82 results on '"Magalhães, Pedro"'
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2. The Politics of Judicial Reform in Eastern Europe
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Economic Evaluations, Procedural Fairness, and Satisfaction with Democracy
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Published
- 2016
4. A Contingent Affinity: Max Weber, Carl Schmitt, and the Challenge of Modern Politics
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro T.
- Published
- 2016
5. Public Support for Democracy in the United States Has Declined Generationally.
- Author
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Claassen, Christopher and Magalhães, Pedro C
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC support , *DEMOCRACY , *GENERATION gap , *YOUTH , *OLDER people , *HUMAN life cycle - Abstract
Support for democracy in the United States, once thought to be solid, has now been shown to be somewhat shaky. One of the most concerning aspects of this declining attachment to democracy is a marked age gap, with younger Americans less supportive of democracy than their older compatriots. Using age-period-cohort analysis of 12 national surveys collected between 1995 and 2019, we show that this age gap is largely a function of a long-term generational decline in support for democracy, with little evidence of an independent life-cycle effect apparent. The combination of generational decline without a positive and counterbalancing life-cycle effect offers a sober prognosis of how support for democracy in the United States might look in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effective government and evaluations of democracy
- Author
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Claassen, Christopher, Magalhães, Pedro C., and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
Government ,Sociology and Political Science ,Corporate governance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,support for democracy ,Violent crime ,healthcare quality ,Democracy ,performance legitimacy ,effective government ,economic performance ,Political economy ,Political science ,Democratic system ,violent crime ,satisfaction with democracy ,media_common - Abstract
Ineffective governance is known to weaken support for governments and leaders. However, it is less clear whether these effects spill over to the regime and erode support for the democratic system. This article returns to this classic question, now using time-series, cross-sectional data to test whether the effectiveness of governments in sustaining economic growth, providing quality healthcare, and tackling violent crime affects popular attitudes to democracy. We find that satisfaction with democracy is driven by fluctuations in economic performance and violent crime (but not healthcare quality). Diffuse support for democracy, in contrast, remains relatively impervious to changes in government effectiveness. Violent crime is the only indicator of effectiveness which has an impact on democratic support, and does so indirectly, via its influence on democratic satisfaction. These findings confirm that democratic support—which, unlike democratic satisfaction, is thought to help sustain democracy—is mostly immune to crises of performance.
- Published
- 2022
7. Charisma and democracy: Max Weber on the riddle of political change in modern societies
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro Miguel Tereso and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Revolution ,Plebiscitary leadership ,Arts & Humanities ,Charisma ,Democracy ,Indeterminacy ,Ciências Sociais::Ciências Políticas ,Weber - Abstract
The elite theory of Max Weber has recently been rediscovered by political scientists and political theorists who have sought to explore both the heuristic and the normative potential of plebiscitary leader democracy. Notwithstanding the merits of this wave of studies, this paper argues that attention should be shifted from Weber's context-specific defence of plebiscitary leadership in post-WWI Germany to his broader conception of charisma as an attempt to grasp the enigma of significant social and political change. Contemporary democratic theory, this paper contends, can fruitfully draw on Weber to sink into the antinomies and ambiguities of a transformative democratic politics., This article was funded by Academy of Finland (Grand No. 312430).
- Published
- 2022
8. The one and the many: a critical reflection on the foundations of Hans Kelsen’s democratic theory
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro Miguel Tereso and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Social Sciences ,Epistemology ,Monism ,Unbestimmtheit ,Indeterminacy ,Democracy ,Epistemologie ,Ciências Sociais::Ciências Políticas ,Monismus ,Pluralismus ,Pluralism ,Relativismus ,Relativism ,Demokratie - Abstract
This paper offers a critical examination of the foundations of Hans Kelsen’s democratic theory in neo-Kantian epistemology. It argues that, while such an epistemological framework provides coherence to his intellectual endeavor by reconciling his monistic legal theory with a pluralist democratic theory, it weakens the theoretical fertility and analytic edge of his political thought. Furthermore, I also claim that the Kelsenian epistemological turn, in its understanding of both law and politics, remains very much entangled in the dilemmas and modes of thought of a philosophical tradition that Kelsen himself believed to have entirely surpassed. His nevertheless insightful analysis of modern democratic institutions would therefore benefit from being read through different philosophical spectacles., Dieser Aufsatz ist eine kritische Untersuchung der Grundlagen von Hans Kelsens Demokratietheorie in der neo-kantianischen Erkenntnistheorie. Es wird argumentiert, dass ein solcher erkenntnistheoretischer Rahmen seinen intellektuellen Bestrebungen zwar Kohärenz verleiht, indem er seine monistische Rechtstheorie mit einer pluralistischen Demokratietheorie in Einklang bringt, dass er aber die theoretische Fruchtbarkeit und analytische Schärfe seines politischen Denkens schwächt. Darüber hinaus behaupte ich, dass die Kelsen’sche erkenntnistheoretische Wende in ihrem Verständnis sowohl des Rechts als auch der Politik sehr stark in die Dilemmata und Denkweisen einer philosophischen Tradition verstrickt bleibt, die Kelsen selbst glaubte, vollständig überwunden zu haben. Seine nichtsdestotrotz aufschlussreiche Analyse der modernen demokratischen Institutionen würde daher davon profitieren, durch eine andere philosophische Brille gelesen zu werden
- Published
- 2022
9. Do the Rich and the Poor Have Different Conceptions of Democracy? Socioeconomic Status, Inequality, and the Political Status Quo
- Author
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Ceka, Besir, Magalhães, Pedro C., and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
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Sociology and Political Science ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Development economics ,Political status ,Socioeconomic status ,Democracy ,media_common - Abstract
In this study, we investigate how socioeconomic status is related to people's commitment to liberal democracy. Based on sociological and psychological theories of social conflict and dominance, we argue that those who enjoy a more privileged position in the social hierarchy tend to develop stronger preferences for the existing social and political order. Conversely, people in underprivileged positions tend to be less supportive of that order. Hence, we expect the relationship between socioeconomic status and commitment to liberal democracy to be context-specific: positive in liberal democracies but negative in autocracies. Furthermore, we argue that income inequality amplifies these dynamics, widening the gap between low and high status individuals. We test our hypotheses using the fifth wave of the World Value Surveys.
