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The purpose of this research was to compare apical debris extrusion and fracture resistance of teeth prepared with OneCurve, WaveOne Gold, or ProTaper Universal. Materials and Methods: Mandibular premolars were prepared with OneCurve, WaveOne Gold, or ProTaper Universal. In the experimental model, debris was recovered by apical section of the root washing with distilled water. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed after 15 days of storage to establish the overall weight of the tubes, including the extruded debris. The dry weight of the ejected material was then computed. After root canal obturation, the apical root ends were trapped in the acrylic up to 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The fracture force was calculated and given in Newtons. A one-way ANOVA test was used to compare more than two groups, followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The significance level was set at P≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant difference in extruded debris between OneCurve, WaveOne Gold, and ProTaper Universal (P

Aim: To compare the amount of extruded debris with three endodontic NiTi engine driven systems, Protaper Next, Hyflex CM and EdgeFile X7. Material and Methods: A total number of 42 freshly extracted human premolars were selected. Teeth were divided randomly into three equal groups (14 teeth each group) according to type of Ni-Ti rotary file system; (A) Protaper Next, (B) Hyflex CM and (C) EdgeFile X7. Standard Access cavity prepared and checked for patency using K file #10 and #15. Root canal instrumentation on the single canal lower premolars was done. Debris was collected after root canal instrumentation in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed 2 times on the analytical balance. First weight: Before instrumentation. Second weight: After evaporation of moisture and irrigant and incubation. Welch test was used for comparison between the three groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the amounts of debris extrusion of the three groups Conclusion: All endodontic rotary instruments tested produced apical extrusion of debris.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris during root canal preparation with the use of different Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally 60 single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth with fully formed roots were chosen for the study. The coronal access cavity and all other preparations were done with the use of an access cavity kit and then 60 samples were randomly separated into three investigational groups (n = 20); group I: self-adjusting file, group II: WaveOne Gold, and group III: Mtwo rotary system. After instrumentation, the teeth were taken out from the tube and the root surface-adherent debris was collected by washing off the apical area of the tooth with distilled water (1 ml) into a centrifuge tube. The centrifuge tube was kept for 5 days in an incubator at 70°C to permit evaporation of the moisture prior to weighing the dry debris with the aid of an electrical analytical balance. RESULTS The highest quantity of debris extruded was by the Mtwo rotary system (0.0394 ± 0.880) followed by WaveOne Gold (0.0247 ± 1.030) and self-adjusting file (0.0198 ± 0.102). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the various file systems. CONCLUSION After considering the drawbacks of this study, apical debris extrusion could be found with all three groups. However, the self-adjusting file demonstrated a significantly reduced quantity of apical debris extrusion compared to the Mtwo rotary system and WaveOne Gold. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The chief step during the procedure of root canal treatment is the preparation of the infected root canals biomechanically. This preparation may lead to forcing the apical debris into the periapical space through the apical foramen, resulting in host-initiated immunological response which leads to postoperative discomfort and pain. This consequently leads to selection of a specific rotary system for endodontic treatment.

Background. This research aimed to investigate and compare the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation using ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and TruNatomy systems. Methods. Forty-five extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single canals with similar lengths were used. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), or TruNatomy (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) files. Apically extruded debris during preparation was gathered into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. Then the Eppendorf tubes were incubated at 70°C for five days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed again to determine their final weight plus the extruded debris. Results. The TRN system resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the PTN system (P0.05). Conclusion. All the instrumentation systems caused apical extrusion of debris. However, the TRN system resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the other systems.

This study compared the amount of apically extruded debris associated with different heat-treated Ni-Ti rotary systems during the preparation of curved root canals of mandibular molars. Sixty extracted human mandibular molars were selected. EdgeFile, K3XF, OneCurve (OC) and ROTATE files were used to prepare both mesial canals of teeth. The initial weight of each Eppendorf tube to be used was calculated using an analytical balance prior to instrumentation. After instrumentation, the tubes were then stored for 5 days in an incubator at 70 degrees C. Each tube was reweighed, and the weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. All files caused apical extrusion of debris. There was no statistical difference between the ROTATE, EdgeFile, OC and K3XF systems (P 0.05). All the heat-treated Ni-Ti rotary systems led to similar apical debris extrusion during the canal preparation.

