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Simulations of spatially inhomogeneous turbulent mixing in decaying grid turbulence with a joint velocity-concentration probability density function (PDF) method were conducted. The inert mixing scenario involves three streams with different compositions. The mixing model of Meyer ['A new particle interaction mixing model for turbulent dispersion and turbulent reactive flows,' Phys. Fluids 22(3), 035103 (2010)], the interaction by exchange with the mean (IEM) model and its velocity-conditional variant, i.e., the IECM model, were applied. For reference, the direct numerical simulation data provided by Sawford and de Bruyn Kops ['Direct numerical simulation and lagrangian modeling of joint scalar statistics in ternary mixing,' Phys. Fluids 20(9), 095106 (2008)] was used. It was found that velocity conditioning is essential to obtain accurate concentration PDF predictions. Moreover, the model of Meyer provides significantly better results compared to the IECM model at comparable computational expense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probability density function (PDF) methods are an established tool applied for the simulation of turbulent mixing and turbulent reactive flows. Mixing models are required to close the molecular diffusion term in the PDF transport equation. From the nature of molecular diffusion, several requirements or design criteria can be derived for mixing models. All current models have certain shortcomings with respect to these requirements. A new mixing model is presented which fully satisfies almost all requirements. It conserves the mean of an inert scalar, reduces its scalar variance, and relaxes closely to a Gaussian scalar PDF. Multiple inert scalars without differential diffusion effects evolve independently and are kept bounded within their allowable region. Mixing is conditional on the velocity and particle scalar trajectories are continuous in time leading to a model that is local in a weak sense. Validation tests show that the model can reproduce differential diffusion effects and mixing rate dependencies due to variable initial scalar length scales or Reynolds and Schmidt number variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In transported probability density function and filtered density function methods, micromixing models are required to close the molecular mixing term. The accuracy and computational efficiency of improved versions of the parameterized scalar profile (PSP) model are assessed and compared with commonly used mixing models such as Curl, modified Curl, interaction by exchange with the mean and Euclidean minimum spanning tree. Different generalizations of the PSP mixing model for spatially inhomogeneous flow configurations are presented. The selected test cases focus on molecular mixing and avoid interference with other models. Simulation results for a three-stream problem, involving two inert scalars, and a multi-scalar test case with mean-scalar-gradients are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]