- Published
- 2020
10. Referendum design, quorum rules and turnout
- Author
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Aguiar-Conraria, Luís and Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Published
- 2010
11. Ideological extremism, perceived party system polarization, and support for democracy.
- Author
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Torcal, Mariano and Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Subjects
RADICALISM ,POLARIZATION (Social sciences) ,DEMOCRACY ,PARTISANSHIP - Abstract
Does ideological polarization undermine or strengthen people's principled support for democracy? In this study, we suggest that different manifestations of ideological polarization have different implications in this respect. Using data from 11 surveys conducted with representative samples of the adult populations of a group of liberal democratic countries, part of the Comparative National Elections Project, we look at how people's level of ideological extremism and their perceptions of ideological polarization in their countries' party systems are related with their support for democracy. We show that citizens who hold more extreme ideological positions are indeed less supportive of democracy and that such a negative relationship is strengthened as citizens' extremism increases. However, we also show that the citizens who display higher levels of principled support for democracy are those who perceive parties to be neither too distant nor too close to each other in ideological terms. In other words, while a very polarized partisan supply seems to undermine popular commitment with democracy, very low polarization may have similar consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Promise and failure: Nationalism in the interwar thought of Carl Schmitt and Eric Voegelin.
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro T.
- Subjects
- *
INTERWAR Period (1918-1939) , *NATIONALISM , *CONSERVATISM , *DEMOCRACY - Abstract
This article analyses the role played by the concept of nation in the interwar writings of Carl Schmitt (1888–1985) and Eric Voegelin (1901–1985). It contends that, although these conservative thinkers were drawn in different ways to the anti-progressive potential of nationalist ideas, the centre of their political and theoretical horizons in that period is occupied by the problems of political unity and authority. Therefore, their nationalism is fundamentally determined by, and instrumental to, their adherence to a monistic and authoritarian conception of the state. This, in turn, leads them to embrace, though not without some reservations, the solutions put forward by the emergent far-right 'strongmen' to the interwar crisis of liberal democracy. Each author tested in his own way the porous borders between conservatism, nationalism, and fascism – a topic whose scholarly and political relevance is far from being exhausted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The 2019 Portuguese general elections.
- Author
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Fernandes, Jorge M. and Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,SOCIALISTS ,POLITICAL parties ,DEMOCRACY ,POPULIST parties (Politics) - Abstract
The 2019 Portuguese general elections have led to the formation of another minority government of the Socialist Party. Right-wing parties suffered a resounding defeat. The election had two key consequences. First, after four years of contract parliamentarism with an extreme-left party, the Socialists returned to their historical position of pivotal party in the system. Socialist leader Costa refused to replicate alliances with parties to his left. Second, the 2019 election witnessed the emergence of three new parties, Chega, Iniciativa Liberal and Livre. The election of Chega marks a watershed moment in Portuguese democratic history, as for the first time an extreme-right populist party has gained representation in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Portuguese Democratisation 40 Years on: Its Meaning and Enduring Legacies
- Author
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Lobo, Marina Costa, Pinto, António Costa, Magalhães, Pedro, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
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Carnation Revolution ,Democratisation ,Sociology and Political Science ,Transition (fiction) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050801 communication & media studies ,Gender studies ,Democracy ,language.human_language ,0506 political science ,Presentation ,Quality of democracy ,0508 media and communications ,Law ,050602 political science & public administration ,language ,Legacies ,Portuguese population ,Democratization ,Meaning (existential) ,Sociology ,Portuguese ,media_common - Abstract
On the fortieth anniversary of the Carnation Revolution, it is pertinent to ask how Portuguese citizens understand their transition to democracy. In this article, some of the main findings concerning the meanings and legacies of 25 April 1974 are presented, drawing on the findings of two surveys focusing on Portuguese attitudes towards 25 April and fielded in 2004 and 2014, respectively, to a representative sample of the Portuguese population. Here we focus on the degree to which the transition is viewed positively and its social and economic legacies. In the final sections, the main findings of the articles in this special issue are discussed through a presentation of the main questions they answer and the new ones they raise.