Endodontic flare-up or post-operative pain occurs when debris such as necrotic pulp tissue, dentin chips, irrigants, and microorganisms are extruded from the apical foramen intraoperatively into the periradicular tissue during root canal instrumentation. This study compared the amount of apical debris extrusion of the root canal dentin layer after using reciprocating and rotary file systems (WaveOne, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Gold). Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors with one canal and closed apex were included in the study. Samples were randomly and equally divided into three groups (n = 20) according to the file systems used for preparation of the root canal. Teeth in the WO group were instrumented by WaveOne, while the PTN group were instrumented by ProTaper Next, and teeth samples in the PTG group were cleaned and shaped by ProTaper Gold. The mean apically extruded debris weight in grams was estimated using the modified Myers and Montgomery experimental model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for the comparison of debris weight in three groups. Post hoc LSD test was applied for pairwise comparison of debris weight. The α value of significance was 0.05. The WO group had significantly lower mean debris weight than the PTN and PTG groups (p = 0.001). Post hoc pairwise comparison revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in mean debris weight between the WO group and PTN group (0.0215 vs. 0.0341, p = 0.001); and the WO group and PTG group (0.0215 vs. 0.0324, p = 0.003). Root canal preparations with different file systems were associated with apical extrusion of the debris from the root canal dentin layer. However, the WaveOne system resulted in a comparatively lower amount of apical debris layer extrusion than the ProTaper Next and ProTaper Gold rotary file systems.

The present study aimed to compare the apically extruded debris produced during glide path preparation using R-Pilot (RP), WaveOne Gold Glider (WGG) and ProGlider (PG) with the subsequent preparation using Reciproc Blue in curved root canals. Mesial roots of mandibular molars with angle of curvature between 25° and 35° were selected (n = 20). The Myers and Montgomery method was used to collect and assess apically extruded debris. The glide path was prepared either manually with K-file, ProGlider, R-Pilot or WaveOne Gold Glider. Manual preparation group produced the highest amount of apically extruded debris (P 0.05), while all groups caused debris extrusion. There were no significant differences among the extruded debris caused by RP, PG and WGG groups (P 0.05). Apically extruded debris produced by engine-driven reciprocational or continuous rotational single file glide path instruments was similar, whereas manual glide path preparation was associated with the greatest amount of extruded debris.

Objective: The Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of instrument kinematics on the apical extrusion of debris. Materials & Methods: Fourteen single rooted mandibular premolars with single single canals were used in this study. The teeth were divided into to two groups: Group 1: WaveOne Group (Reciprocation Group) and Group 2: OneCurve group (Continuous Rotation Group). The teeth were then accessed and the buccal cusp was reduced so that the external tooth length of all the teeth was 18 mm. The teeth were secured using composite resin in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes and instrumentation of the canals using the different instruments was done. The teeth were then removed from the tubes and the tubes were incubated for 15 days and then weighed to evaluate the amount of extruded debris. Results: No significant difference in the amount apical extruded debris was found between the WaveOne Gold and the OneCurve instrument. Conclusions: The kinematics of the instruments used in this study did not affect the amount of extruded debris.

Purpose: present study designed to evaluate the influence of coronal preflaring on the amount of debris extruded apically during preparation of the root canal using reciprocating systems,Reciproc and WaveOne Gold.Materials and Methods:Sixty mandibular first molars with canal curvature between 25°-35° used and divided into 2 groups(Ι and ΙΙ) according to the method of preparation of the root (30 samples each); Group I: were prepared with coronal preflaring , Group II: were prepared without coronal preflaring. The groups further subdivided into 2 subgroups (A, B) according to the reciprocating file system used (15 samples each); Subgroup A: instrumented using Reciproc , Subgroup B: instrumented by WaveOne Gold .samples mounted in a model used to measure the amount of debris extruded apically.Results: In Reciproc subgroup, no statistical difference in samples prepared with and without coronal preflaring in the median of debris extruded apically (P>0.05). WaveOne Gold subgroup, samples prepared with coronal preflaring showed lower value of apically extruded debris than samples prepared without coronal preflaring. However,there was no statistical difference between the samples in the median of debris extruded apically (P > 0.05).In group I and II: (with and without coronal preflaring respectively), no statistically significant difference between Reciproc and WaveOne Gold in the median of debris extruded apically (P> 0.05). Conclusions:Reciproc and WaveOne Gold presented similar behavior regarding the amount of debris extruded apically during preparation .Coronal preflaring has no effect on the amount of debris extruded apically during preparation using reciprocating single-file systems,Reciproc and Wave One Gold.

