescribe antibiotics as prophylaxis as well as after dental implant placement, especially in medically compromised patients or in cases of bone grafting. Amoxicillin, alone (61%) or in combination with clavulanic acid (56%), was the most common antibiotic of choice. Awareness of penicillin resistance among respondents was high. For peri‐implantitis treatment, more than half reported the use of systemic antibiotics. The large majority (95%) did not prescribe more antibiotics since the beginning of COVID‐19 pandemic. Less than 40% declared to follow national guidelines for antibiotic prescription. Conclusion: This survey revealed a high prescription rate of antibiotics in implant dentistry, despite the awareness about antibiotic resistance among the respondents. The development and adherence to European guidelines has been identified as a potential strategy for improving antimicrobial stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentoring has been identified as a key component of training in implant dentistry. However there has been little guidance about how this should take place, the expected outcomes, who should be providing mentoring, and the processes involved. Dentists are required to ensure they are appropriately trained, competent and confident when undertaking clinical tasks. Mentoring will play a key role in giving assurance that these are in place. This article, which is partly based on the College of General Dentistry publication Mentoring in Implant Dentistry: Good Practice Guidelines, provides background and context to the role of mentoring in implant dentistry training programmes. Key components of structured mentoring programmes are described to assist mentors, mentees, and implant education providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly serious worldwide due to uncontrolled prescription. Dentists are among the groups that prescribe the most antibiotics, often to delay urgent treatment. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prescribing protocols adopted by dentists for prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy in major clinical surgical indications. Methods: A ten-question survey was administered to a group of Italian dentists. The participants were asked about their preferences for antibiotic administration for the prevention of infective endocarditis, the administration of antibiotics to patients allergic to penicillin, the insertion of implants, and the extraction of third molars. The retrieved data were screened and analyzed. Results: A total of 298 surveys were filled out. The most-prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin or amoxicillin with clavulanic acid or macrolides for allergic patients. The administration of two grams of amoxicillin one hour before surgery was the most widely used prescriptive protocol for prophylaxis. International guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis were only partially followed. The most heterogeneous results emerged for prophylaxis associated with dental implants or provided prior to surgical third-molar extraction. Conclusions: The present study shows widespread antibiotic prescriptive heterogeneity among the sample of dentists analyzed, especially in conditions where international guidelines are lacking. An evidence-based consensus on prescriptive modalities in dentistry would be desirable in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Introduction: Trust is a cornerstone of the patient–physician relationships. Unforeseen complications in the health care system could jeopardize patients’ trust in their physicians. (2) Aim: This article presents a quantitative figure regarding foreseeing the necessity of a three-dimensional quantitative visualization of bone structure and concurrently preparing for an ancillary procedure by a dentist to successfully perform the surgery that could minimize unforeseen complications; (3) Materials and method: This retrospective study has been derived based on an analysis of 1134 patients who had received 4800 dental implants from January 2001 to August 2020, out of which 200 cases were randomly selected for this study. Each procedure during implant treatment was categorized as OPG (Orthopantomography) or OPG with CBCT as per all the procedures which included and were coded as follows, 1: Surgery & Restoration, 2: GBR (Guided Bone Regeneration), 3: GTR (Guided Tissue Regeneration), 4: Block Bone Graft, 5: Spreading, 6: Splitting, 7: Internal Sinus, 8: External Sinus, 9: PRF (Platelet Rich Fibrin). Any of the 200 cases in which implant placement could not have been performed for reasons related to a lack of CBCT were selected for this study. The surgery was aborted halfway through without implant placement in these cases due to a lack of bone quantity and/or lack of primary stability. These cases were registered for re-evaluation and statistical analysis; (4) Results: 7% of the cases that used OPG alone led the surgeon to unexpectedly abort in the middle of the surgery without implant placement. All (100%) of the patients who had CBCT during treatment planning were able to receive implants during the surgery. None of the patients left the surgery without receiving implants if CBCT was used (0%); (5) Discussion: Radiographic image quality is defined as the amount of information within the image that allows the radiologist to make a diagnostic decision with a particular level of certainty (Martin et al., 1999) and hence the importance of CBCT. The unexpected 7% of devastating situations for patients who started surgery but did not have implant placement led to [A] aborting the surgery, [B] procedural difficulties requiring an alternative treatment plan, [C] a negative impact on the patient’s behavior, and [D] wanting to change doctor due to a lack of trust; (6) Conclusion: This study indicates that in implant dentistry patients’ mistrust could be avoided by 7% if CBCT is obtained. It also shows the significance of cone-beam computed tomography as an adjunct to panoramic radiography during the diagnosis and treatment planning phase. The use of panoramic radiography alone can lead to a 7% likelihood of misdiagnosis. A lack of CBCT during treatment planning negatively affects the outcome of surgical procedures.