- Published
- 2016
15. Portugal’s Leftist Government: From Sick Man to Poster Boy?
- Author
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Fernandes, Jorge, Magalhães, Pedro C., Afonso Santana Pereira Santucci, José António, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
Contract parliamentarism ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Government ,Radical left ,Sociology and Political Science ,Minority governments ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.file_format ,language.human_language ,Democracy ,0506 political science ,Political science ,Cabinet (file format) ,050602 political science & public administration ,language ,Economic history ,Left-wing politics ,Portuguese ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
In 2015, for the first time in the history of Portuguese democracy, radical left parties relinquished their status as outsiders and lent their support to a Socialist Party cabinet. Defying the expectations of many, this government survived its first years. In fact, it did more than survive: while largely fulfilling the interparty agreements that originated it, the government has presided over positive economic developments and even managed to abide by EU budgetary rules. How was this possible? We show that the political solution found, as well as the policies and practices that sustain it, involve a form of a ‘contract parliamentarism’. This solution has allowed the parties to the left of the Socialists to obtain policy benefits without compromising their core identity or significantly hindering the support of their constituents.
- Published
- 2018
16. What are the best quorum rules? A laboratory investigation.
- Author
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Aguiar-Conraria, Luís, Magalhães, Pedro C., and Vanberg, Christoph A.
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,REFERENDUM ,DEMOCRACY ,DIRECT democracy ,POPULAR vote ,EXPERIMENTS - Abstract
Many political systems with direct democracy mechanisms have adopted rules preventing decisions from being made by simple majority rule. The device added most commonly to majority rule in national referendums is a quorum requirement. The two most common are participation and approval quorums. Such rules are responses to three major concerns: the legitimacy of the referendum outcome, its representativeness, and protection of minorities regarding issues that should demand a broad consensus. Guided by a pivotal voter model, we conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the performances of different quorums in attaining such goals. We introduce two main innovations in relation to previous work on the topic. First, part of the electorate goes to the polls out of a sense of civic duty. Second, we test the performances of a different quorum, the rejection quorum, recently proposed in the literature. We conclude that, depending on the preferred criterion, either the approval or the rejection quorum is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The double illusion
- Author
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Magalhães,Pedro T.
- Subjects
Democracia ,totalitarianism ,totalitarismo ,liberalismo ,liberalism ,modernidade ,Democracy ,modernity - Abstract
O presente ensaio visa contribuir para a reflexão em torno da crise da democracia contemporânea evocando dois clássicos modernos - Max Weber e Carl Schmitt - e um contexto epocal específico - a modernidade tardia da República de Weimar. Esboçando o caminho que vai da (des)ilusão do liberalismo segundo Weber à ilusão do totalitarismo segundo Schmitt, sugerimos que a democracia moderna habita o espaço crítico e incerto entre essa dupla ilusão. This paper seeks to contribute to the debates on the crisis of contemporary democracy by evoking two modern classics - Max Weber and Carl Schmitt - and a specific historical context - Weimar's late modernity. By sketching the troubled path from Max Weber's disillusioned liberalism to Carl Schmitt's totalitarian hopes, it suggests that modern democracy inhabits the critical and uncertain space between a double illusion.
- Published
- 2016
18. Weimar and the crisis of political legitimacy in Late Modernity : Max Weber, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro Miguel Tereso de and Almeida, Pedro Tavares de
- Subjects
crisis ,democracy ,crise ,Ciências Sociais::Ciências Políticas [Domínio/Área Científica] ,democracia ,legitimacy ,legitimidade - Abstract
Através da comparação das ideias de três grandes teóricos da política no conturbado contexto da República de Weimar, esta dissertação pretende reconsiderar a crise da legitimidade política na modernidade tardia. Tal crise é concebida tanto em sentido estrito, enquanto crise das democracias liberais perante os efeitos de rápidas mudanças sociais e a emergência da política de massas, como em sentido lato, ou seja, enquanto crise dos alicerces político-intelectuais da era moderna. Nessa medida, veremos como os juízos de Weber, Kelsen e Schmitt não se limitam a veicular veredictos contrastantes sobre a democracia de massas, o parlamentarismo e os partidos políticos, remetendo também para narrativas distintas sobre o destino do homem moderno – narrativas que oscilam entre o optimismo moderado, a ambivalência e a reacção hostil. By comparing the ideas of three major political thinkers in the turbulent context of the Weimar Republic, this dissertation aims to reconsider the late modern crisis of political legitimacy. It conceives such a crisis in both a strict sense, as a crisis of liberal democratic regimes struggling with the effects of rapid social change and the rise of mass politics, and a broad one, i. e., as a crisis of the political and intellectual foundations of the modern age. Weber’s, Kelsen’s and Schmitt’s views of these two critical dimensions will, thus, not only display divergent verdicts on mass democracy, parliamentarism and party pluralism, but also contain alternative narratives of the destiny of mankind in modernity, ranging from moderate optimism to ambivalence and to bitter reaction.
