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Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis with predilection for coronary arteries. Due to a lack of reliable confirmatory laboratory tests, the diagnosis of KD is based on a characteristic pattern of clinical findings that appear in a typical temporal sequence. The diagnostic criteria have been periodically modified and the American Heart Association has proposed the most recent guidelines for its diagnosis. However, patients may have incomplete or atypical forms of KD and diagnosis can often be difficult. Because oropharyngeal manifestations are a common and important feature for diagnosing KD and recent studies have hypothesized a possible association between KD and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in this review we highlight the importance of dentists in the diagnosis of KD and its potential association with SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 impacts on the activities of researchers in the field of Oral Medicine (OM) and Oral Pathology (OP). To assess the research activities and training of human resources by Brazilian productivity fellows in research (BPFR) in OM and OP in the COVID-19 Era . Material and Methods: Thirty-six BPFR in OM and OP areas, funded by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), received a virtual structured questionnaire by e-mail, on the Google Forms (Google®) platform, with questions regarding research activities and training of human resources (supervision of undergraduate and postgraduate students), during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the thirty-six BPFR in OM and OP, twenty-seven (75.0%) answered the questionnaire. Results: Most of them were males (n=20; 74.1%) and were distributed in four Brazilian regions and ten states of the federation, including the Federal District. Twenty-four (88.9%) BPFR reported having suspended clinical activities, while sixteen (59.3%) answered that histopathology practices are suspended. Twenty-five (92.6%) BPFR mentioned difficulties in conducting research projects and 55.5% stated having no difficulties in the supervision of undergraduates, master’s and PhD students . Conclusion: The current scenario may significantly impact the diagnosis of oral diseases in Brazil. Moreover, a decrease in the scientific production of BPFR in OM and OP in the coming years is also considered.

Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in complete deciduous dentition of children with NSCL/P. Methods: this study included 75 children with NSCL/P and 286 healthy control. In both groups the children had deciduous dentition with ages varying from 4 to 6 years. Clinical examination, panoramic and periapical radiographies were performed and dental anomalies of number and shape were considered. Results: there was a higher prevalence of dental anomalies in the case group, compared to the control group. In all, 42 dental anomalies were identified, 25.33% in the case group and 8.04% in control group (p

Introduction: Bifid uvula is a frequently observed anomaly in the general population and can be regarded as a marker for submucous cleft palate. Objective: In this study aimed to determine the frequency of bifid uvula and submucous cleft palate and their relationship with oral clefts in a Brazilian population. Methods: We conducted a transversal, descriptive and quantitative study of 1206 children between August 2014 and December 2015. A clinical examination of the children was conducted by means of inspection of the oral cavity with the aid of a tongue depressor and directed light. After the clinical examination in children, parents answered a questionnaire with questions about basic demographic information and their family history of oral clefts in their first-degree relatives. After application of the questionnaires, the information collected was archived in a database and analyzed by the statistical program SPSS® version 19.0, by applying Chi-Square tests. Values with p

ObjectiveTo determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to craniofacial development, which were previously identified as susceptibility signals for nonsyndromic oral clefts, in Brazilians with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P).DesignThe SNPs rs748044 (TNP1), rs1106514 (MSX1), rs28372960, rs15251 and rs2569062 (TCOF1), rs7829058 (FGFR1), rs1793949 (COL2A1), rs11653738 (WNT3), and rs242082 (TIMP3) were assessed in a family-based transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and a structured case-control analysis based on the individual ancestry proportions.SettingThe SNPs were initially analyzed by TDT, and polymorphisms showing a trend toward excess transmission were subsequently studied in an independent case-control sample.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of 189 case-parent trios of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P), 107 case-parent trios of nonsyndromic cleft palate (NSCP), 318 isolated samples of NSCL±P, 189 isolated samples of NSCP, and 599 healthy controls.Main Outcome MeasureAssociation of alleles with NSCL/P pathogenesis.ResultsPreferential transmission of SNPs rs28372960 and rs7829058 in NSCL±P trios and rs11653738 in NSCP trios ( P = .04) were observed, although the structured case-control analysis did not confirm these associations. The haplotype T-C-C formed by TCOF1 SNPs rs28372960, rs15251, and rs2569062 was more frequently transmitted from healthy parents to NSCL±P offspring, but the P value ( P = .01) did not withstand Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.ConclusionsWith the modest associations, our results do not support the hypothesis that TNP1, MSX1, TCOF1, FGFR1, COL2A1, WNT3, and TIMP3 variants are risk factors for nonsyndromic oral clefts in the Brazilian population.

