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Background/Aim. Due to their primary medical condition, children with special needs often display lower levels of oral hygiene, larger prevalence of caries and other oral diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental caries, oral cleanliness and presence of malocclusion in children with disabilities, as well as to evaluate eruption time of the permanent molars. Methods. Case-control study was carried out on a group of 107 children with disabilities at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. The control group comprised of 104 healthy school children. Results. Children with disabilities had statistically higher mean [decayed missing and filled teeth - dmft for primary DMF for permanent dentition (dmft DMFT)] values in both dentitions than children from the control group (p lt 0.05). Oral cleanliness level was much lower in children with disabilities. A significantly higher percentage of Class II malocclusions and a higher tendency to have a delayed time of eruption of permanent molars were observed in the test group in permanent dentition. Conclusion. Considering poor oral health status and higher tendency for development of malloclusions and delayed eruption, it is necessary to develop preventive dental programmes for children with special needs, as well as improve public awareness about these issues., Uvod/Cilj. Deca sa posebnim potrebama često zbog svoje primarne bolesti, imaju niži nivo oralne higijene i veću prevalencu karijesa i drugih oralnih oboljenja. Cilj rada bio je da se proceni prevalenca karijesa, nivoa oralne higijene i prisustvo malokluzija kod dece sa posebnim potrebama, kao i vreme erupcije stalnih molara. Metode. Ispitivanjem oralnog zdravlja obuhvaćeno je 107 dece sa posebnim potrebama na Klinici za dečju i preventivnu stomatologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta u Beogradu. Kontrolnu grupu je činilo 104 zdrave školske dece. Rezultati. Deca sa posebnim potrebama imala su statistički značajno viši nivo indeksa karijesnih, ekstrahovanih i plombiranih zuba (KEP) u obe denticije, u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (p lt 0.05). Nivo oralne higijene bio je lošiji kod dece sa posebnim potrebama. Takođe, primećeno je statistički značajno povećanje malokluzija klase II, kao i kasnije vreme erupcije stalnih molara kod dece sa posebnim potrebama u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Zaključak. Zbog lošijeg stanja oralnog zdravlja i povećane verovatnoće razvoja malokluzija i odloženog nicanja zuba, neophodno je formirati preventivne stomatološke programe za decu sa posebnim potrebama, kao i poboljšati informisanost javnosti o ovom problemu.

Backgraund/Aim. Increased body weight in childhood may have negative effects on many tissues and organs in the body. The aim of this study was to determine whether the state of oral health in children with increased body mass is different from the children with normal body weight. Methods. The study included 190 children, aged 6 to 15 years. Assessment of nutritional status of subjects was performed by the use of Body Mass, and the respondents were divided into a group of increased body weight children (IWC) and a group of normal body weight children (NWC). Hard dental tissue state of health was assessed by the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The gingival health was assessed using gingival index (GI). Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used for the assessment of periodontal tissue. The oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Debris (Plaque) Index Greene-Vermilion. Results. Average DMFT value in the IWC group was 5.01 ± 2.4, and in the NWC 4.43 ± 2.0; (p > 0.05). GI values in the IWC group was 0.64 ± 0.37, while in the NWC group it was 0.55 ± 0.35 (the difference was not statistically significant). Average CPI index values were 1.33 ± 0.49 in the IWC group and 0.77 ± 0.61 in the NWC group and statistically significant differences were observed concerning periodontal tissue state of health. The GV index values in the IWC group were 1.01 ± 0.49, and in the NWC group 0.89 ± 0.45; it was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Results of this research do not indicate that children with increased body weight have more affected teeth. However, they have a worse condition of periodontal tissue in comparison to normal weight children., Uvod/Cilj. Povećana telesna masa u dečijem uzrastu može negativno da utiče na mnoga tkiva i organe u organizmu čoveka. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ustanovi da li se stanje oralnog zdravlja dece sa povećanom telesnom masom razlikuje u odnosu na decu koja imaju normalnu telesnu masu. Metode. U studiju je bilo uključeno190 dece, uzrasta od 6 do 15 godina. Procena stepena uhranjenosti ispitanika izvršena je pomoću Indeksa telesne mase, a ispitanici su podeljeni u grupu dece sa povećanom telesnom masom i decu sa normalnom telesnom masom. Stanje zdravlja tvrdih zubnih tkiva ocenjeno je pomoću KEP indeksa (ukupan broj karoiznih, ekstrahovanih i plombiranih zuba). Stanje zdravlja gingive procenjeno je pomoću loe Gingivalnog indeksa (GI). Za procenu parodontalnih tkiva upotrebljen je Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Stanje oralne higijene utvđeno je uz pomoć Plak indeksa po Greene-Vermilion- u. Rezultati. U grupi djece sa povećanom telesnom masom prosečna vrednost indeksa KEP bila je 5,01 ± 2,4 a kod dece sa normalnom telesnom masom 4,43 ± 2,0; ova razlika nije bila statistički značajna. Vrednost GI u grupi gojazne dece bila je 0,64 ± 0,37, a u grupi dece sa normalnom telesnom masom 0,55 ± 0,35; ni ova razlika nije bila statistički značajna. Prosečne vrednosti CPI u grupi gojazne dece bila je 1,33 ± 0,49, a u grupi dece sa normalnom telesnom masom 0,77 ± 0,61 što je bilo statistički značajno (p lt 0.05). Vrednosti plak-indeksa nisu bile statistički značajno različitie u obe ispitivane grupe dece. Zaključak. Rezultati istraživanja ne ukazuju da deca sa povećanom telesnom masom imaju više obolelih zuba. Međutim, ona imaju teži stepen obolenja parodontalnih tkiva u odnosu na decu koja imaju normalnu telesnu masu.

Background/Aim. Oral health is an important part of overall health. Good oral health is important for oral diseases prevention and health maintenance of respiratory system. The aim of the study was to evaluate oral hygiene and periodontal health parameters of asthmatic children and to compare them with children without asthma as well as to evaluate those parameters according to type of used medications and time of taking medications in children with asthma. Methods. This epidemiological study included 68 children with asthma and 68 children without asthma or any other chronic disease aged from 6 to 16 years. Parameters used in this study were Greene-Vermillion index, Löe-Silness gingival index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Results. Good oral hygiene (31.1%) was more present in children without asthma whereas poor hygiene (20.0%) was more frequent in children with asthma (p lt 0.001). Healthy gingiva was more frequent in children without asthma (25%) while mild (58.8%) and moderate gingival inflammation (5.9%) were more frequent in the group of children with asthma (p lt 0.01). Mean CPI values were higher in children with asthma (p lt 0.001). Mean values of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and CPI did not show statistically significant difference in relation to type of administered medication. However, taking medications in the afternoon was related to higher mean values of Plaque Index and Gingival Index (p lt 0.05) within the group of children with asthma. Conclusion. Children with asthma had poorer oral hygiene and were diagnosed with greater values of oral hygiene and periodontal indices compared with the group of children without asthma. For this reason, it is necessary to promote oral health and establish good oral hygiene habits in asthmatic children., Uvod/Cilj. Oralno zdravlje je važan deo opšteg zdravlja. Dobro oralno zdravlje je važno kako za prevenciju oralnih oboljenja tako i za održavanje zdravlja respiratornog sistema. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se proceni oralna higijena, stanje zdravlja parodontalnih tkiva dece obolele od astme, te da se te vrednosti uporede sa pronađenim vrednostima kod dece bez astme, kao i da se dobijene vrednosti procene u odnosu na vrstu i vreme upotrebljenog leka u grupi dece sa astmom. Metode. U epidemiološku studiju je uključeno 68 dece sa astmom i 68 dece bez astme ili bilo koje druge hronične bolesti, uzrasta od 6 do 16 godina. Parametri korišćeni u studiji su bili plak indeks po Greene-Vermillionu, Löe- Silnessov gingivalni indeks i Indeks stanja parodoncijuma u zajednici (Community Periodontal Index - CPI). Rezultati. Dobra oralna higijena bila je prisutnija kod dece bez astme (31,1%), dok je loša češće bila zastupljena kod dece sa astmom (20,0%) (p lt 0,001). Zdrava gingiva je bila zastupljena češće kod dece bez astme (25%), dok je blaga (58,8%) i umerena (5,9%) upala desni bila prisutnija u grupi dece sa astmom (p lt 0.01). Prosečne vrednosti CPI indeksa bile su veće kod dece sa astmom (p lt 0.001). Prosečne vrednosti plak indeksa, gingivalnog indeksa i CPI nisu ukazale na značajnu razliku u odnosu na vrstu primenjenog leka. Međutim, uzimanje lekova u popodnevnim satima je bilo povezano sa višim vrednostima plak i gingivalnog indeksa (p lt 0,05) u grupi dece sa astmom. Zaključak. Deca sa astmom su imala lošiju oralnu higijenu i kod njih su utvrđene veće vrednost plak i parodontalnih indeksa u poređenju sa grupom dece bez astme. Iz tog razloga neophodno je promovisanje oralnog zdravlja kao i uspostavljanje dobrih oralno higijenskih navika kod dece sa astmom.

