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• The study directly compares auditory and visual event-related oscillations in dementia with Lewy bodies. • Early sensory and later cognitive processing activity in theta band is impaired in the visual, but not in the auditory task. • Visual event-related oscillations are characterized by a decrease in theta and lack of inhibition in alpha bands. Aside from the cognitive impairment, patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have a high frequency of visual hallucinations and a number of other vision-related symptoms, whereas auditory hallucinations are less frequent. To better understand the differential dysfunction of the visual network in DLB, we compared auditory and visual event-related potentials and oscillations in patients with DLB. Event-related potentials elicited by visual and auditory oddball tasks were recorded in 23 patients with DLB and 22 healthy controls and analyzed in time and time-frequency domain. DLB patients had decreased theta band activity related to both early sensory and later cognitive processing in the visual, but not in the auditory task. Patients had lower delta and higher alpha and beta bands power related to later cognitive processing in both auditory and visual tasks. In DLB visual event-related oscillations are characterized by a decrease in theta and lack of inhibition in alpha bands. Decreased theta and a lack of inhibition in alpha band power might be an oscillatory underpinning of some classical DLB symptoms such as fluctuations in attention and high-level visual disturbances and a potential marker of dysfunction of the visual system in DLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]