- Published
- 2016
19. Procedural Fairness, the Economy, and Support for Political Authorities.
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro C. and Aguiar‐Conraria, Luís
- Subjects
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DECISION making , *POLITICAL participation , *DEMOCRACY , *FAIRNESS - Abstract
A vast literature in social and organizational psychology suggests that support for authorities is driven both by the outcomes they deliver to people and by the extent to which they employ fair decision making processes. Furthermore, some of that literature describes a process‐outcome interaction, through which the effect of outcome favorability is reduced as process fairness increases. However, very few studies have been conducted to determine whether such interaction is also present in the explanation of support for political authorities. Here, we start by analyzing whether individual perceptions of the political system's procedural fairness moderate the well‐known individual‐level relationship between perceived economic performance and government approval. Then, we explore the implications of such process‐outcome interaction to the phenomenon of "economic voting," testing whether impartiality in governance moderates the effect of objective economic performance on aggregate incumbent parties' support. In both cases, we show that the interaction between processes and outcomes seems to extend beyond the organizational contexts where it has been previously observed, with important implications for the study of political support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Is the Good Polity Attainable? Measuring the Quality of Democracy
- Author
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Pinto, António Costa, Magalhães, Pedro, Sousa, Luís de, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
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Democratização ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Comparative politics ,Context (language use) ,Public administration ,European studies ,Democracy ,Outreach ,Qualidade da democracia ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,Quality (business) ,Engineering ethics ,Democratization ,Polity ,media_common - Abstract
Submitted by Madalena Reis (madalena.reis@ics.ul.pt) on 2015-04-10T11:09:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ICS_ACPinto_PMagalhaes_LSousa_IsTheGood_ARI.pdf: 117240 bytes, checksum: 3edcb98d0c06833c73f8eab4dc20e8d2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T11:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ICS_ACPinto_PMagalhaes_LSousa_IsTheGood_ARI.pdf: 117240 bytes, checksum: 3edcb98d0c06833c73f8eab4dc20e8d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
- Published
- 2012
21. A DUPLA ILUSÃO.
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro T.
- Abstract
Copyright of Relações Internacionais is the property of Relacoes Internacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
22. Experimental evidence that quorum rules discourage turnout and promote election boycotts.
- Author
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Aguiar-Conraria, Luís, Magalhães, Pedro, and Vanberg, Christoph
- Subjects
ELECTION boycotts ,DECISION making ,POLITICAL participation ,DEMOCRACY ,ELECTIONS - Abstract
Many democratic decision making institutions involve quorum rules. Such rules are commonly motivated by concerns about the 'legitimacy' or 'representativeness' of decisions reached when only a subset of eligible voters participates. A prominent example of this can be found in the context of direct democracy mechanisms, such as referenda and initiatives. We conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the consequences of the two most common types of quorum rules: a participation quorum and an approval quorum. We find that both types of quora lead to lower participation rates, dramatically increasing the likelihood of full-fledged electoral boycotts on the part of those who endorse the Status Quo. This discouraging effect is significantly larger under a participation quorum than under an approval quorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Government survival in semi-presidential regimes.
- Author
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FERNANDES, JORGE M. and MAGALHÃES, PEDRO C.
- Subjects
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DEMOCRACY , *SEMI-presidential system , *REPRESENTATIVE government , *EXECUTIVE power , *LEGISLATIVE bodies , *CABINET system - Abstract
As semi-presidentialism has become increasingly common in European democracies, so have the debates about the consequences of several of its political and institutional features. In particular, in those regimes, cohabitation between presidents and cabinets of different parties and cabinet dismissal powers on the part of presidents are thought to be a source of inter-branch conflict and government instability. However, so far, most empirical work on government survival has failed to confirm any of these expectations. This article addresses this disjuncture between theory and empirical results by making a twofold contribution. First, it takes into account the internal diversity within semi-presidentialism, modeling the implications for government survival of different configurations between presidential powers' of cabinet dismissal, parliament dissolution and cohabitation in European semi-presidential systems. Second, it reconsiders traditional government survival using the competing risks framework by adding a distinction between two different types of non-electoral replacement: those where replacements imply a change in the party of the prime minister and those where they do not. Once such an approach is adopted, that presidential powers of parliamentary dissolution and cabinet dismissal indeed emerge as highly relevant for explaining government survival in these regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Sovereign Debt and Governance Failures: Portuguese Democracy and the Financial Crisis.
- Author
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de Sousa, Luís, Magalhães, Pedro C., and Amaral, Luciano
- Subjects
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PUBLIC opinion , *DEMOCRACY , *AUSTERITY , *PORTUGUESE people , *EUROPEAN Sovereign Debt Crisis, 2009-2018 , *POLITICAL participation , *TWENTIETH century , *ECONOMIC policy ,PORTUGUESE economy ,PORTUGUESE politics & government - Abstract
International economic crises are critical periods for any political regime. The 2008 global financial crisis brought to the surface several weak spots in the institutional performance of various southern European democracies. Portugal was no exception. Government attempts to tackle its negative externalities through a series of austerity measures did not prove successful on various grounds. Poor scoring in the economy generated social unrest. This article tries to assess the reaction of the Portuguese citizenry to the symptoms of failure in economic governance, particularly in what concerns their attitudes vis-à-vis the political realm by using different survey data sets. The analysis reveals that the decline in economic performance and in quality of governance is clearly reflected in citizens’ rising discontent with the performance of democracy and suggests even negative spillover effects for regime support. The available data also suggest that any expectations that the economic crisis might have ignited in citizens’ engagement in political issues seem only partially fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Government effectiveness and support for democracy.
