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1. Using improved technology for filter paper-based blood collection to survey wild Sika deer for antibodies to hepatitis E virus.

Author

Yu C, Zimmerman C, Stone R, Engle RE, Elkins W, Nardone GA, Emerson SU, and Purcell RH

Subjects
Animals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Filtration methods, Hepatitis E transmission, Hepatitis E virology, Humans, Maryland epidemiology, Paper, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virginia epidemiology, Zoonoses epidemiology, Zoonoses transmission, Zoonoses virology, Animals, Wild virology, Blood Specimen Collection methods, Deer virology, Hepatitis Antibodies blood, Hepatitis E epidemiology, Hepatitis E virus immunology
Abstract

Recent reports from Japan implicated wild Sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E to humans. Seroprevalence studies were performed to determine if imported feral populations of Sika deer in Maryland and Virginia posed a similar risk of transmitting hepatitis E virus (HEV). Hunters collected blood on filter paper discs from freshly killed deer. The discs were desiccated and delivered to a collection point. The dried filters were weighed to estimate the amount of blood absorbed and were eluted and collected in one tube via a novel extraction system. The procedure was quantified and validated with negative and positive serum and blood samples obtained from domestic Sika deer before and after immunization with HEV recombinant capsid protein, respectively. None of the 155 tested samples contained antibody to HEV, suggesting that Sika deer in these populations, unlike those in Japan, do not pose a significant zoonotic threat for hepatitis E. However, the new method developed for collecting and eluting the samples should prove useful for field studies of many other pathogens.

Published
2007
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2. Use of Blood-soaked Cellulose Filter Paper for Measuring Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

Author

Megan Templeton, Randall S. Wells, J. Margaret Castellini, Todd M. O'Hara, Kimberlee B. Beckmen, and James Berner

Subjects
Paper, Nitrogen, 040301 veterinary sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Animals, Wild, Sulfides, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 0403 veterinary science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ethylamines, Animals, Cellulose, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Whole blood, Carbon Isotopes, Chromatography, Nitrogen Isotopes, Ecology, Filter paper, Stable isotope ratio, Deer, Sampling (statistics), Ruminants, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Contamination, Carbon, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin, Blood, chemistry
Abstract

We explored the use of filter paper soaked in whole blood for measuring carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes, often used in feeding ecology or diet studies, to better understand drivers of exposure to contaminants. Our results showed no statistically or biologically relevant differences in C and N stable isotope measures between our gold standard (whole blood with anticoagulant) and eluates from processed, blood-soaked filter paper. Our data supported the effectiveness of using filter paper for assessing C and N stable isotopes in blood to address feeding ecology and other uses. The ease of sampling and processing should allow blood-soaked filter paper to be used in sampling of live (e.g., captured, stranded) and lethally taken (e.g., hunter-killed) wild vertebrates.

Published
2018
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14. An improved method for determining celluloytic activity in anerobic bacteria

Author

S. O. Mann

Subjects
Paper, Bacteriological Techniques, Rumen, Sheep, Serial dilution, Bacteria, Deer, Improved method, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Animals, Cattle, Anaerobic bacteria, Cellulose
Abstract

SUMMARY An improved method for determining cellulolytic activity in anaerobic bacteria is described in which the disintegration of a filter paper strip denotes activity. By inoculating the paper-containing media from dilutions of material such as rumen contents estimates of the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria in the original material may be made. The method can also be used for determining cellulolytic activity of pure cultures. Morphology and other properties of the bacteria may be determined.

Published
1968

16. Seri Dreams

Author

Harrington, Gwyneth, Bernett, Miguel, and Barnett, Victoria

Published
1988