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) represent the most common congenital anomalies of the face.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (nsCL/P).METHODS: We conducted an observational, case-control study, with a case study group composed of 61 patients with nsCL/P, aged 7-17 years, and a control group of 61clinically normal patients. Both groups were selected at the same institution.RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were observed in the case group (nsCL/P), but there were no statistically significant differences compared to the control group. No association was found between the two groups (case and control) in relation to sociodemographic variables: gender, age and education.CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with nsCL/P from a localized geographic population, although the results were not statistically significant when compared to the control group, not justifying the use of CDI (Child Depression Inventory) as a screening instrument for depressive symptoms in the examined population. INTRODUÇÃO: Fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas (FL/Ps) representam as anomalias craniofaciais mais comuns.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em crianças e adolescentes não sindrômicos com FL/P (FL/PNS).MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo observacional de caso-controle com uma amostra populacional de conveniência, com um grupo caso (61 pacientes com FL/PNS, tendo idades entre 7 a 17 anos) e um grupo controle (61 pacientes clinicamente normais). Ambos os grupos foram selecionados na mesma Instituição.RESULTADOS: Sintomas depressivos foram observados no grupo caso (FL/PNS), mas não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando comparado com o grupo controle. Não foi encontrada associação entre os dois grupos (caso e controle) em relação às variáveis sociodemográficas: gênero, idade e educação.CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo observou a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em crianças e adolescentes com FL/PNS de uma população geográfica localizada, embora os resultados não tenham sido estatisticamente significantes quando comparado com o grupo controle, não justificando assim a utilização de instrumentos rastreadores de sintomas depressivos na população analisada.

Objective: To discuss the risk of cancer among relatives of individuals with cleft lip and palate (CL/P), as well as the risk of CL/P among relatives of individuals with cancer, since studies published currently have suggested an increased risk of cancer among relatives of cleft individuals. Design: A systematic literature review was carried out in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Group protocol, including literature search strategy, selection of papers through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and quality assessment. PubMed, Scopus and ISI - Web of Science databases were systematically searched using the fallowing search strings: “cleft lip and palate” AND “cancer”, “oral clefts” AND “cancer” and “orofacial clefts” AND “cancer”. Results: From 653 studies accessed, 8 comprised the final sample: 6 investigating CL/P index cases and their family history of cancer and 2 investigating individuals with cancer and their family history for CL/P. The sample sizes were not homogeneous. Oral clefts, the type of cancer and the degree of kinship family were not categorized in all studies. Leukemia, breast cancer and colon cancer were the most cited types, even as first-and-second degree relatives. Conclusions: An increased risk of cancer among relatives of cleft individuals could not be entirely confirmed. However, studies with this specific purpose suggest that first-and-second degrees relatives of cleft individuals have some types of cancer more often than unexposed families, highlighting that future studies should expand their samples to investigate possible common molecular mechanisms that allow relating oral clefts and cancer.

Background To determine the frequency of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in first-degree relatives and to analyze the prevalence of tooth agenesis in patients with gastric cancer. Material and Methods This cross-sectional, observational, case-control study included 798 patients attended at hospital Santa Casa in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais and Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology of the Federal University of the Minas Gerais. Information on basic demographic data and tooth agenesis of both groups and their family history of NSCL/P in first-degree relatives were evaluated. The collected information was stored in a database and analyzed using statistical program SPSS® version 21.0 and the values with p

Objective The aim of this study was to radiographically investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Design, Participants, and Setting A retrospective analysis of 207 panoramic radiographs of patients with NSCL/P aged 12 to 45 years without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment was performed. Results Dental anomalies were found in 75.4% of the patients, and tooth agenesis (29.2%) and supernumerary tooth (2.6%) were the most common anomalies. The risk of agenesis was higher among the individuals with cleft palate (CP) compared with individuals with cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP) (agenesis: CP versus CL: odds ratio 6.27, 95% confidence interval 2.21-17.8, P = .0003; CP versus CLP: odds ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval 1.27-6.81, P = .01). The frequency of dental agenesis was higher in patients with unilateral complete CLP (agenesis: P < .0001), incomplete bilateral CLP (agenesis: P = .0013), complete CP (agenesis: P < .0001), and incomplete CP (agenesis: P < .0001). The frequency of supernumerary teeth was higher in patients with bilateral complete CLP ( P < .0001). The frequency of dental agenesis ( P < .0001) and ectopic tooth ( P = .009) was higher than the frequency estimated for general population. Conclusions The prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with NSCL/P was higher than that reported in overall population. This study found preferential associations between dental anomalies and specific extensions of NSCL/P, suggesting that dental agenesis and ectopic tooth may be part of oral cleft subphenotypes.

