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Based on structural elucidation of natural and hydrolyzed glycans, the general glycans profiling of D. officinale were unequivocally established for the first time as follows: [Display omitted] The results indicated that the structure of D. officinale glycans with low degree of polymerization (DP ≤ 22) was linear α -D-1,4-glucan, whereas the structure of glycans with high degree of polymerization (DP > 24) was linear acetylated 1,4-glucomannan. The content of acetyl groups and mannose to glucose (M/G) ratio increased with the degree of polymerization of D. officinale glycans. In addition, this study showed that natural D. officinale glycans protected pancreatic β -cell damage induced by glucotoxicity through the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway. • The D. officinale glycans (DP ≤ 22) was linear α -D-1,4-glucan whereas the glycans (DP > 24) was linear acetylated 1,4-glucomannan. • The general glycans profiling of D. officinale plant was first given. • The natural D. officinale glycans protected pancreatic β -cell through (ERK)1/2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]