The implementation of CAD software in the digital production of implant prosthetics stands as a pivotal aspect of clinical dentistry, necessitating high precision in the alignment of implant scanbodies. This study investigates the influence of scanbody geometry and the method of superimposing in CAD software when determining 3D implant position. A standardized titanium model with three bone-level implants was digitized to create reference STL files, and 10 intraoral scans were performed on Medentika and NT-Trading scanbodies. To determine implant position, the generated STL files were imported into the Exocad CAD software and superimposed—automatically and manually—with the scanbody geometries stored within the software’s shape library. Position accuracy was determined by a comparison of the 3D-defined scanbody points from the STL matching files with those from the reference STL files. The R statistical software was used for the evaluation of the data. In addition, mixed linear models and a significance level of 0.05 were applied to calculate the p-values. The manual overlay method was significantly more accurate than the automatic overlays for both scanbody types. The Medentika scanbodies showed slightly superior precision compared to the NT-Trading scanbodies. Both scanbody geometry and the type of alignment in the CAD software significantly affect digital workflow accuracy. Manual verification and adjustment of the automatic alignment process are essential for precise implant positioning.

Purpose: Citation-based metrics, such as the H-classics method, have been used as an indicator to assess academic performance in the scientific community. However, information addressing issues regarding self-citation, citation halflife, and subject area of origin in implant dentistry is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the citation characteristics of H-classics articles in implant dentistry throughout different time periods. Materials and Methods: H-classics implant dentistry articles were searched and selected by applying the H-classics method from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the citation characteristics, including institutional and journal self-citation, citation half-life, and subject area of origin of identified H-classics articles. Results: The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants and Clinical Oral Implants Research are the leading journals contributing the majority of citations to the retrieved H-classics articles. Articles published in the United States cited the most H-classics articles. Journal self-citation was 12.41% on average, while institutional self-citation was approximately 7.81%. Citation half-life decreased significantly across time periods, with an average decreasing ratio of 43.95%. Research on Scope III, bioengineering interventions, had the most prominent distribution citation frequency in the subject area “Others.” Conclusion: This study provides insightful views regarding citation characteristics of H-classics articles in implant dentistry (eg, interdisciplinary publications on bioengineering interventions) during the investigation periods, which may foster the translation of preclinical research into clinical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To obtain input from multiple stakeholders and generate agreement on essential outcomes in implant dentistry using the Delphi methodology and incorporate them into an international consensus defining a core outcome set. Materials and Methods: Candidate outcomes in implant dentistry were generated from scientific evidence through five commissioned systematic reviews and from people with lived experience in dental implants (PWLE) through four international focus groups. A steering committee identified stakeholders among representatives from dental professionals, industry‐related experts and PWLE. Participants underwent a three‐round Delphi survey using a multi‐stakeholder approach; they assessed candidate outcomes and additional outcomes identified in the first Delphi round. The process followed the COMET methodology. Results: From the 665 potential outcomes identified in the systematic reviews and 89 in the PWLE focus group, the steering committee selected 100 and organized them into 13 categories, to be included in the first‐round questionnaire as candidate outcomes. A total of 99 dental experts, 7 dental‐industry‐related experts and 17 PWLE participated in the first round, and 11 additional outcomes were added to the second round. There was no attrition between the first and second rounds, where 61 (54.9%) outcomes exceeded the pre‐established threshold of agreement. PWLE and experts participated in the third round that applied "a priori" standard filters to distil a list of candidate essential outcomes. Conclusion: This Delphi study utilized a standardized, transparent and inclusive methodology and preliminarily validated 13 essential outcomes organized into four core areas. These results informed the final stage of the ID‐COSM consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Lack of consistently reported outcomes limits progress in evidence‐based implant dentistry and quality of care. The objective of this initiative was to develop a core outcome set (COS) and measurements for implant dentistry clinical trials (ID‐COSM). Materials and Methods: This Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET)‐registered international initiative comprised six steps over 24 months: (i) systematic reviews of outcomes reported in the last 10 years; (ii) international patient focus groups; (iii) a Delphi project with a broad range of stakeholders (care providers, clinical researchers, methodologists, patients and industry representatives); (iv) expert group discussions organizing the outcomes in domains using a theoretical framework and identifying the COSs; (v) identification of valid measurement systems to capture the different domains and (vi) final consensus and formal approval involving experts and patients. The methods were modified from the