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Objectives: Oral bacteria have evolved to form biofilms on hard tooth surfaces and dental materials. The antibiofilm effect of materials used for the restoration of oral function affects oral health. In this review we describe the features involved in the formation of oral biofilms on different surfaces in the oral cavity and the antibiofilm properties of dental materials., Methods: An electronic search of scientific papers from 1987 to 2013 was performed with PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google search engines using the following search terms: antibiofilm, dental material, dental hard tissue, endodontic material, implant material, oral biofilm, and restorative material., Results: Selected inclusion criteria resulted in 179 citations from the scientific, peer-reviewed literature. Oral biofilms form not only on dental hard tissue, but also on a wide range of dental materials used in cariology, endodontics, restorative dentistry and periodontology, resulting in destruction of dental hard tissue and even infection. Therefore, there has been a continuous effort to develop the antibiofilm properties of dental materials used for different purposes. Specific antimicrobial design in the composition and application of new materials (e.g. bioceramic sealer, resin composite, implant coating) demonstrates an improvement of the antibiofilm properties of these materials compared to earlier generations., Significance: A significant number of dental materials have been shown to affect biofilm growth by inhibiting the adhesion of bacteria, limiting their growth or killing microbes in the biofilms formed in vitro. Incorporation of an appropriate amount of antibacterial agent could provide dental materials with antibiofilm activity without significantly influencing their mechanical properties. However, more randomized and double-blind clinical studies of sufficient length with these materials are needed to confirm long term success following their use in the dental clinic., (Copyright © 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the knowledge level of materials and equipment for endodontics and pedodontics, as well as sterilization and disinfection procedures, of dental assistants in dental institutions and intern oral and dental health technician students studying at college. Methods: Four hundred ninety-eight people, including dental assistants working in public, private and university institutions, between the ages of 18-65, and students of the Oral and Dental Health Technician School of Universities, participated in the study. A questionnaire was applied to the participants. With the help of the survey consisting of different questions, the participants' knowledge levels about pedodontic and endodontic materials and sterilization procedures were measured. Results: The knowledge level of dental assistants about dental materials was found to be low in 5.2% of the participants, medium in 32.5% of the participants, and high in 62.3% of the participants. There isn't any significant difference between the assistants' knowledge level and their gender (p=0.23), age group (p=0.09), educational status (p=0.41), professional experience (p=0.51), certification (p=0.39), and the institution that they work for (p=0.24). Conclusion: It was found that dental assistants have a lack of knowledge in this subject. It is thought that planning and perform regular training education programmes in terms of both acquiring new information and repeating existing information can be effective for eliminating the deficiencies of dental assistants. Keywords: Dental assistant, Endodontic material, Pedodontics material, Sterilization, Disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: The use of root-end filling materials designed to stimulate tissue repair in periradicular tissues is highly recommended. These materials should be proved good tissue compatibility. The aim of this study was to estimate the responses of Intermediate restorative material (IRM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium silicate (CS) cement after implantation into a rat subcutaneous, including the immune response, and materials degradation. Materials and methods: Materials with the same chemical component were inserted into the bilateral pockets in each rat. Hematoxylin and eosin (HftE) staining was used to evaluate the immune response of tissue after implantation. Western blot was employed to quantify the COX-2 expression of tissue. Results: After implantation for 6 weeks, HEtE staining showed that the inflamed fibrous capsule surrounding MTA and CS was thicker and looser. At 12 weeks, the tissue responses became very uniform for MTA and CS. The capsule was almost free of inflammatory cells and filled with fibroblasts. A significant increase in the thickness of fibrous tissue was observed after 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks for IRM at the respective time points (P < 0.05). Significant increases of 3.45-fold, 2.81-fold, and 2.78-fold in COX-2 synthesis were observed using IRM, as compared with the control, at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). However, CS cement was found to reduce an inflammatory reaction compared to MTA at all time points (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These three cements could be considered to be biocompatible even though they induced different inflammatory responses and tissue changes during implantation tests in rats. CS cement did not induce acute inflammation and tissue responses similar to those reported for MTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]