Objectives Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been considered to be a marker in studies evaluating an individual's susceptibility to diseases, especially those diseases that show sex differences in their occurrence. We aimed to assess whether 2D:4D ratios are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and verify the existence of a specific pattern of 2D:4D ratio in individuals affected by orofacial clefts. Design This was a case-control study. Methods Digital measurements of index and ring finger lengths of both hands of patients with NSCL/P (n =54) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 54) were obtained using a digital vernier caliper. Mean ratios between the second and fourth digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%. Results No significant difference was found between the mean digit ratios of the right and left hands between the groups for any analysis ( P > .05), neither for the whole sample nor for the distributions by type of cleft and by gender. Conclusions Although the development of the fingers and the occurrence of NSCL/P can be regulated by the actions of similar genes, our results are not consistent with an association between 2D:4D ratio and this craniofacial deformity. This suggests that intrauterine exposure to fetal androgens, assessed using this marker, is similar between patients with NSCL/P and healthy individuals. We highlight the need for further studies in populations with different ancestries.

The current study aimed to analyze through a literature review evidence of association between ocular changes and non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). A literature review was carried out in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Group protocol. PubMed, Scopus, Academic Google and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched. A total of 16 studies were accessed, and three made up the final sample.All three studied ocular abnormalities in patients with NSCL/P.The articles found ocular abnormalities in 6.21%, 17.54% and 1.03% of patients respectively.The presence of ocular abnormalities in patients with NSCL/P was significant in this systematic review, but the articles all agreed that future studies should explore the possibility of a greater occurrence of ocular changes in individuals with NSCL/P.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a type of genodermatosis characterized by the abnormal development of sweat glands, teeth, and hair. The most prevalent form of HED is X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), which is associated with mutations in the EDA gene. The aim of this case report was to describe a family with XLHED with emphasis on differences in orofacial features between members. Family members were systematically evaluated to characterize the pattern of inheritance and clinical features. Dental examination included evaluation of agenesis and abnormal teeth structure. The pedigree of the last seven generations of the family was constructed. Clinical examination and medical history revealed five males affected by HED and nine female as heterozygous carriers. The males exhibited the classic phenotype of XLHED, with dental abnormalities, hypohydrosis, and craniofacial dysmorphologies. The heterozygous carriers of the X-linked gene defect principally exhibited dental agenesis of the lateral maxillary incisors. Careful clinical examination, including dental evaluation, is an important way to detect heterozygous carriers of X-linked HED. Heterozygous parents of patients with HED may also show some features of the disorder. The identification of female carriers results in genetic counseling being offered to affected families, as well as providing adequate treatment as necessary and long-term follow-up of these patients.