best practice approach following the Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial and COMET manuals. Results: The systematic reviews and patient focus groups identified 754 (665 + 89, respectively) relevant outcome measures. After elimination of redundancies and duplicates, 111 were formally assessed in the Delphi project. By applying pre‐specified filters, the Delphi process identified 22 essential outcomes. These were reduced to 13 after aggregating alternative assessments of the same features. The expert committee organized them into four core outcome areas: (i) pathophysiology, (ii) implant/prosthesis lifespan, (iii) life impact and (iv) access to care. In each area, core outcomes were identified to capture both the benefits and harms of therapy. Mandatory outcome domains included assessment of surgical morbidity and complications, peri‐implant tissue health status, intervention‐related adverse events, complication‐free survival and overall patient satisfaction and comfort. Outcomes deemed mandatory in specific circumstances comprised function (mastication, speech, aesthetics and denture retention), quality of life, effort for treatment and maintenance and cost effectiveness. Specialized COSs were identified for bone and soft‐tissue augmentation procedures. The validity of measurement instruments ranged from international consensus (peri‐implant tissue health status) to early identification of important outcomes (patient‐reported outcomes identified by the focus groups). Conclusions: The ID‐COSM initiative reached a consensus on a core set of mandatory outcomes for clinical trials in implant dentistry and/or soft tissue/bone augmentation. Adoption in future protocols and reporting on the respective domain areas by currently ongoing trials will contribute to improving evidence‐informed implant dentistry and quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation in the healthcare profession to solve complex human problems has always been emulated and based on solutions proven by nature. The conception of different biomimetic materials has allowed for extensive research that spans several fields, including biomechanics, material sciences, and microbiology. Due to the atypical characteristics of these biomaterials, dentistry can benefit from these applications in tissue engineering, regeneration, and replacement. This review highlights an overview of the application of different biomimetic biomaterials in dentistry and discusses the key biomaterials (hydroxyapatite, collagen, polymers) and biomimetic approaches (3D scaffolds, guided bone and tissue regeneration, bioadhesive gels) that have been researched to treat periodontal and peri-implant diseases in both natural dentition and dental implants. Following this, we focus on the recent novel application of mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) and their appealing adhesive properties, in addition to their key chemical and structural properties that relate to the engineering, regeneration, and replacement of important anatomical structures in the periodontium, such as the periodontal ligament (PDL). We also outline the potential challenges in employing MAPs as a biomimetic biomaterial in dentistry based on the current evidence in the literature. This provides insight into the possible increased functional longevity of natural dentition that can be translated to implant dentistry in the near future. These strategies, paired with 3D printing and its clinical application in natural dentition and implant dentistry, develop the potential of a biomimetic approach to overcoming clinical problems in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the predoctoral comprehensive digital implant dentistry program at the University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry (UKCD). UKCD has implemented a digital dentistry workflow in the dental curriculum for predoctoral and graduate programs since 2018. Digital implant dentistry education involves using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for diagnosis and treatment planning, intraoral scanner for digital impression, and treatment planning software to plan for single implant-supported restorations and implant-retained mandibular overdenture cases. The laboratory components include virtual designing of a surgical guide and using three-dimensional printing to fabricate a fully guided surgical template for implant placement procedures for the patient. In the last 3 years, including the COVID year, a total of 294 implants have been placed by dental students. Unfortunately, 6 implants failed in the early healing time due to infection, with an overall success rate of 98%. These treatment outcomes are very favorable compared with published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, Wuhan city of China announced the epidemic of COVID-19 as a public health disaster which has been recognized as an uncommon type of single stranded RNA virus belonging to Coronaviridae family and then quickly spread all over the world. Clinically symptomatic patients are identified as the primary source of COVID-19 transmission. Most of dental procedures require the use of high-speed handpieces which leads to aerosol generation. Implant dentistry is the field of dentistry which deals with prosthetic rehabilitation with minimal aerosol generation ensuring an aseptic surgical environment. There are several decisive recommendations regarding COVID-19 precautions that should be appreciated in implant dentistry. Sharp drills in slow speed drilling machines are preferred during surgery. Regular irrigation with high volume suction is greatly encouraged. Osteotomes are encouraged over ultrasonic devices to minimize the generation of aerosols during surgical procedures. Immediate implants placement is more preferred as the number of visits to the dentists is reduced. Impression techniques should be shifted to the digital approach instead of conventional methods. Full mouth rehabilitation cases requiring complex procedures should be accomplished restrictedly.

