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Introduction: WHO has declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID19) has rapidly spread worldwide. First case of COVID-19 was reported on 30th January 2020 in Kerala state, India. The first COVID-19 case was reported to Government Allopathic medical College Banda on 1st April 2020, and thereafter many COVID-19 cases were admitted and treated. This study was conducted to find the epidemiological variables affection mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: Study design: This study was a hospital based cross-sectional study. The outbreak of second wave started and the period was 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021. Socio-demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms present, history of co-morbidities and vaccination history etc. were taken at the time of admission. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was estimated for all the potential covariates associated with death. The p-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Maximum number of cases was found in the age group of 41-60 years (463) followed by 21-40 year age group (379). Out of 1226 cases, 795 (64.8%) cases were males respectively. The covariates marital status, sore throat, breathlessness and vaccination status were found to be significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: Breathlessness, cough, sore throat and fever were the important clinical findings of this study. Also comorbidity was one of the significant risk factors. The COVID death can be minimized by vaccination;therefore there is a need of awareness and health education about COVID vaccine in community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Public Health is the property of SCIBIOLMED.ORG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The risk of TB is high among populations living in poverty, low socioeconomic groups, low income, immune-suppressed (including AIDS), and extreme age (old age and children) groups, etc. Methods: The study was conducted in TB and chest department of Sarojini Naidu medical college Agra city. The total number of patients registered during the period of July to September 2017 was 518; out of these 288 were new pulmonary and extrapulmonary patients. Out of 288 subjects, 123 were pulmonary patients. All the 123 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients (both smear +ve and smear -ve) were included in the study. 18 patients were loss to follow up after registration thus final effective sample size was 105 for further follow-up study. Results: Overwhelming (84.76%) patients belonged to a lower socioeconomic class. The maximum number (85.33%) of the study subjects among upper lower socioeconomic status had no knowledge regarding causative microbes of the disease (p=0.001). Conclusions: The majority of patients belong to illiterate, lower socioeconomic group, married and other than general cast, living in a joint, overcrowded family with more than four family members. About half of the subjects not knowing the method of prevention & consequence of treatment interruption. Most of them felt that quality of life affected after disease and about 1/4th of them felt hurtful behaviour of family members.

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) are increasing among the adult population in both developed and developing countries, resulting diabetes, cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Due to increase in life expectancy and change in life style and behavior of people and clustering of metabolic abnormalities in individuals leads to development of metabolic syndrome. To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and their associated risks factors belonging the age group of 18 years and above of urban Agra population. Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out among 18 years and above age group of urban population of Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. A multi stage simple random sampling technique is used to reach the subjects. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found 37.1% in study subjects, more common in females (65.9%). The metabolic syndrome was also found higher in the educated group between class 8 to class 12 and among socio economic status III. Higher risk showed by serum triglyceride component of metabolic syndrome among study group. Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in female study population is higher as compared to the male study population in every selected bio social characteristics.

Background: Fertility is only way for biological replacement of human being in order to continue its existence on earth. The fertility behavior of any population is influenced by various factors. Objective of the study is to study the fertility perception and behavior among urban women in Agra and understand the social factors on perception of women regarding fertility behavior among study group women. Methods: Community based, Cross-sectional study was done among 280 married women of reproductive age group residing in Agra City, using a standardized questionnaire to assess their fertility perception and behavior. Results: Mean age of marriage was 19.01 years. About 70% of women married before the age of 20. Mean gap between marriage and first child was 1.57 years. The mean least birth interval was 1.61 years. Less than one third of women desired for more than two children. Level of education, transition from lower to high SE status, significantly shifts the preferred family size. Conclusion: Majority of women considered appropriate age of marriage 18 year and above, gap between marriage and first child two years and above, wishes for two child norm. However, two third had confessed the necessity of mail child. Level of education and working status of women had positively effect.

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) was launched in April 2005, to promote institutional deliveries through provision of cash assistance, transport, escort, and referral services. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the antenatal registrations, postnatal checkups, and institutional deliveries, and to compare the various social groups. Married women of the reproductive age group, having at least two children, were interviewed regarding antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal care in both pregnancies, latest as well as previous. Post JSY implementation, antenatal registrations increased from 61.79 to 96.34%, Deliveries at the Government Health Facility increased from 25.20 to 53.25% and postnatal check-ups increased from 45.93 to 69.51%. In the post-JSY-implementation phase, the Government Health Facility was preferred more by Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC) (SC/ST = 56.87%, OBC = 60.2%, and general = 43.68%), educated (Illiterate = 17.39%, Primary = 88.14, and Middle or above = 81.94%) and the lower socioeconomic classes (Lower SEC 71.83% and Upper lower and above = 45.71%) for their deliveries. It appears that the socially backward groups have benefited more from JSY.