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the apical extrusion during endodontic retreatment using three different endodontic systems. Material and Methods: 120 extracted human teeth were ex vivo endodontically treated and retreatment was performed using three different endodontic systems. Samples were divided into 3 groups, A-retreatment with Hedstroem hand files, B-retreatment with Pro Taper Retreatment files and C-retreatment with Pro Taper Gold files. Apically extruded material was collected in pre-measured Eppendorfs on a laboratory scale (10-5g). The amount of the extruded material was measured after the retreatment. The data were analysed using the the statistical software: STATISTICA 7.1 and SPSS for Windows 20. Results: The statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between the three endodontic retreatment systems (P< 0.05). Apical extrusion in the A endodontic system is significantly greater than the rotary (B and C) endodontic systems. Conclusions: In ex vivo conditions the results of this study showed significant statistical difference between three investigated endodontic retreatment systems concerning the amount of apically exuded material. The largest amount of material suppressed periapically was proven for Hedstroem hand instruments.

Aim: The aim is to compare the apical extrusion of debris during endodontic instrumentation with continuous rotation and reciprocating motion. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly assigned to four groups of 15 teeth each. The canals were then instrumented with the following instrument systems: ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), 2Shape (TS; MicroMega, Besancon, France), Reciproc Blue (RB; VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre-instrumentation weight from postinstrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Post hoc tests. Results: Among the instruments tested in the present study, the least amount of extrusion of debris was seen with TS rotary file system (Group IA) followed by RB (Group IIA) and WOG (Group IIB) (P < 0.05), the results, however, were not found to be statistically significant between them. The maximum amount of debris extrusion was observed with PTN (Group IB) with a statistically significant difference when compared to TS, RB, and WOG file system (P > 0.05). Conclusion: All instruments were associated with apical extrusion of debris with TS rotary file system associated minimum extrusion and PTN, resulting in maximum extrusion of debris.

Introduction:The extrusion of apical detritus during the retracting procedure is very important, as, besides eliminating materials of radicular obturation, aggressive agents and products such as the remains of dentin taken out, and microorganisms are generally located in tissue around the roots, producing undesired effects, such as inflammation, acute pain, post-operatory pain and delays in the periapical treatment.Objective:To determine the amount of apically extruded detritus using rotary and reciprocating retreatment systems.Methodology:An experimental comparative study as conducted in which 40 single-rooted human first premolars were analyzed. The instruments used were ProTaper Universal files up to F3 and sodium hypochlorite, and the sealing was made through the hybrid technique Tager. They were then kept at 37ºC and 100% of humidity for 15 days so that the sealing material would seal. For the retracting procedure, experimental tubes previously weighted were used. The sample was divided randomly into two groups of 20 pieces. Group A: ProTaper R, and group B: Reciproc. Then, the irrigating material (distilled water) was evaporated from the tubes for 12 hours in a stove at 105ºC, and the experimental tubes were weighted in an analytical precision weighing scale 10-5g. The data was analyzed through the T Student with a significance level of 5%.Results:Results indicated that groups A and B, retreatment with rotational ProTaper R and reciprocating retreatment system (Reciproc) showed a similar difference of initial and final weights, indicating similar apical extrusion of detritus.Conclusion:Both systems extruded a similar amount of detritus during the retreatment procedures.

Background and Objectives: Postoperative pain is a common symptom of a flare-up after root canal treatments (RCTs). Insufficient instrumentation, extrusion of irrigation solutions and debris, and the existence of a periapical lesion are the factors affecting postoperative pain after root canal treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative pain and instrumentation time of the single-file reciprocating system and multiple-file Ni-Ti rotary system in children ages 9-12 years old. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted on 51 permanent mandibular molars with the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, and RCTs were completed with either the Reciproc Blue or Protaper NEXT file systems. Instrumentation time for each system was noted, and patients were given a pain scale that included a visual analog scale for 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Postoperative pain scores and instrumentation times were analyzed statistically with a chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain between the Reciproc Blue and Protaper NEXT systems at all time intervals. Instrumentation time was significantly shorter in the Reciproc Blue group in comparison with the Protaper NEXT group. Conclusions: Postoperative pain findings following RCT using single-file reciprocating systems were similar to the rotary system group. However, chair time in the reciprocating system group was significantly lower. This provided a comfortable and patient-friendly treatment approach for children, and could enhance their cooperation., Ege University Research Project Fund [16-DIS-013], FundingThis research project was funded by the Ege University Research Project Fund (16-DIS-013).