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 314–320 Background. Adhesive procedures are often required to restore teeth affected by hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (HAI). Aim. To evaluate the hardness of enamel/dentin of teeth affected by HAI and the bond strength to these substrates, as well the influence of 5% NaOCl on bond strength. Design. Permanent molars presenting HAI and sound third molars were used. Enamel surfaces were wet-flattened and Knoop hardness was assessed. The two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesive Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) was applied and resin cylinders bonded to the surfaces and submitted to microshear testing. The subjacent medium dentin was then exposed by wet-grinding. Hardness readings and microshear testing were carried out again. The relationship between hardness and bond strength was assessed by nonlinear regression analysis. Results. Hardness of normal enamel was higher than hardness of enamel affected by HAI, whereas dentin hardness did not differ from normal to HAI-affected teeth. Enamel and dentin hardness were similar for teeth affected by HAI. Higher bond strengths were obtained to the normal tooth tissues. Dentin bond strength was higher than enamel bond strength. NaOCl exposure did not influence bond strengths. A positive linear relationship between enamel hardness and bond strength was observed. Conclusion. HAI imposes challenges to bonding to enamel and dentin.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of craniofacial anomalies in patients treated at a Brazilian Reference Center for craniofacial deformities. METHOD: Retrospective epidemiological study evaluating the clinical records of 1,142 patients: 656 (57.4%) male and 486 (42.6%) female, between 1992 and 2008. RESULTS: Among birth defects, non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate were the most frequent ones (778 cases; 68.1%), followed by single or multiple congenital anomalies without cleft lip and/or palate (240 cases; 21%), recognized syndromes or sequences (56 cases; 5%), syndromes with orofacial cleft as a component (41 cases; 3.5%), and orofacial clefts in association with systemic malformations (27 cases; 2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate was the congenital defect most frequently identified, although, isolated anomalies and syndromes involving craniofacial structures were quite frequent. Furthermore, the need for studies to identify the frequency and risk factors associated with craniofacial anomalies in the Brazilian population is emphasized in order to plan comprehensive strategies and integrated actions for the development of preventive programs and treatment.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of hereditary disorders that affect the quality and/or quantity of dental enamel. This paper describes the clinicopathological features of a patient who was born of consanguineous parents and who presented with oral alterations, including yellow and misshapen teeth, intrapulpal calcifications, delayed tooth eruption, and gum enlargement. Scanning electron microscopy of the teeth revealed hypoplastic enamel, and a renal ultrasound detected bilateral nephrocalcinosis, leading to a diagnosis of AI and nephrocalcinosis syndrome. Since nephrocalcinosis is often asymptomatic and can be associated with impaired renal function, dentists who see children with generalized and thin hypoplastic AI should consider a renal ultrasound scan and referral to a nephrologist, if appropriate. Children with nephrocalcinosis should also be considered for a dental check.

Summary Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) are the most common congenital anomalies of the craniofacial region. Aim to evaluate the surgical techniques used in CL/P treatment in a craniofacial deformities ward, in Minas Gerais. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, carried out between 2002 and 2007, we studied 109 individuals with non-syndromic CL/P submitted to treatment. The aspects analyzed (personal identification, classification of CL/P and surgical treatment performed) were obtained from patient charts, and then we built a database and ran statistical analyses through the SPSS 13.0 software. Followed by descriptive analysis of the surgical procedures depending on the type of CL/P found. Results Among the 109 patients, 65.1% were males and 34.8% females. We found that 45% of patients had cleft lip and palate, 37.6% cleft lip only and 17.4% cleft palate only. The surgical techniques employed were predominantly those from Millard and Spina for cheiloplasty, McComb for rhinoplasty and, Veau and Van Langenbeeck for palatoplasty. Conclusions This study is the first to address treatment procedures for individuals with CL/P in the state of Minas Gerais. For unilateral CL/P we predominantly used the association of McComb, Veau and Millard techniques, respectively, for rhinoplasty, palatoplasty and cheiloplasty, in 76.9% of the patients.

Foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o serviço de saúde bucal, através do estudo das percepções dos usuários, do município de Grão Mogol - norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Optou-se pela metodologia qualitativa, utilizando entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram levantados aspectos sobre percepção do processo saúde/doença bucal; conhecimentos, práticas e valor atribuído à saúde bucal; acesso aos serviços; relação profissional/paciente e assistência recebida. Obtiveram-se as idéias centrais em cada tema abordado nas entrevistas, sendo posteriormente agrupadas e analisadas, constituindo a análise final do estudo. Observou-se que o serviço de saúde bucal, no município, vive período de mudanças, mas existe ainda uma prática iatrogênica-mutiladora. No entanto, a prevenção e a promoção da saúde ganham espaço entre as ações de saúde, atuando como importantes fatores para a melhoria da assistência à saúde bucal e consequente melhoria na qualidade de vida da população. Os usuários percebem a evolução do serviço, mas admitem a necessidade de se organizar e definir melhor o acesso aos serviços e otimizar a comunicação profissional/paciente. A população começa a valorizar a saúde bucal como algo importante dentro das condições de vida de cada indivíduo.The objective of this study is to evaluate the oral health services in the city of Grão Mogol, Brazil by analyzing the user’s perceptions. It was chosen the qualitative methodology using a semi-structured interview. The aspects investigated included the perception of the process of oral health/illness; knowledge, practices and value attributed to oral health; access to services; professional/patient relationship and assistance received. The interviews were analyzed and the central ideas extracted, which were considered in a final analysis of the study. It was observed that the oral health service in this city is going through a period of changes, but it still exist an iatrogenic-mutilator practice. However, health prevention and promotion gains space within health actions, acting as important factors to enhance oral health assistance and resulting improvement of the population quality of life. Users can feel the evolution of the service, but admit the necessity of more organization and definition on the access to services as well as an improvement on the communication professional/patient. The population starts to value the oral health as something important within the life conditions of each individual.