Background/Aim. Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of rare, genetic connective tissue diseases that cause blisters in the skin and mucosal membranes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica and level of knowledge and opinion of parents about the implementation of preventive measures and quality of dental care of affected children. Methods. This study included a group of 17 patients from Serbia suffering from dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and matched control group. Dental caries status was assessed using the Klein-Palmer index. Oral hygiene status was verified with oral hygiene indices, simplified plaque index, and calculus index as described by Green and Vermillion. The gingiva was assessed as healthy or inflamed (gingivitis) on the basis of any changes in color, shape, size and surface texture. The condition of oral mucosa has been registered on the basis of inspection of the lips, tongue, a floor of the mouth, mouth vestibule and palate. The level of knowledge and the impressions of parents about the application of preventive measures were investigated through two questionnaires specifically designed for this study. Results. In both dentitions, there was the highest percentage of caries teeth. In primary dentition average value of the modified plaque index was 1.4 ± 1.14 and modified calculus was 0.7 ± 1. On permanent teeth average plaque index was 2 ± 0.4, and average calculus 1.6 ± 0.6. Statistically, significant higher values were found in permanent dentition in percentage distribution of decayed, missing, filled teeth and also for plaque and calculus indices between affected children and the control group. Most common findings on mucosa were microstomia (76.5%) and ankyloglossia (88.2%). Conclusion. The absence of protocol between the treating physician and the dentist and not sufficiently informed parents are leading to inadequate dental care. The implementation of preventive measures is of most importance to decrease the risk of severe complications that are difficult to be managed., Uvod/Cilj. Bulozna epidermoliza je grupa retkih, genetski predisponiranih bolesti vezivnog tkiva koja se karakteriše formiranjem bula (mehurova) u koži i mukoznim membranama. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita stanje oralnog zdravlja dece obolele od distrofične bulozne epidermolize, kao i nivo znanja i mišljenje roditelja o primeni preventivnih mera i kvalitetu stomatološke zaštite obolele dece. Metode. U studiju je bilo uključeno 17 bolesnika sa distrofičnom buloznom epidermolizom iz Srbije i odgovarajuća kontrolna grupa. Stanje zuba ustanovljeno je Klein Palmerovim indeksom karijesnih, ekstrakovanih plombiranih zuba - KEP indeksom. Stanje oralne higijene analizirano je indeksima oralne higijene (pojednostavljeni plak indeks i indeks zubnog kamenca po Green-Vermillionu). Stanje gingive je na osnovu inspekcije ocenjivano kao zdrava gingiva ili gingivitis, u zavisnosti od toga da li su joj bili promenjeni boja, oblik, veličina ili struktura. Stanje oralne sluzokože evidentirano je na osnovu inspekcije usana, jezika, poda usne duplje, vestibuluma, plika i frenuluma, kao i mekog i tvrdog nepca. Nivo znanja i utisci roditelja o primeni preventivnih mera i kvalitetu stomatološke zaštite dece obolele od bolozne epidermolize, ispitivani su kroz dva upitnika specijalno dizajnirana za potrebe ove studije. Rezultati. U obe denticije bilo je najviše karijesno obolelih zuba. Za mlečnu denticiju prosečan modifikovani plak indeks iznosio je 1,4 ± 1,14, a modifikovani kalkulus indeks 0,7 ± 1. U stalnoj denticiji vrednosti prosečnog plak indesa i kalkulus indeksa redom su bile 2 ± 0,4 i 1,6 ± 0,6. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u procentualnoj zastupljenosti karijesnih, ekstrahovanih i plombiranih zuba stalne denticije između dece obolele od bulozne epidermolize i kontrolne grupe, kao i za vrednosti plak i kalkulus indeksa. Najčešće promene oralne sluzokože bile su mikrostomija (76,5%) i ankiloglosija (88,2%). Zaključak. Odsustvo protokolarne saradnje između ordinirajućeg lekara i stomatologa, kao i nedovoljna informisanost roditelja, glavni su razlozi lošeg stanja oralnog zdravlja. Primena preventivnih mera je od najvećeg značaja kako bi se sprečio nastanak komplikacija koje je teško sanirati kod ove grupe bolesnika.