In 2019, Wuhan city of China announced the epidemic of COVID-19 as a public health disaster which has been recognized as an uncommon type of single stranded RNA virus belonging to Coronaviridae family and then quickly spread all over the world. Clinically symptomatic patients are identified as the primary source of COVID-19 transmission. Most of dental procedures require the use of high-speed handpieces which leads to aerosol generation. Implant dentistry is the field of dentistry which deals with prosthetic rehabilitation with minimal aerosol generation ensuring an aseptic surgical environment. There are several decisive recommendations regarding COVID-19 precautions that should be appreciated in implant dentistry. Sharp drills in slow speed drilling machines are preferred during surgery. Regular irrigation with high volume suction is greatly encouraged. Osteotomes are encouraged over ultrasonic devices to minimize the generation of aerosols during surgical procedures. Immediate implants placement is more preferred as the number of visits to the dentists is reduced. Impression techniques should be shifted to the digital approach instead of conventional methods. Full mouth rehabilitation cases requiring complex procedures should be accomplished restrictedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objective: In current clinical dental practice radiographic imaging plays a major role in exploring the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and maxillary posterior teeth root apices, especially when there is an involvement of pathology in the periapical area that may lead to infectious, inflammatory or traumatic changes in the maxillary sinus (MS). It is also essential for exact implant placement, and therapeutic and surgical plans. The prevalence of different forms of anatomic relationship of the MSF to posterior root apices from one population to another is large. Hence the current research was conceived to evaluate the horizontal and vertical relationship forms of posterior root apices to the MSF in the Al-Qassim population of Saudi Arabia using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: To conduct the study, a total of 200 patients' data (100 male and 100 female) were taken from the archives. The linear distances of the root apices to the MSF were measured for maxillary posterior teeth. On cross-sectional CBCT images, the Kwak et al. criteria were used to assess the horizontal and vertical relationships between the root apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the MSF. Results: The mean distance between the apices of the maxillary second premolar ranged from 4.63 mm to 6.49 mm. The mean value of the distance between the apices of the posterior teeth and the MSF had a range of 0.68 ± 0.39 mm on the disto-buccal root (DBR) of the maxillary right second molar to 3.93 ± 1.26 mm on the palatal root (PR) of the maxillary left first molar. A similar result was observed in the maxillary second molar DBR in the male group (0.68 ± 1.17 mm) and the female group (0.69 ± 1.17 mm). The most frequently observed vertical relations were type 2 and type 2H horizontal relations. Conclusion: This study concludes that maxillary molar roots show greater proximity with the MSF when compared with premolars, and that the type 2 vertical and type 2H horizontal distribution suggests that the anatomy of each tooth and the maxillary sinus floor should be evaluated by CBCT prior to treatment planning.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the literature in terms of the effect of peri‐implant mucosal thickness on esthetic outcomes and the efficacy of soft tissue augmentation procedures to increase the mucosal thickness with autogenous grafts or soft tissue substitutes. Material and methods: Two systematic reviews (SR) were performed prior to the consensus meeting to assess the following questions. Review 1, focused question: In systemically healthy patients with an implant‐supported fixed prosthesis, what is the influence of thin as compared to thick peri‐implant mucosa on esthetic outcomes? Review 2, focused question 1: In systemically healthy humans with at least one dental implant (immediate or staged implant), what is the efficacy of connective tissue graft (CTG), as compared to absence of a soft tissue grafting procedure, in terms of gain in peri‐implant soft tissue thickness (STT) reported by randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs)? Review 2, focused question 2: In systemically healthy humans with at least one dental implant (immediate or staged implant), what is the efficacy of CTG, as compared to soft tissue substitutes, in terms of gain in peri‐implant STT reported by RCTs or CCTs? The outcomes of the two SRs, the consensus statements, the clinical implications, and the research recommendations were discussed and subsequently approved at the consensus meeting during the group and plenary sessions. Conclusions: There was a tendency of superior esthetic outcomes in the presence of a thick mucosa. The connective tissue graft remains the standard of care in terms of increasing mucosa thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of spin and completeness of reporting of systematic reviews with metanalysis (SRMAs) in implant dentistry. Study Design and Setting: Inclusion criteria were SRMAs of randomized