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) represent the most common congenital anomalies of the face. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between maternal smoking, gender and CL/P. METHODS: This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study. We interviewed 1519 mothers divided into two groups: Cases: mothers of children with CL/P (n = 843) and Controls: mothers of children without CL/P (n = 676). All mothers were classified as smoker or non-smoker subjects during the first trimester of pregnancy. To determine an association among maternal smoking, gender, and CL/P, odds ratios were calculated and the adjustment was made by a logistic regression model. RESULTS: An association between maternal smoking and the presence of cleft was observed. There was also a strong association between male gender and the presence of cleft (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 2.83-4.37). By binary logistic regression analysis, it was demonstrated that both variables were independently associated with clefts. In a multivariate analysis, male gender and maternal smoking had a 2.5- and a 1.5-time greater chance of having a cleft, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings are consistent with a positive association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CL/P in male gender. The results support the importance of smoking prevention and introduction of cessation programs among women with childbearing potential. RESUMO Introdução: Fendas labiais e/ou palatinas (FL/P) representam as anomalias congênitas mais comuns da face. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre tabagismo materno, gênero e FL/P. Método: Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal. Foram entrevistadas 1.519 mães, divididas em dois grupos: Casos: mães de crianças com FL/P (n = 843); e Controles: mães de crianças sem FL/P (n = 676). Todas as mães foram classificadas como fumantes ou não fumantes durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez. Para determinar a associação entre tabagismo materno, gênero e FL/P, odds ratios foram calculadas e o ajuste realizado pelo modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Observou-se associação entre tabagismo materno, e fendas. Houve também forte associação entre sexo masculino e presença de fendas (OR = 3,51; 95% IC 2,83-4,37). Regressão logística binária demonstrou que ambas as variáveis foram independentemente associadas coma ocorrência de fendas. Na análise multivariada, o sexo masculino teve 2,5 vezes mais chance de apresentar fendas e tabagismo materno teve 1,5 vez mais chance dessa ocorrência. Conclusão: Os resultados são consistentes com a associação positiva entre tabagismo materno durante a gravidez e a ocorrência de FL/P no gênero masculino. Os resultados suportam a importância da prevenção do tabagismo e a aplicação de programas entre mulheres com potencial de gravidez.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of taurodontism in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) within a Brazilian population.The study was designed as an epidemiologic case-control single-center study. Three hundred eighty-eight patients were included: 88 had NSCLP, and 300 comprised the control group. The first and second permanent mandibular molars were included in this study. By using panoramic radiographs, taurodontism was categorized as mesotaurodontism, hypotaurodontism, and hypertaurodontism.Seventy patients (23.3%) from the control group and 36 patients (40.9%) from the case group presented taurodontism (P.001). In the control group, 108 (9%) teeth showed taurodontism, whereas in the case group with cleft lip and palate (CLP), 64 (18.2%) teeth showed dental anomalies (P.001). In both groups, most taurodontic teeth presented hypotaurodontism, followed by mesotaurodontism, while hypertaurodontism was found in only two teeth. The probability of taurodontism in patients with cleft lip (CL) was 2.36 (P = .010) times higher compared with those with CLP, whereas the occurrence of taurodontism in patients with cleft palate (CP) was 3.15 (P = .002) times greater than in patients with CLP.The results from this study indicate a close relationship between taurodontism and NSCLP and the possibility of different cleft subphenotypes.

Aim: : To describe the clinical, demographic and environmental features associated with NSCL/P (nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate) patients born in western Parana state, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study included 188 patients attended at the Association of Carriers of Cleft Lip and Palate - APOFILAB, Cascavel-Parana, between 2012 and 2014. Information on demographic characteristics, medical and dental histories and life style factors were obtained from records and personal interviews. Results: Among the 188 patients, cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most frequent subtype (55.8%), followed by cleft lip only (CLO, 25.0%) and cleft palate only (CPO, 19.2%). Caucasian males were the most affected, although no differences among types of cleft were observed. The otorhinolaryngologic and respiratory alterations were the most frequent systemic alterations in NSCL/P patients, and more than 80% of the NSCL/P mothers reported no vitamin supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of nonsyndromic oral cleft types in this cohort was quite similar to previously reported prevalence rates. Systemic alterations were identified among 23.4% of the patients and patients with CLP were the most affected. History of maternal exposition to environmental factors related to nonsyndromic oral clefts was frequent and most mothers reported no vitamin supplements during the pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of identifying systemic alterations and risk factors associated with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population for planning comprehensive strategies and integrated actions for the development of preventive programs and treatment.