(1) Background: Apical extrusion of debris is an example of a complication that may arise during root canal treatment, and it has been proven to be an unavoidable occurrence during endodontic treatment by numerous authors. Even though it may not hinder the long-term outcome of treatment, it may lead directly to increased levels of postoperative pain and, therefore, lower levels of patient acceptance and satisfaction. The aim of the study was to assess the weight of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation with instruments that use different movement kinematics (rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive motion), (2) Methods: The study was performed using the Myers and Montgomery model. Sixty human premolar teeth were inserted into preweighed Eppendorf tubes and randomly classified into three groups. After manual glide-path preparation, teeth in each group were instrumented to working length set 1 mm short of the anatomical apex using the standard sequence provided by the manufacturers (for Group 1: ProTaper Next X1 &amp, X2, for Group 2: WaveOne Gold Primary, for Group 3: Twisted Files SM1-SM3). Root canals were irrigated with 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution between each file insertion. The tubes with collected debris were stored in an incubator at 70 °C for 5 days in order to evaporate the liquid component. Measurement of the weight of extruded debris was performed by subtracting the preinstrumentation from the postinstrumentation weight of the tubes. The results were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, with significance level set at 0.05, (3) Results: The weight of extruded debris was 0.337 mg (SD = 0.148) for Group 1, 0.305 mg (SD = 0.201) for Group 2, and 0.348 mg (SD = 0.135) for Group 3. (4) Conclusions: Engine-driven root canal preparation with the use of instruments ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold and Twisted Files that use different movement kinematics (rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive motion) was associated with apical extrusion of debris to a similar extent.

Aim: To evaluate the apical extrusion of debris in flat-oval canals, using three reciprocating systems at two different working lengths (WL), 0 mm and 1 mm from the apical foramen. Methods: Ninety mandibular incisors were randomly divided into three groups based on the systems: WaveOne Gold #25.07 (WOG), ProDesign R #25.06 (PDR), and X1 Blue #25.06 (X1B). Extruded debris were collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Three consecutive weighings were performed for each tube, and the mean was calculated. If the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were not met, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the amount of extruded debris between groups with the same WL, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison within groups for each WL. Results: All groups had extruded debris, with higher median values occurring at 1 mm. No significant difference regarding the amount of debris extrusion was observed at 0 mm (p>0.05) and 1 mm (p>0.05) between groups. However, within the groups, at different WL, there was greater extrusion at 1 mm (p

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different instrument systems on the amount of extruded debris. Materials and methods: A total of 30 extracted mandibular molars with two separate canals and apical foramina in the mesial roots were selected. The root canals (n=10) were randomly assigned to the six groups of file systems as follows: ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), One Shape (OS), Reciproc (R) and Reciproc Blue (RB). The extruded debris during the instrumentation was collected into Eppendorf tubes, which were weighed and then stored in an incubator at 70°C over a period of five days to evaporate the irrigant. After the incubation process, the Eppendorf tubes were weighed again. The difference between these two measurements, the first one before and the second one after the incubation process, was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed, and the significance level was set at p

Chemomechanical root canal preparation (CMRCP) is an important step in root canal treatment. However, one of its negative consequences is apical extrusion of debris of the root canal system contributing to treatment failure and flare-ups. Glide path preparation (GPP) is the initial phase of CMRCP and is crucial for assessing root canal anatomy and establishing unobstructed access to the apical part of the canal. Materials and methods: Forty human mandibular permanent central and lateral incisors were selected; the debris collection apparatus was prepared and the teeth were then divided into four groups: Group 1: Rotary glide path preparation with ProGlider followed by instrumentation with Wave One files. Group 2: Rotary glide path preparation with ProGlider followed by instrumentation with One Shape files. Group 3: Hand glide path preparation with K-file followed by instrumentation with Wave One files. Group 4: Hand glide path preparation with K-file followed by instrumentation with One Shape files. The collected debris was weighed in an analytical digital balance and the collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: No significant difference was present between groups with the same method of glide path preparation or between Wave One and One Shape files. Rotary glide path preparation produced less debris than hand preparation (p≤0.05). Conclusions: Extrusion of debris was observed in all test groups. Rotary glide path preparation could be preferred in clinical practice as it is associated with less debris extrusion than the manual method.