clinical trials of implant dentistry on survival, success, or failure rates in humans, with no language restriction. Three databases were searched from inception to May 2021. Main outcomes were prevalence of spin (primary outcome) and completeness of reporting (secondary outcome) in abstracts and full texts. Results: We identified 2481 SRMAs and 45 unique manuscripts were included. There was a low presence of spin in the abstracts and full text, except for adverse events, in which 51.1% (in the abstract) failed to mention any adverse event for summarized interventions. There was an adequate report of SRMAs in the full text except for prospective register (33.3% not reported). However, there was an incomplete report for most items in the abstract considering PRISMA‐A checklist. Conclusion: In general, the included SRMAs presented a (a) low prevalence of spin (except for adverse events in the abstract); (b) adequate completeness of reporting in the full text (except for prospective register); and (c) incomplete report for most items in the abstracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose Although various prophylactic and/or postoperative systemic antibiotic regimens have been suggested to minimize failure after dental implant placement and postoperative infection, the role of antibiotics in implant dentistry is still controversial. The purposes of this questionnaire study were to determine the current antibiotic prescribing habits of clinicians in conjunction with dental implant placement and to understand whether any consensus has been reached among implant surgery performing clinicians. Methods An electronic questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to all members of the Turkish Dental Society. The questions were related to whether antibiotics were routinely prescribed either pre- or/and postoperatively during routine dental implant placement. The respondents were also asked to specify their workplace and education. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were used to compare categorical data; Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the quantitative data by category. Results A total of 429 members responded to the questionnaire. The clinicians having more experience had a greater tendency to prescribe preoperative antibiotics (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the postoperative antibiotic prescription choice of the clinician according to the clinicians’ experience (p > 0.05). A total of 175 of the clinicians preferred to prescribe preoperative antibiotics when there was systemic comorbidity; 99 of the clinicians preferred to prescribe antibiotics before every implant surgery. The aminopenicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics by the clinicians. A total of 38.58% of the respondents (n = 130) who were prescribing preoperative antibiotics, 2000 mg aminopenicillin was given 1 h before the surgical procedure. Dentists and solo private practitioners were prescribing more preoperative antibiotics (p < 0,05). Conclusions There was no consensus among clinicians regarding the use of antibiotics in association with routine dental implant placement. Aminopenicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for both pre- and postoperatively. Furthermore, most of the antibiotic regimens being used are not in accordance with the current published data.

Abstract Background An ongoing debate in dental education is whether implant dentistry, as a multidisciplinary domain, should be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perspectives of novices, clinical educators, and experienced dentists with regard to the importance of theoretical and practical implant dentistry teaching content in undergraduate dental education. The specific objective was to determine whether a consensus could be found concerning aspects of theoretical knowledge, implant position planning, implantation, prosthetic treatment procedures, postoperative care, and prerequisite experiences that should be provided in undergraduate dental education. Results A positive consensus existed in terms of theoretical education, assistance in surgical and prosthodontic procedures, implant planning and restoration in straightforward cases (i.e., posterior single crowns and bridges, overdentures on nonconnected implants), and postoperative care. A negative consensus existed for bone augmentation. Implantation was supported by novices (i.e., students and graduates). In addition, more experienced dentists were more likely to oppose implantation performed by undergraduates. The most preferred implantation method was implant insertion using a digitally fabricated drilling template, after surgical flap elevation. Conclusions Students and graduates preferred a comprehensive undergraduate education that included implant dentistry. Dentists working in private practice, and especially dentists working as university educators, were critical towards the integration of implant-related learning content into undergraduate education. The intention of medical education is to impart knowledge to students and to prepare them for life-long learning and continual professional development after graduation. Thus, an undergraduate dental curriculum that provides students a solid introduction and knowledge foundation in implant dentistry is recommended.

