Search

In today's real-world, estimation of the level of difficulty of the musical is part of very meaningful musical learning. A musical learner cannot learn without a defined precise estimation. This problem is not very basic but it is complicated up to some extent because of the subjectivity of the contents and the scarcity of the data. In this paper, a lightweight model that generates original music content using deep learning along with generating music based on a specific genre is proposed. The paper discusses a lightweight deep learning-based approach for jazz music generation in MIDI format. In this work, the genre of music chosen is Jazz, and the songs selected are classical numbers composed by various artists. All the songs are in MIDI format and there might be differences in the pace or tone of the music. It is prudential to make sure that the chosen datasets that do not have these kinds of differences and are similar to the final output as desired. A model is trained to take in a part of a music file as input and should produce its continuation. The result generated should be similar to the dataset given as the input. Moreover, the proposed model also generates music using a particular instrument., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Prasant Singh Yadav et al.)

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) of fetal brain is challenged by frequent fetal motion and signal to noise ratio that is much lower than non-fetal imaging. As a result, accurate and robust parameter estimation in fetal DW-MRI remains an open problem. Recently, deep learning techniques have been successfully used for DW-MRI parameter estimation in non-fetal subjects. However, none of those prior works has addressed the fetal brain because obtaining reliable fetal training data is challenging. To address this problem, in this work we propose a novel methodology that utilizes fetal scans as well as scans from prematurely-born infants. High-quality newborn scans are used to estimate accurate maps of the parameter of interest. These parameter maps are then used to generate DW-MRI data that match the measurement scheme and noise distribution that are characteristic of fetal data. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed data generation pipeline, we used the generated data to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate color fractional anisotropy (CFA). We evaluated the trained CNN on independent sets of fetal data in terms of reconstruction accuracy, precision, and expert assessment of reconstruction quality. Results showed significantly lower reconstruction error (n=100,p<0.001) and higher reconstruction precision (n=20,p<0.001) for the proposed machine learning pipeline compared with standard estimation methods. Expert assessments on 20 fetal test scans showed significantly better overall reconstruction quality (p<0.001) and more accurate reconstruction of 11 regions of interest (p<0.001) with the proposed method., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

With an aim to increase the capture range and accelerate the performance of state-of-the-art inter-subject and subject-to-template 3-D rigid registration, we propose deep learning-based methods that are trained to find the 3-D position of arbitrarily-oriented subjects or anatomy in a canonical space based on slices or volumes of medical images. For this, we propose regression convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that learn to predict the angle-axis representation of 3-D rotations and translations using image features. We use and compare mean square error and geodesic loss to train regression CNNs for 3-D pose estimation used in two different scenarios: slice-to-volume registration and volume-to-volume registration. As an exemplary application, we applied the proposed methods to register arbitrarily oriented reconstructed images of fetuses scanned in-utero at a wide gestational age range to a standard atlas space. Our results show that in such registration applications that are amendable to learning, the proposed deep learning methods with geodesic loss minimization achieved 3-D pose estimation with a wide capture range in real-time (<100ms). We also tested the generalization capability of the trained CNNs on an expanded age range and on images of newborn subjects with similar and different MR image contrasts. We trained our models on T2-weighted fetal brain MRI scans and used them to predict the 3-D pose of newborn brains based on T1-weighted MRI scans. We showed that the trained models generalized well for the new domain when we performed image contrast transfer through a conditional generative adversarial network. This indicates that the domain of application of the trained deep regression CNNs can be further expanded to image modalities and contrasts other than those used in training. A combination of our proposed methods with accelerated optimization-based registration algorithms can dramatically enhance the performance of automatic imaging devices and image processing methods of the future.

• We propose a data-driven method for determination of orientations of brain fascicles. • We compute feature vectors that represent signal attenuation with orientation. • An MLP uses the feature vector to predict the angle to the closest fascicle. • Our method accurately estimates the number and orientations of fascicles in a voxel. • Our method also leads to superior tractography, assessed by experts. [Display omitted] Accurate modeling of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measurements is necessary for accurate brain connectivity analysis. Existing methods for estimating the number and orientations of fascicles in an imaging voxel either depend on non-convex optimization techniques that are sensitive to initialization and measurement noise, or are prone to predicting spurious fascicles. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based technique that can accurately estimate the number and orientations of fascicles in a voxel. Our method can be trained with either simulated or real diffusion-weighted imaging data. Our method estimates the angle to the closest fascicle for each direction in a set of discrete directions uniformly spread on the unit sphere. This information is then processed to extract the number and orientations of fascicles in a voxel. On realistic simulated phantom data with known ground truth, our method predicts the number and orientations of crossing fascicles more accurately than several classical and machine learning methods. It also leads to more accurate tractography. On real data, our method is better than or compares favorably with other methods in terms of robustness to measurement down-sampling and also in terms of expert quality assessment of tractography results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]