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Subjects
- *
ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness , *DEMOCRACY , *LEGITIMACY of governments , *SOCIAL learning theory , *SOCIALIZATION , *POLITICAL attitudes , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Diffuse support for democracy, as captured in mass surveys, tends to be treated as impervious to regime performance. Such a finding is often presented as confirmation of the basic distinction between 'diffuse' and 'specific' support as proposed by David Easton. This study argues that this line of argument stems from an incomplete reading of important aspects of Easton's theorisation about the relationship between system outputs and diffuse support. Using multilevel models, evidence from more than 100 surveys in close to 80 countries, and different measures of democratic support, it is shown that government effectiveness is the strongest macro-level predictor of such support. In democratic regimes, government effectiveness, understood as the quality of policy-making formulation and implementation, is linked to higher levels of support for democracy. Furthermore, in non-democracies, effectiveness and support for democracy are, under some model specifications, negatively related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Disaffected democrats: Political attitudes and political action in Portugal.
- Author
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Magalhães, Pedro C.
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *POLITICAL participation , *POLITICAL attitudes , *SOCIAL participation , *COMMUNITY relations , *PRACTICAL politics ,PORTUGUESE politics & government - Abstract
Three decades after the fall of the Portuguese authoritarian regime, support for democracy has become widespread among the mass public. However, similarities between Portugal and other more established democracies should not be overestimated. In most of the latter, several studies have found increasing political and civic activism on the part of pro-democratic and politically sophisticated citizens, who are nevertheless increasingly dissatisfied with democratic performance. However, the most prevalent and consequential attitudinal-behavioural syndrome in Portugal is less one of ‘democratic dissatisfaction’ than one of ‘democratic disaffection’, entailing low levels of political engagement and participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Under the Veil of Democracy: What Do People Mean When They Say They Support Democracy?
- Author
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Chapman, Hannah S., Hanson, Margaret C., Dzutsati, Valery, and DeBell, Paul
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,CITIZENS ,PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Scholars have expressed concern over waning support for democracy worldwide. But what do ordinary citizens mean by the term "democracy," and how do their definitions of democracy influence their support for it? Using global cross-national survey data, this study demonstrates that individual variation in the understanding of democracy is substantively linked to democratic support across countries and regime contexts. Individuals who define democracy in terms of elections and the protection of civil liberties and those with greater conceptual complexity express higher support for democracy. This relationship between democratic conceptualization and support holds across diverse political contexts and alternative explanations. These results suggest that it is essential to consider divergent conceptualizations of democracy—and how they may vary systematically—when analyzing popular opinions of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Democracy, Public Support, and Measurement Uncertainty.
- Author
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TAI, YUEHONG 'CASSANDRA', HU, YUE, and SOLT, FREDERICK
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,PUBLIC support ,MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics) ,POLITICAL systems ,POLITICAL attitudes - Abstract
Do democratic regimes depend on public support to avoid backsliding? Does public support, in turn, respond thermostatically to changes in democracy? Two prominent recent studies (Claassen 2020a; 2020b) reinvigorated the classic hypothesis on the positive relationship between public support for democracy and regime survival—and challenged its reciprocal counterpart—by using a latent variable approach to measure mass democratic support from cross-national survey data. However, both studies used only the point estimates of democratic support. We show that incorporating the concomitant measurement uncertainty into these analyses reveals that there is no support for either study's conclusion. Efforts to minimize the uncertainty by incorporating additional survey data still fail to yield evidence in support of either hypothesis. These results underscore the need for both more nuanced analyses of the relationships between public support and democracy and taking measurement uncertainty into account when working with latent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Youth Authoritarianism in Korean Democracy: What Makes the Youth in a Consolidated Democracy Withdraw Support for Democracy?
- Author
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WooJin Kang
- Subjects
KOREANS ,YOUNG adults ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,DEMOCRACY ,AUTHORITARIANISM - Abstract
Why do young adults in Korea appear to reject the democratic system and embrace with authoritarianism? Employing a specially designed survey, this study examined the influence of the models of extreme economic hardship, social threat, fairness, and populism using the structural equation model. Thus, the determinants of the authoritarian system were found to be multidimensional and somewhat at odds with each other in the direction of causation. The threat of economic hardship and intolerant attitudes toward North Korea and minorities were important factors that led young adults to support authoritarian regimes. Nevertheless, young adults who are critical of the fairness of democracy in Korea continue to support the democratic system. Young adults who are critical of representative democracy and oriented toward populism showed the same preference. This result provides the hopeful prospect that Korea may not join the recent trend of deconsolidation and further reauthoritarianism in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. How citizens' conceptions of democracy relate to positive and negative partisanship towards populist parties.
- Author
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Wegscheider, Carsten, Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal, and Van Hauwaert, Steven M.
- Subjects
POPULIST parties (Politics) ,CITIZENS ,PUBLIC opinion ,DIRECT democracy ,RIGHT-wing populism ,PARTISANSHIP - Abstract
Although scholars emphasise the contentious relationship of populist forces to (liberal) democracy, less attention has been paid to whether this extends to those who support or oppose populist parties. This article utilises a public opinion dataset from ten Western European countries to analyse how citizens' conceptions of democracy relate to the behavioural intention to vote for or against populist parties. The empirical analysis shows that positive and negative identification with populist parties is driven by different understandings of democracy: While individuals who are less inclined to liberal democracy but more to direct democracy and authoritarian forms of rule are more likely to sympathise with populist parties, the opposite understanding of democracy predicts opposition to both left-wing and right-wing populists. These findings demonstrate that citizens with positive and negative partisanship towards populist parties are divided in their interpretations about both the conceptual meaning and the normative functioning of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Liberal Democratic Support in Contemporary Brazil: A Descriptive Exploration.