Background: Occlusal loading of osseointegrated implants is believed to be an essential determining factor in the long-term success of an implant treatment. Numerous studies have been conducted on the evaluation of stress distribution by definitive restoration materials for Implant-supported fixed prosthesis, but very few have evaluated provisional restoration materials for the same. This study aims to evaluate the influence of provisional restoration material – Milled Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Milled Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), over stress distribution on the peri-implant bone around an implant-supported three-unit, fixed dental prosthesis using finite element analysis method. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional models of a pair of bone-level implant system and titanium base abutments were created using the standard tessellation language data of original implant components. A bone block representing the mandibular posterior area was created, and the implants were placed in the bone block with 100% osseointegration in the 2nd premolar to 2nd molar region. A superstructure of an implant-supported 3-unit bridge was modeled on top of the abutments, each crown to be 8 mm in height and with an outer diameter of 6 mm in 2nd premolar region and 10 mm in 1st molar and 2nd molar region. Two different models were created according to combinations of provisional restoration materials, namely, Milled PMMA and Milled PEEK based on. In each model, the implants were loaded vertically (300 N) and obliquely (150 N at 30°). The stress distribution in the cortical bone, cancellous bone, and implant was evaluated through the von Mises stress analysis. Results: The results showed no difference in stress distribution due to the different provisional restorations – Milled PMMA and Milled PEEK. In addition, the vertical load resulted in higher stress values in the implant components, cortical bone, and cancellous bone in both PEEK and PMMA models as compared to oblique loading. Conclusion: The new polymer, PEEK was seen to provide comparable stress generation in the current study without exceeding the physiological limits of peri-implant bone. Thus, it can be considered as a good alternative to PMMA resin as a provisional crown material since it provides certain additional benefits.

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the autogenous tooth bone and xenogenic bone grafted in immediate implant placement with bone defect. Methods Thirty patients whose compromised anterior teeth need immediate implant placement were enrolled. Autogenous tooth bone made from the extracted teeth by chair-side or the xenogenic bone were used to repaired bone defect. Clinical examination, radiographic assessment about the horizontal bone change in the level of 0 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm below the implant neck and the marginal bone loss were made immediately, 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Questionnaire of the feelings about the surgery were made at the time of removing the sutures. Results All implants achieved the success criteria without any complications at the follow-up period. The percent of the horizontal bone change and the marginal bone loss at 6 and 12 months were almost the same between two groups (P > .05). The horizontal bone loss at the first or the latter 6 months was almost the same (P > .05). But the horizontal bone loss at the 6 mm level was less than the 0 mm and 3 mm levels at 6 and 12 months (P

This study presents statistically processed morphometric data on maxillary and mandibular keratinised mucosa height and some clinical considerations. Measurements were performed at incisive, premolar and molar levels, in the maxillary and the mandibular jaws, in 31 patients (21 women and 10 men). The results obtained were centralised and the mean values of the keratinised mucosa height were determined, which were graphically presented. These results were then discussed by comparing with the findings in other studies.

Periodontitis is the inflammation of hard and soft tissues of periodontal structures; if left untreated may lead to the tooth loss. Replacement of the missing tooth with an implant has gained immense popularity in the last few decades. Currently, development of a periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment around dental implants has now become an important new therapeutic tool to replace lost teeth. PDL houses various vital cells that are all important in the dynamic relationship between the tooth and the bone. Thus, ligaplants are now an available option to improve the biological performance and to prolong the life of the prosthesis.

Background: The perception that the specialty of prosthodontics has changed over time is subjective and largely based on personal belief, with little data to uphold this view in the literature. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of presentation categories at each International College of Prosthodontists Conference from 1999 to 2017 and identify trends. Methods: Available ICP Conference Programs were sourced from the ICP Administration and the titles of all presentations reviewed and catalogued into one of 13 presentation categories. The number of presentations in each category was expressed as a percentage of the total number of presentations for each conference and statistically analyzed for trends throughout the study period. Results: 69.61% of all presentations from all conferences were categorized as one of implant dentistry; materials, CAD-CAM and digital technologies; removable prosthodontics and edentulism; or fixed prosthodontics. 46.38% were categorized as implant dentistry or materials, CAD-CAM and digital technologies. The frequency of presentations of fixed prosthodontics significantly decreased while the frequency of implant dentistry; maxillo-facial prosthodontics; geriatric dentistry and medically compromised patients; and clinical case presentations and treatment planning significantly increased (p