Background/Aim. Health education plays a very important role in maintaining health of individuals. Good oral health, as a part of general health, is largely dependent on the level of knowledge, attitudes and habits that children already have. The aim of this study is to examine the level of knowledge and habits in children regarding oral hygiene, diet and bad habits. Methods. The study included 506 school children aged 12 and 15 years in three towns (Foča, Čajniče, Kalinovik, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The survey was conducted in order to assess knowledge, attitudes and habits that children have in relation to their own oral health. Results. Most respondents stated that they began to brush their teeth at the age of 4, while a smaller number linked beginning of tooth brushing to the start of school. The parents more often help the boys during tooth brushing. A total of 54.9% of children brush their teeth after every meal, while 40.1% of them brush teeth only once during the day. Twelve year olds brush their teeth more often, especially after a meal. A total of 92.5% of children had never used fluoride tablets nor are the tablets recommended to them by anyone. More than half of the children (61.7%) visited the dentist for the first time before starting school that is on the regular examination that is performed upon enrollment to school. A pain as a reason for dental visits was present in 43.9%, while the preventive check in only 31.4% of the children. Conclusion. Children included in this study, particularly 15-year-olds, are quite well informed about teeth brushing frequency and proper selection of tools for hygiene maintenance, but this knowledge is not applied. Girls are more responsible for their own health, and come regularly to the preventive dental checkups., Uvod/Cilj. Zdravstveno vaspitanje ima izuzetno važnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja pojedinca. Dobro oralno zdravlje, kao deo opšteg zdravlja, umnogome zavisi od stepena informisanosti, stavova kao i navika koje djeca već imaju. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita stepen informisanosti i navike djece prema oralnoj higijeni, način ishrane i loše navike. Metode. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 506 školske djece uzrasta od 12 i 15 godina iz tri grada (Foéa, Čajniče, Kalinovik). Za ocjenu informisanosti, kao i stavova i navika koje djeca imaju prema sopstvenom oralnom zdravlju, sprovedena je anketa. Rezultati. Većina ispitanika je navela da je počela da pere zube sa navršene četiri godine, dok manji broj svoj početak pranja zuba vezuje za polazak u školu. Roditelji češće pomažu dječacima prilikom pranja zuba. Ukupno 54,9% djece pere zube nakon svakog jela, dok 40,1% djece samo jednom u toku dana pere zube. Dvanaestogodišnjaci češće peru zube i to nakon obroka. Ukupno 92,5% djece nije nikada upotrebljavalo fluor tablete, niti im ih je neko preporučivao. Veći broj djece (61,7%) prvi put je posjetilo stomatologa pred polazak u školu, tj. na redovnom sistematskom pregledu koji se obavlja pri upisu u školu. Bol kao razlog posjete stomatologu bila je zastupljena kod 43,9%, dok preventivna kontrola samo kod 31,4% djece. Zaključak. Djeca uključena u ovo ispitivanje, a posebno petnaestogodišnjaci, dosta su dobro informisana o redovnosti održavanja oralne higijene i pravilnom izboru pribora, ali to znanje ne primjenjuju. Djevojčice su odgovornije prema sopstvenom zdravlju jer dolaze redovnije na preventivne stomatološke preglede.