- Author
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CARLIN, RYAN E., FUKS, MÁRIO, and RIBEIRO, EDNALDO
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DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL attitudes ,CIVIL rights ,POLITICAL rights - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Opinión Pública is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. LOS SISTEMAS NACIONALES DE PARTIDOS DURANTE LA CRISIS ECONÓMICA. EL CASO DE PORTUGAL (2009-2022).
- Author
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Díaz Montiel, Alberto
- Subjects
POLITICAL stability ,ELECTIONS ,POLITICAL parties ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL systems ,STATISTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Anduli: Revista Andaluza de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Anduli: Revista Andaluza de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Government repression and citizen support for democratic rights in Africa.
- Author
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Selvik, Lisa-Marie and Dupuy, Kendra
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,DEMOCRACY ,CIVIL society ,CITIZENS ,DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
Public opinion polls conducted over the past five years point to a downward trend in African citizens' support for civil society and media freedoms. This is despite the flourishing of civil society and media actors as well as the expansion of democracy on the continent in the post-Cold War period. What explains this downward trend in public support? We use cross-national polling data from the Afrobarometer survey to examine the decline in public support for freedoms of association and media between 2011 and 2018 in the African context, a continent that has experienced decades of democratization waves and pressure. Using a multilevel statistical modelling approach, we analyse the influence of government repression of civil society and media actors on citizen support for enhanced government control over freedoms of association and the media. Our study shows that the government's repressive actions against civil society and media actors increases the probability that citizens will support control over association and media freedoms. Concerningly, this suggests government clampdowns on democratic rights influences the African publics to support such clampdowns, potentially legitimizing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Democratic resilience: citizens' evaluation of democratic performance during the great recession in the European Union.
- Author
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Tirado Castro, Alejandro
- Subjects
GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 ,POLITICAL change ,DEMOCRACY ,POPULIST parties (Politics) ,POLITICAL system efficacy - Abstract
During the Great Recession, European democracies underwent major political changes, from the spread of institutional discontent to the rise of radical populist parties. The erosion of democratic satisfaction in EU member states after the exogenous shock of the economic crisis is a significant phenomenon that requires innovative analysis and explanation. This article develops a new conceptual and empirical framework that examines how democracies are affected by exogenous shocks and the determinants of resilient democracies. The study explores the notion of democratic resilience, conceptualized as democratic resilience as the system characteristics which successfully adapt to or overcome democratic delegitimization processes after a shock. The analysis provides a classification of democracies by trajectory, distinguishing between preventive, recovered, and damaged democracies, and identifies which political characteristics have successfully increased or decreased democratic resilience. External political efficacy and economic satisfaction are highlighted as indispensable components and mediators of political and economic contextual features for a more resilient and stable political system during economic crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Raising the Red Flag: Democratic Elitism and the Protests in Chile.
- Author
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Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew and Rosenblatt, Fernando
- Subjects
POPULISM ,ELITISM ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
The recent surge of global populism has led many intellectuals to call for new forms of democratic elitism. Yet research into the sources of support for political organizations and regimes predicts that suppressing opportunities for public participation will likely exacerbate antisystem political tendencies. We cite the recent protests in Chile, a nation that has employed democratic elitism more effectively than perhaps any other, as illustrative of the eventual consequences of suppressing voice. Our research indicates that empowering citizens through vibrant parties and continuous democracy is the best way to avoid populist impulses and waves of contentious politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Leaving democracy? Pandemic threat, emotional accounts and regime support in comparative perspective.
- Author
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Erhardt, Julian, Freitag, Markus, and Filsinger, Maximilian
- Subjects
DECISION making in political science ,EMOTIONS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PANDEMICS ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments even in consolidated democracies have adopted drastic measures, temporarily constraining individual freedoms and expanding executive political decision making. In light of this trade-off between public health measures and democratic norms, it becomes crucial to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on public support for democratic versus authoritarian regimes. Following insights of the affective intelligence theory, emotions, and not only rational considerations, are key to understanding behavioural and attitudinal responses to crises. In the article it is argued that the pandemic threat of COVID-19 affects regime preferences by evoking distinct negative emotions, in particular anger and fear. Using original survey data in six European countries, it is shown that COVID-19-induced anger and fear have divergent effects on regime preferences. While democratic regime preference has declined for angry respondents, there is also a message of hope: fearful respondents display increased support for a democratic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Satisfaction with Democracy: A Review of a Major Public Opinion Indicator.
- Author
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Singh, Shane P and Mayne, Quinton
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,PUBLIC opinion ,SATISFACTION ,POLITICAL participation ,POLITICAL psychology - Abstract
Satisfaction with democracy (SWD) is one of the most commonly studied topics in the fields of political behavior and public opinion. Gauged with a survey question that asks respondents whether they are satisfied with the way democracy works, SWD has featured as an independent or dependent variable in more than 400 publications. In this Synthesis, we review the evolution and findings of this nearly 50-year-old body of literature, identifying gaps and disagreements. We pay particular attention to issues of measurement and conceptualization, research methodology, and real-world importance. We conclude by highlighting critical areas of future research, including continued investigation into the measurement of SWD and what the question captures, more qualitative and (quasi-)experimental work, more focus on emotions and extreme (dis)satisfaction, and greater geographic coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Education, democratic governance, and satisfaction with democracy: Multilevel evidence from Latin America.