Introduction: Dental implant is an artificial root that is surgically inserted into the jawbone to support a single-tooth replacement, fixed partial, complete denture, or maxillofacial prosthesis. It has become increasingly important. Endosseous dental implants are typically screw shaped, inserted into either the maxilla or mandible, and serve to replace the tooth root. Aim: This study aims to estimate awareness and promote the use of various retention modes used for implant dentistry. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire has been prepared and distributed to 100 dental undergraduate students of Saveetha Dental College. There are no inclusion and exclusion criteria. The resulting data have been analyzed using statistical software. Results: In the present survey, 75 females and 25 males had been participated. In that, 98 members already done implant. Among 100 practicing dentists, 50 members recommended cement-retained restoration, 49 members recommended screwretained restoration, and 1 person recommended attachment-retained restoration. Conclusion: From this present survey, we concluded that the awareness of various retention modes used for implant dentistry among the practicing dentists is not enough. They need some more awareness of various retention modes used for implant dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An ongoing debate in dental education is whether implant dentistry, as a multidisciplinary domain, should be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perspectives of novices, clinical educators, and experienced dentists with regard to the importance of theoretical and practical implant dentistry teaching content in undergraduate dental education. The specific objective was to determine whether a consensus could be found concerning aspects of theoretical knowledge, implant position planning, implantation, prosthetic treatment procedures, postoperative care, and prerequisite experiences that should be provided in undergraduate dental education. Results: A positive consensus existed in terms of theoretical education, assistance in surgical and prosthodontic procedures, implant planning and restoration in straightforward cases (i.e., posterior single crowns and bridges, overdentures on nonconnected implants), and postoperative care. A negative consensus existed for bone augmentation. Implantation was supported by novices (i.e., students and graduates). In addition, more experienced dentists were more likely to oppose implantation performed by undergraduates. The most preferred implantation method was implant insertion using a digitally fabricated drilling template, after surgical flap elevation. Conclusions: Students and graduates preferred a comprehensive undergraduate education that included implant dentistry. Dentists working in private practice, and especially dentists working as university educators, were critical towards the integration of implant-related learning content into undergraduate education. The intention of medical education is to impart knowledge to students and to prepare them for life-long learning and continual professional development after graduation. Thus, an undergraduate dental curriculum that provides students a solid introduction and knowledge foundation in implant dentistry is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been incorporated in digital workflows within implant dentistry. This article reviews the main polymer AM technologies in implant dentistry, as well as their applications in the field such as manufacturing surgical guides, custom trays, working implant casts, and provisional restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Teaching of maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is challenging for dental educators due to the varied sinus anatomy and high rate of complications. The method integrating problem-based learning and case-based learning (PBL-CBL method) may be more effective than the traditional teacher-centered method. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of the PBL-CBL method in teaching MSFA. Materials & Methods. Ninety-two students who received training between 2015 and 2017 at the Department of Implant Dentistry were divided randomly into an experimental group and a control group. Students in the experimental group were trained using the PBL-CBL method, while those in the control group were trained using the traditional teacher-centered method. After three months of training, a survey of the students' opinions about the corresponding teaching method was carried out through a feedback questionnaire. A theory test was used to investigate the level of MSFA knowledge among the students. A case analysis was designed to test whether the students can apply the knowledge in solving new problems. Results. Compared with the control method, the PBL-CBL method resulted in higher scores in both the theory test and the case analysis, and obtained a higher rate of satisfaction among the students. The difference in scores between the two methods were statistically significant (P <0:01), Conclusion. The PBL-CBL method resulted in better results regarding acquisition of academic knowledge, ability in case analysis and student satisfaction compared with the teacher-centered method. It may be a promising mode for teaching complex surgical techniques in implant dentistry and other dental fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current results of the application of the polymer poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone in implant dentistry are reported with highlight on the benefit for the implant biological outcome while representing an alternative to metal. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using only 7 programs. Orthophos Plus permits transverse conventional tomograms of all maxillomandibular regions. The precision of the magnification factors of these programs is very high. Factors influencing the image quality of the 7 programs were assessed. Image quality depends on technical precision and on correct patient positioning, ie, jaw axis alignment to the direction of projection. This procedure with 7 programs is more demanding than the procedure for x-ray units that use many programs for the different projections. Especially for implantology, it is important that the patient's jaw be positioned in accordance with the projection to avoid oblique cuts and incorrect information about the jaw dimensions. The correct region is best selected by positioning a cast in the positioning aids prior to exposure and using the same setting for the patient's exposures. For correct implant planning, it is helpful to digitize the tomo-grams with Friacom so that despite different magnification factors of the programs, the correct implant dimensions are determined. I! these suggestions are followed, use