Aim To evaluate the effect of instrumentation kinematics on debris extrusion by comparing the amount of apically extruded debris after canal preparation using ProTaper next in continuous rotation as well as forward reciprocating motion and WaveOne gold in reverse reciprocating motion. Materials and methods We randomly divided ninety buccal roots of maxillary bicuspids with fully formed apices into three groups. After achieving the coronal access, the patency of the root canals was established with a size 10 K file. The canals were then instrumented using ProTaper next in continuous rotation or in a forward reciprocating motion and WaveOne gold in reverse reciprocating motion. Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the debris extruded through the apical foramen. The tubes were placed in a -80° freezer for 8 hours and then in a lyophilizer for 24 hours. The quantity of the apically extruded debris was assessed by subtracting the weights of Eppendorf tubes before and after instrumentation. The analysis was done using a one-way ANOVA test and the Bonferroni test to compare the groups. Results The mean weight of extruded debris with WaveOne gold in reverse reciprocation was significantly lower than ProTaper next in forward reciprocation and ProTaper next in continuous rotation (p value = Conclusion WaveOne gold in reverse reciprocation was associated with a significantly lower amount of apical extrusion of debris than ProTaper next rotary files in forward reciprocation and continuous rotation. Clinical significance According to the results of this study, reciprocating instrumentation technique was associated with a less amount of debris extrusion compared to continuous rotation.

Background: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the chemomechanical preparation of the tooth. However, the debris produced during canal preparation may extrude through the apical foramen causing postoperative complications. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation in primary anterior teeth using hand files, rotary ProTaper files, and rotary Kedo-S files. Materials and Methods: Forty-five freshly extracted primary canine with mature apices and a single canal were randomly divided into three groups for instrumentation as follows (n = 15): Group 1: hand files; Group 2: rotary ProTaper files; and Group 3: rotary Kedo-S files. Myers and Montgomery experimental model was used for this study. Apically extruded debris collected in a preweighed Eppendorf tubes was placed in the incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the debris collected was determined by subtracting the pre- and post-instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes. The data collected were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Results: Hand files produced more apical debris extrusion than ProTaper and Kedo-S files (P < 0.05) while Kedo-S produced the least (P < 0.05). Conclusion: All instrumentation systems cause apical debris extrusion. Kedo-S produced less apical debris extrusion when compared to the hand files and ProTaper files.

Aim: This study evaluated the amount of extruded debris after canal preparation using three root canal irrigating substances. Methodology: Thirty human extracted single-rooted lower premolars were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the chemical substance used for irrigation. G1: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; G2: 2% chlorhexidine gel; and G3: 0.9% saline solution. The canals were instrumented using Reciproc Blue file (VDW, Munich, Germany). Apically extruded debris was collected into a pre-weighed Eppendorf tube filled with agar gel. Extruded debris were calculated by subtracting the tooth-free apparatus weight from the post preparation weight value. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA test at a 5% significance level. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted between the groups. However, G3 had the largest extrusion weight, and G2 produced less debris when compared to the other groups (p > .05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, our data suggest that all chemical substances tested caused debris extrusion, although no statistically significant differences were found between the three substances. Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó la cantidad de detritos extruidos después de la preparación del conducto utilizando tres sustancias de irrigación del conducto radicular. Metodología: Treinta premolares radiculares inferiores humanos extraídos se dividieron aleatoriamente en 3 grupos (n = 10) según el químico utilizado para la irrigación. G1- hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5%; G2 - gel de clorhexidina al 2%; y G3- solución salina al 0,9%. Los canales se equiparon con un archivo Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Alemania). Los desechos extruidos apicalmente se recogieron en un tubo eppendorf pesado previamente lleno de gel de agar. La cantidad de residuos e irrigantes extruidos se calculó restando el valor del peso del aparato sin la presencia del diente, del valor del peso posterior a la preparación. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba ANOVA con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos. Sin embargo, G3 tuvo el mayor peso de extrusión y G2 produjo la menor cantidad de desechos en comparación con los otros grupos (p> 0.05). Conclusión: dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio in vitro, nuestros datos sugieren que todos los productos químicos probados causaron la extrusión de escombros, aunque no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las tres sustancias. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a quantidade de resíduos extruídos após o preparo do canal usando três substâncias irrigantes do canal radicular. Metodologia: Trinta pré-molares unirradiculares inferiores humanos extraídos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n = 10) de acordo com a substância química usada para irrigação. G: hipoclorito de sódio 2,5%; G2: gel de clorexidina 2%; e G3: solução salina a 0,9%. Os canais foram instrumentados com lima Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munique, Alemanha). Os detritos estruídos apicalmente foram coletados em um tubo eppendorf pré-pesado preenchido com gel de ágar. A quantidade de resíduos e irrigantes estruídos foi calculada subtraindo o valor do peso antes e após o preparo do canal radicular. Os dados foram analisados ​​pelo teste ANOVA com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. Porém, o G3 apresentou o maior peso, e o G2 produziu menor quantidade de resíduo quando comparado aos demais grupos (p> 0,05). Conclusão: Dentro das limitações deste estudo in vitro, nossos dados sugerem que todas as substâncias químicas testadas causaram extrusão de detritos, embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as três substâncias.