A fenda labial e/ou palatina representa a anomalia congênita mais comum na face. OBJETIVO: Descrever a correlação existente entre a fenda labial e/ou palatina não sindrômica e gênero e sua gravidade na população brasileira. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, conduzido entre 2009 e 2011, em uma amostra de 366 pacientes. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e regressão logística multinomial com intervalo de 95% para estimar a probabilidade dos tipos de fenda labial e/ou palatina afetar os gêneros. RESULTADOS: Entre os 366 casos de fenda labial e/ou palatina não sindrômica, as fendas mais frequentes foram a fenda lábio-palatina, seguida, respectivamente, pela fenda labial e fenda palatina. As fendas palatinas foram mais frequentes entre as mulheres e a fenda lábio-palatina e fenda labial apenas predominaram nos homens. O risco de fenda labial em relação à fenda palatina foi de 2,19 vezes maior em homens quando comparados às mulheres; enquanto o risco de fenda labial e palatina em relação à fenda palatina apenas foi 2,78 vezes em homens, quando comparados às mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que há diferenças na distribuição de fendas labiais e/ou palatinas não sindrômicas entre homens e mulheres. Cleft lip and/or palate represent the most common congenital anomaly of the face. AIM: To describe the correlation between non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate and gender, and its severity in the Brazilian population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, between 2009 and 2011, in a sample of 366 patients. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression with a 95% interval to estimate the likelihood of the types of cleft lip and/or palate affecting the genders. RESULTS: Among the 366 cases of non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate, the more frequent clefts were cleft lip and palate, followed respectively by cleft lip and cleft palate. The cleft palates were more frequent in females, while the cleft lip and palate and cleft lips only predominated in males. The risk of cleft li in relation the cleft palate was 2.19 times in males when compared to females; while the risk of cleft lip and palate in relation to cleft palate alone was 2.78 times in males compared to females. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there were differences in the distribution of the non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate between males and females.

Objective Many studies have demonstrated a high frequency of dental anomalies in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Because dental anomalies may complicate dental treatment, we investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Design, Participants, Setting Retrospective analysis was performed using clinical records of 296 patients aged between 12 and 30 years with repaired nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment. Associations between oral clefts and presence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area were investigated. Results Dental anomalies were identified in 39.9% of the nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients, and tooth agenesis (47.5%), impacted tooth (13.1%), and microdontia (12.7%) were the most common anomalies. Cleft lip patients were less affected by dental anomalies compared with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate patients ( p = .057). Specifically, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were significantly more affected by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate ( p = .00002), and individuals with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate ( p = .002) and complete cleft palate ( p = .01) were significantly more affected by tooth agenesis than other cleft types. Agenesis of the premolars ( p = .043) and maxillary lateral incisors ( p = .03) were significantly more frequent in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Conclusions The present study revealed a high frequency of dental anomalies in nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients and further demonstrated that patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were frequently more affected by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Moreover, our results demonstrate that dental anomalies should be considered during dental treatment planning for individuals affected by nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentomaxillofacial imaging features of one family affected by the gingival fibromatosis (GF) and dental abnormalities (DA) syndrome. Methods: Conventional radiographs (periapical and panoramic) and cone beam CT (CBCT) were performed in nine members of this family: four were affected by the syndrome and five were not. Results: The four affected members demonstrated mild generalized GF in association with DA, including hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, intrapulpal calcifications, delay on tooth eruption and pericoronal radiolucencies in unerupted teeth. None of these oral changes were identified in the five unaffected members. All nine members presented alterations in the paranasal sinuses and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus was the most common finding. Conclusion: Family members not affected by the syndrome showed similar alterations in the paranasal sinuses and CBCT was useful to characterize the dentomaxillofacial features of this new ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the craniofacial features of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with SCA in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated using standardized photographs (front and profile) for a subjective facial analysis and digital radiographs for a computerized cephalometric analysis. To obtain linear and angular measurements, cephalometric points were marked on the digital images by a single examiner, using the program Radiocef 6.0, and facial analyses were performed by four different orthodontists. RESULTS: Of the population studied, 28 patients were female with a mean age of 27.7 years. Most of the patients (64%) had their faces classified as esthetically acceptable, although results showed a predominance of convex profiles (72%). The mean of the SNA angle was 84.56°, diagnosing proper positioning of the maxilla from the base of the skull. The prevalence of pattern II was 32%, and 31% showed maxillary protrusion; the effective length of the maxilla was reduced in 64%. Retrusion of the mandible was observed in 30%, and 76% had reduced mandibular length. Four measurements (mandibular length, maxillary length, anterior face height, and maxillomandibular difference) showed statistically significant differences between genders, where these measurements were higher for males than for females. CONCLUSION: Most patients did not show compensatory maxillary expansion, which was determined by the prevalence of decreased maxillary length (64%) and by the absence of maxillary protrusion in 69% of the SCA patients evaluated.