of these programs m dental practice can be recommended [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to evaluate the contemporary treatment modalities in implant dentistry. The aim of the study is to evaluate the contemporary treatment modalities in implant dentistry and to evaluate various implant treatment options in dentistry. A literature search was done in the following databases: (1) Medline (Ovid), (2) PubMed, (3) Embase, and (4) Google Scholar. To assess the implant longevity, the bone quality and its clinical evaluation were evaluated. Clinicians should actively reassure edentulous patients to attend annual recall evaluations, to consider denture replacement in a timely manner, and to contemplate the potential use of end osseous dental implants as an operative means of improving their own perceptions of function, appearance, and image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been often described as a major innovation Higher Education, but their application in the teaching of clinical disciplines is still very limited, while there is a lack of scientific evaluations in this domain. The aim of this study was to investigate learners' behaviours and correlate patterns of Self‐Regulated Learning (SRL) with performance and achievement during a MOOC in Implant Dentistry. Methods: The clickstream data of learners from the first run of the MOOC Implant dentistry by The University of Hong Kong were modelled and quantified based on Zimmerman's SRL model. The data were quantitatively analysed by means of k‐means clustering for evidence of five SRL behavioural indicators of student activity. The clusters identified were then correlated with student engagement and learning performance. Results: A total of 7608 individuals enrolled, 5014 engaged (active learners 65.90%), 1277 of them (25.47%) completed the course and 1232 purchased a certificate. Two major groups of learners emerged: Attentive (n = 1433) who were more likely to follow the prescribed pathway in the MOOC and Auditors (n = 3581) who accessed content selectively. There was significantly higher engagement, achievement and completion rates among Attentive than Auditors. Both groups included subcategories (Browser, Digger, Test‐driven, Sampler, Persistent) which might reflect different SRL strategies. Conclusion: A MOOC in a clinical discipline can achieve high enrolment and completion rates as compared to current benchmarks. There appears to be a wide diversity of learning behaviours among learners, with two however dominant patterns. Learners with a linear learning pathway achieved significantly higher grades and completion rates than those who accessed content irregularly and selectively. Such differences however might be influenced by the demographic and professional background of the learner, as well as their motivation to attending the MOOC. Certain learning behaviours, in particular how learners access content in relation to assessments might be closer related to SRL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary implant dentistry needs to provide solutions to our patients that are not only functional but also esthetically correct and have the inbuilt strength and mechanisms to provide longevity without any major biologic or hardware complications. In case such complications occur, there must be a well laid out pathway for their management. This article discusses common hardware issues with implant dentistry and ways to prevent them and manage them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The enhanced aesthetic and biocompatibility features of ceramics over metals have been driven implant dentistry to a metal-free practice. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the sustainable potential of this migration. The main metallic and ceramic materials used in implant dentistry were evaluated through a comparison of the carbon footprint, embodied energy and water consumption related to their primary production and the mechanical properties. The materials evaluated were: alumina (Al 2 O 3), yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), stainless steel 316L (SS), cobalt chromium alloy (CoCr), commercially pure (cp-Ti) titanium and alpha-beta titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). A dedicated software for environmental impact assessment providing a materials properties database was used in this analysis. The results showed that the primary production of ceramic materials tends to have a less significant impact compared with metallic materials, with lower values for the generation of greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption and embodied energy. These results indicate that the migration currently seen in implant dentistry from using metallic components to ceramic ones is positive from an environmental perspective. Graphical abstract Image 108132 Highlights • There is tendency to use new bioceramic components rather than metallic components. • Environmental impacts associated at production of biomaterials is a new approach. • Properties of metallic and ceramic materials used in implant dentistry are compared. • Carbon footprint, embodied energy and water consumption are preliminarily estimated. • Results show that the migration to "metal-free" devices is environmentally positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic outcomes have become key elements that are crucial in defining success of the implant restorations. Long-term studies demonstrated that single or multiple implants are highly predict able with high survival rates. However, in the anterior maxillary zone, the aesthetic achievement of implant therapy is as important as the implant survival rates. Several factors contribute to this "success" and can be objectively evaluated. These include the patient's healing capabilities, the level and condition of the existings of t and hard tissues, and the provisional and final restorations. In addition to these objective factors, Implant positioning also plays a significant role in achieving this"success."This special issue contributes to the growing body of existing literature by examining several important issues related to the aesthetic aspects of maxillary implants and their increasingly important role in implant dentistry. These include implant positioning, surgical techniques for tissue augmentation, and the aesthetics offinal implant-supported restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]