- Author
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Monsiváis-Carrillo, Alejandro and Cantú Ramos, Gabriela
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,PUBLIC officers ,SATISFACTION ,BRIBERY - Abstract
It is usually recognized that satisfaction with democracy is enhanced by clean governments and fair democratic procedures. However, under certain circumstances, some citizens might appreciate the quality of democratic governance more than others. Building on research that underlines the accuracy and norm-inducing functions of education, we argue that the quality of democratic governance conditions the relationship between education and satisfaction with democracy. Analyzing data from 18 Latin American countries, we find that higher-educated citizens are less satisfied with the regime than the less-educated. Among the highly educated, nonetheless, the least satisfied are those who were asked by public officials to pay bribes. Highly educated individuals are more satisfied with the regime if their country's quality of democracy is robust rather than weak. At the lowest level of education, the conditional influence of being asked for a bribe or the quality of democracy is absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Ideological Congruence, Perceived Accountability, and Satisfaction with Democracy: Case Studies of Australia and New Zealand.
- Author
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Chia-hung Tsai and Tan, Alexander
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,CITIZENS ,POLITICAL parties ,VOTERS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Electoral Studies is the property of National Chengchi University, Election Study Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics
- Author
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Fernandes, Jorge M., editor, Magalhães, Pedro C., editor, and Pinto, António Costa, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The autocratic bias: self-censorship of regime support.
- Author
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Tannenberg, Marcus
- Subjects
SELF-censorship ,DICTATORSHIP ,LEGITIMACY of governments ,CORRUPTION ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Because of a perceived (and real) risk of repressive action, some survey questions are sensitive in more autocratic countries while less so in more democratic countries. Yet, survey data on potentially sensitive topics are frequently used in comparative research despite concerns about comparability. To examine the comparability of politically sensitive questions, I employ a multilevel analysis with more than 228,000 respondents in 37 African countries to test for systematic bias when the survey respondents believe (fear) that the government, rather than an independent research institute, has commissioned the survey. The findings indicate that fear of the government induces a substantial and significant bias on questions regarding trust, approval and corruption perceptions in more autocratic countries, but not in more democratic countries. In contrast, innocuous, apolitical questions are not systematically influenced by regime type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. INTEGRIDAD ELECTORAL, INTERÉS EN LA POLÍTICA Y SATISFACCIÓN CON LA DEMOCRACIA EN MÉXICO.
- Author
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MONSIVÁIS CARRILLO, ALEJANDRO
- Subjects
CORRUPT practices in elections ,ELECTIONS ,MALPRACTICE ,INTEGRITY ,DEMOCRACY ,PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Governance Quality, Fairness Perceptions, and Satisfaction with Democracy in Latin America.
- Author
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Saxton, Gregory W.
- Subjects
FAIRNESS ,INCOME inequality ,DEMOCRACY ,EQUALITY ,CITIZEN satisfaction ,EXERCISE - Abstract
How do individuals' fairness judgments affect their political evaluations? This article argues that when citizens perceive high levels of distributive unfairness in society, they will be less satisfied with the way democracy functions. Yet good governance—that is, impartiality in the exercise of political authority—should mitigate the negative influence of perceived distributive unfairness on satisfaction. Using a cross-national analysis of 18 Latin American countries from 2011 to 2015, this study demonstrates that individuals are significantly less satisfied with democracy when they perceive their country's income distribution as unfair. Yet good governance significantly offsets this negative relationship, even in a region with the highest level of inequality in the world. These findings imply that policymakers can bolster democratic satisfaction, even in places where citizens perceive the income distribution as fundamentally unfair, by committing to good governance and fair democratic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. In the Mood for Democracy? Democratic Support as Thermostatic Opinion.
- Author
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CLAASSEN, CHRISTOPHER
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,PUBLIC opinion ,COMPARATIVE government ,POLITICAL attitudes ,SOCIAL processes ,MOOD (Psychology) ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,MAJORITARIANISM - Abstract
Public support has long been thought crucial for the vitality and survival of democracy. Existing research has argued that democracy also creates its own demand: through early-years socialization and later-life learning, the presence of a democratic system coupled with the passage of time produces widespread public support for democracy. Using new panel measures of democratic mood varying over 135 countries and up to 30 years, this article finds little evidence for such a positive feedback effect of democracy on support. Instead, it demonstrates a negative thermostatic effect: increases in democracy depress democratic mood, while decreases cheer it. Moreover, it is increases in the liberal, counter-majoritarian aspects of democracy, not the majoritarian, electoral aspects that provoke this backlash from citizens. These novel results challenge existing research on support for democracy, but also reconcile this research with the literature on macro-opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Does Public Support Help Democracy Survive?