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os principais aspectos legais relacionados ao exercício da Ortodontia que podem ser utilizados como importantes instrumentos de defesa em caso de ação ética e/ou judicial. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo transversal com ortodontistas de Belo Horizonte/MG, por meio de instrumento próprio (questionário), abordando os aspectos éticos e judiciais que envolvem essa especialidade. Foi solicitado, no questionário, o preenchimento dos seguintes campos: identificação pessoal, formação acadêmica, acessórios ortodônticos, higiene bucal, plano de tratamento, prestação de serviço, documentação ortodôntica, prescrição medicamentosa e vias de comunicação com o paciente, dentre outros. RESULTADOS: um montante de 237 ortodontistas, registrados no CRO-MG e domiciliados em Belo Horizonte, receberam o instrumento de coleta de dados. Desse universo, 69 (29,11%) responderam e devolveram os questionários. Dos 69 respondentes, 57,97% eram do gênero masculino e 42,03% do feminino. Em relação às instituições onde esses profissionais se graduaram, constatou-se que 52,17% deles se formaram em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) privadas. Observou-se que 34,78% dos ortodontistas concluíram a especialização entre 5 e 10 anos após o término da graduação. A maioria dos profissionais (94,2%) registra nos prontuários as quebras dos acessórios ortodônticos utilizados pelos pacientes e 53,62% desses ortodontistas arquivam, por todo o período de atividade profissional, a documentação ortodôntica dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: por intermédio desse estudo, ficou evidente que alguns parâmetros de análise foram bastante satisfatórios, como: a existência de modelos contratuais para a prestação de serviços, a comunicação com os pacientes e/ou os responsáveis por eles em caso de abandono de tratamento, o arquivo da documentação ortodôntica e o registro, no prontuário, de quebras e danos de acessórios ortodônticos. Contudo, algumas práticas ainda precisam ser adotadas, tais como: coleta da assinatura dos pacientes em caso de danos em acessórios ortodônticos e arquivo de cópia de prescrição medicamentosa e atestados. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to acquire knowledge about the key legal aspects of orthodontic practice, which may be used as important defense tools in the event of ethical and/or legal actions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dentists in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, by means of a specific instrument (questionnaire) addressing the ethical and legal disputes that involve the orthodontic specialty. Participants were asked to fill out the following questionnaire fields: personal identification, academic background, orthodontic accessories, oral hygiene, treatment plan, service provision, orthodontic documentation, drug prescription and forms of communication with patients, among others. RESULTS: A total of 237 orthodontists, all members of the Regional Council of Dentistry, Minas Gerais State (CRO-MG) and living in Belo Horizonte, were given the data collection instrument. Out of this total, 69 (29.11%) answered and returned the questionnaires. Of the 69 respondents, 57.97% were male and 42.03% female. It was found that 52.17% of these professionals graduated from Higher Education Institutions (ISEs). It was observed that 34.78% of these orthodontists completed specialization between 5 and 10 years after graduation. Most professionals (94.2%) enter into their medical records information about any damage caused to the orthodontic accessories used by their patients and 53.62% of the orthodontists keep their patients' orthodontic documentation on file throughout their active professional life. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that some analysis parameters were very satisfactory, such as: the availability of service provision contract models, communication with patients and/or their lawful guardians in case of abandonment of treatment, orthodontic documentation files and the entering into the dental records of information concerning the breakage of and damage to orthodontic accessories. However, some practices have yet to be adopted, such as: patient signature should be collected in the event of damage to orthodontic accessories and copies of drug prescriptions and certificates should be kept on file.

Purposes: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) in Brazilian users of nifedipine and/or phenytoin and to determine the presence of predisposing/modifying factors. Methods: Demographic, pharmacological, and periodontal data were obtained from 100 users of the Brazilian Primary Health Care System in Diamantina, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, who were taking nifedipine and/or phenytoin. Clinical evaluations including gingival overgrowth analysis were carried out by a single calibrated examiner. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test or Student’s t-test) were used to identify demographic, periodontal and drug-related significant factors associated with gingival overgrowth severity. Multivariate analysis (Poisson regression) was used to assess confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of DIGO was high (86%), but its severity was predominately mild. The prevalence of DIGO was significantly higher in phenytoin users than in nifedipine users (p=0.01). There was no association between DIGO and demographic, pharmacological or periodontal variables. Conclusion: The high occurrence of DIGO among users of nifedipine and phenytoin emphasizes the importance of the dentist as part of the public health team to provide the prevention, early diagnostic, and control of this alteration. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência dos aumentos gengivais medicamentosos em usuários brasileiros de nifedipina e fenitoína e determinar a presença de fatores preditores/modificadores. Metodologia: Dados demográficos, farmacológicos e periodontais foram obtidos de 100 pacientes usuários da Atenção Primária no Vale do Jequitinhonha que usavam nifedipina e/ou fenitoína. Avaliações clínicas, incluindo a análise do aumento gengival, foram feitas por um avaliador calibrado. Análises bivariadas (teste do qui-quadrado ou teste t de Student) foram usadas para identificar fatores demográficos, periodontais e medicamentosos que apresentassem associação com a severidade do aumento gengival. Foi utilizada análise multivariada (regressão de Poisson) para estimar a razão de prevalência e intervalo de 95% de confiança para identificar os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento do AG. Resultados: A prevalência do aumento gengival foi elevada (86%), mas a gravidade mais comumente observada foi a leve. A prevalência foi maior em usuários de fenitoína do que de nifedipina (P=0.01). Não houve associação entre aumento gengival e as variáveis demográficas, farmacológicas e periodontais. Conclusão: A alta prevalência do aumento gengival medicamentoso entre os usuários de nifedipina e fenitoína enfatiza a importância do cirurgião dentista no diagnóstico, prevenção e controle dessa alteração.

Foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o serviço de saúde bucal, através do estudo das percepções dos usuários, do município de Grão Mogol - norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Optou-se pela metodologia qualitativa, utilizando entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram levantados aspectos sobre percepção do processo saúde/doença bucal; conhecimentos, práticas e valor atribuído à saúde bucal; acesso aos serviços; relação profissional/paciente e assistência recebida. Obtiveram-se as idéias centrais em cada tema abordado nas entrevistas, sendo posteriormente agrupadas e analisadas, constituindo a análise final do estudo. Observou-se que o serviço de saúde bucal, no município, vive período de mudanças, mas existe ainda uma prática iatrogênica-mutiladora. No entanto, a prevenção e a promoção da saúde ganham espaço entre as ações de saúde, atuando como importantes fatores para a melhoria da assistência à saúde bucal e consequente melhoria na qualidade de vida da população. Os usuários percebem a evolução do serviço, mas admitem a necessidade de se organizar e definir melhor o acesso aos serviços e otimizar a comunicação profissional/paciente. A população começa a valorizar a saúde bucal como algo importante dentro das condições de vida de cada indivíduo. The objective of this study is to evaluate the oral health services in the city of Grão Mogol, Brazil by analyzing the user’s perceptions. It was chosen the qualitative methodology using a semi-structured interview. The aspects investigated included the perception of the process of oral health/illness; knowledge, practices and value attributed to oral health; access to services; professional/patient relationship and assistance received. The interviews were analyzed and the central ideas extracted, which were considered in a final analysis of the study. It was observed that the oral health service in this city is going through a period of changes, but it still exist an iatrogenic-mutilator practice. However, health prevention and promotion gains space within health actions, acting as important factors to enhance oral health assistance and resulting improvement of the population quality of life. Users can feel the evolution of the service, but admit the necessity of more organization and definition on the access to services as well as an improvement on the communication professional/patient. The population starts to value the oral health as something important within the life conditions of each individual.