- Author
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Claassen, Christopher
- Subjects
PUBLIC support ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL change ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,POLITICAL attitudes - Abstract
It is widely believed that democracy requires public support to survive. The empirical evidence for this hypothesis is weak, however, with existing tests resting on small cross‐sectional samples and producing contradictory results. The underlying problem is that survey measures of support for democracy are fragmented across time, space, and different survey questions. In response, this article uses a Bayesian latent variable model to estimate a smooth country‐year panel of democratic support for 135 countries and up to 29 years. The article then demonstrates a positive effect of support on subsequent democratic change, while adjusting for the possible confounding effects of prior levels of democracy and unobservable time‐invariant factors. Support is, moreover, more robustly linked with the endurance of democracy than its emergence in the first place. As Lipset (1959) and Easton (1965) hypothesized over 50 years ago, public support does indeed help democracy survive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Is Democracy Necessary for Good Governance?
- Author
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Ishiyama, John
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,RULE of law ,EMPIRICAL research ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Objective: Is democracy necessary for good governance? Although it is often assumed that there is a natural connection between democracy and governance, there is remarkably little empirical work that tests this relationship cross‐nationally. Methods: In this article, I first focus on distinguishing aspects of good governance and separate them conceptually from democracy. Second, I outline several different types of regime models that represent models for emulation among developing countries. Third, using data from 115 countries from 1996 to 2011, I quantitatively analyze which of these is more effective in producing good governance (which in part explains the appeal of some models over others). Results: The results suggest that there are (1) either no differences between one‐party regimes and democracies in terms of the promotion of rule of law or effective governance in the developing world; and (2) some types of semi‐authoritarian one‐party regimes are better at promoting rule of law and effective governance than other types of authoritarian regimes—equally as well as democracies. Conclusion: Contrary to much of the literature, democracy does not appear to be necessary for good "enough" governance. However, in the long run, for good governance and the "rule of law" to firmly take root (where regime elites are held accountable by law), democratic institutions must be ultimately developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Democratic demand and supply: a spatial model approach to satisfaction with democracy.
- Author
-
Heyne, Lea
- Subjects
SUPPLY & demand ,SOCIAL surveys ,SATISFACTION ,DEMOCRACY ,SOCIAL justice - Abstract
Satisfaction with democracy (SWD) is a commonly used indicator, and its determinants have been analysed extensively. But what does dissatisfaction with democracy substantially mean? This paper tests if satisfaction is actually a coherent consequence of citizens considering democratic supply and demand. It starts from the simple idea that satisfaction can be explained by the distance between what "should be" and what "is"; between democratic expectations and reality. I capture this idea in a spatial model of democratic support, where size and direction of the gap between citizens' expectations and evaluations of democracy determine levels of satisfaction. I use data for 26 countries from the European Social Survey. Taking into account both expectation-surplus and evaluations-surplus gaps, I find that satisfaction is affected by both the size and the direction of the distance between expectations and evaluations. The main finding is that liberal criteria of democratic quality are generally agreed upon amongst citizens, and that a perceived lack of their realization is the strongest predictor of dissatisfaction. Democratic input dimensions like direct participation and output criteria like social justice are more disputed, and create dissatisfaction amongst those wanting more of them as well as those wanting less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Estudios sobre comportamiento electoral, ¿qué explica la participación en las urnas? Un estado del arte.
- Author
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Bedoya Marulanda, John Fredy, Escobar Escobar, Juan Carlos, Sánchez Parra, Aura, and Nieto Palacio, Felipe
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,STATISTICAL significance ,PARTICIPATION ,BEHAVIOR ,VOTER turnout ,ELECTIONS - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Socialization or Experience? Institutional Trust and Satisfaction with Democracy among Emigrants in Different Institutional Settings.
- Author
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Dahlberg, Stefan and Linde, Jonas
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,SOCIALIZATION ,TRUST ,IMMIGRANTS ,SWEDES ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
In this article, we assess the explanatory power of two contrasting theories about the sources of political trust. Using a unique survey of expatriated Swedes together with two cross-country surveys, we investigate how a move from a context of high institutional quality to countries characterized by low institutional quality affects peoples’ institutional trust and satisfaction with democracy. Our analyses show that Swedes living in countries with low levels of institutional quality display significantly lower levels of political trust and support compared to the native population, demonstrating that experience of institutional quality is more important than socialization and culture. However, long-time exposure to, and socialization into, a new cultural and institutional setting triggers something like a process of resocialization, in which the difference in satisfaction and trust decreases over time. The results are robust to a wide array of specifications and statistical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The costs of electoral fraud: establishing the link between electoral integrity, winning an election, and satisfaction with democracy.
- Author
-
Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica, Harfst, Philipp, and Dingler, Sarah C.
- Subjects
FRAUD ,ELECTIONS & ethics ,INTEGRITY ,DEMOCRACY ,SATISFACTION ,VOTER psychology - Abstract
Previous research has shown that voters’ perception of electoral fairness has an impact on their attitudes and behaviors. However, less research has attempted to link objective measurements of electoral integrity on voters’ attitudes about the democratic process. Drawing on data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the Quality of Elections Data, we investigate whether cross-national differences in electoral integrity have significant influences on citizens’ level of satisfaction with democracy. We hypothesize that higher levels of observed electoral fraud will have a negative impact on evaluations of the democratic process, and that this effect will be mediated by a respondent’s status as a winner or loser of an election. The article’s main finding is that high levels of electoral fraud are indeed linked to less satisfaction with democracy. However, we show that winning only matters in elections that are conducted in an impartial way. The moment elections start to display the telltale signs of manipulation and malpractice, winning and losing no longer have different effects on voter’s levels of satisfaction with democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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