Aim: To compare the amount of apically extruded debris using Reciproc (R25) file with different reciprocal angles. Methodology: In this research, 60 extracted mandibular premolars with a single root, a single canal, and a single apical foramen were used. Specimens, the working length of which was determined by a stainless steel 10-K file, were randomly distributed into three experimental groups (n = 20) as follows: Group 1 150° counterclockwise (CCW)-30° clockwise (CW); Group 2 180° CCW-60° CW; and Group 3 210° CCW-90° CW. For the irrigation, 10 mL of distilled water was administered via syringe pump. The extruded debris was collected into Eppendorf tubes tared in advance. The distribution of data was analyzed using a Shapiro-Wilk test. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for statistical analysis. The null hypothesis is no significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of apical extrusion of debris. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to amount of apical extrusion of debris (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the highest average amount of extrusion of debris was detected in group 1, and the lowest in group 3. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, different reciprocal angles during chemomechanical preparation has no significant effect on the amount of apical extrusion of debris. How to cite this article: Çelik N, Kaya S, Adıgüzel Ö. Comparing the effect of Reciproc R25 rotary file system on the amount of apical extrusion of debris via using it with different reciprocal angles. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):63-6. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.10 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı; Reciproc Blue, ProTaper Next ve ProTaper Universal eğe sistemlerini kullanarak, apikalden taşan debris miktarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 60 adet alt premolar diş; Reciproc Blue (R40; VDW, Munich, Germany), ProTaper Next (X4; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) ve ProTaper Universal (F4; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) NikelTitanyum (Ni-Ti) eğe sistemleri ile şekillendirilmek üzere üç ayrı deney grubuna ayrıldı (n=20). Şekillendirme işlemlerinde ve son irrigasyonunda enjektör pompası kullanılarak toplam 10 ml distile su ile irrigasyon yapıldı. Bürklein ve arkadaşlarının kullandığı düzenek oluşturularak apikalden taşan debris, ağırlıkları önceden elektronik tartıyla belirlenen eppendorf tüpleri içerisinde biriktirildi. Sonrasında net debris ölçümü için eppendorf tüpleri 70°C ve 5 gün boyunca etüvde bekletildi. Apikalden taşan debris miktarı, debris içeren eppendorf tüplerin ağırlığından boş eppendorf tüplerin ağırlığı çıkarılarak hesaplandı. Bulgular: Gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar incelenirken, ikili gruplarda Mann Whitney U, ikiden fazla gruplarda Kruskal Wallis-H testlerinden yararlanıldı. Kruskal Wallis-H testinde anlamlı farklılıkların görülmesi durumunda Post-Hoc çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile aralarında farklılık olan gruplar belirlendi. Sonuçlar p, Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compared Reciproc Blue, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal rotary file systems for the amount of apically extruded debris. Methods: In our study 60 lower premolar teeth were divided into three experimental groups in order to shaping with Reciproc Blue (R40; VDW, Munich, Germany), ProTaper Next (X4; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Universal (F4; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (n=20). Irrigation was performed with a total of 10 ml of distilled water using the syringe pump during the instrumentation and final irrigation. The experimental model described by Bürklein et al. was used and the extruded debris was collected in preweighed with electronic balance eppendorf tubes. After that the eppendorf tubes were stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days for net debris measurement. The weight extruded debris for all groups were determined by subtracting the empty tubes weight from the filled tubes weight. Results: When examining the differences between groups, Mann Whitney U test in dual group comparisons, Kruskal WallisH tests were used in more than two groups. In the case of significant differences in the Kruskal Wallis-H test, Post-Hoc multiple comparison test was used to determine the difference between groups. Results, the significance were accepted at the level of p

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigants produced by TruNatomy and ProTaper Gold in mandibular incisor root canals. Methodology: Forty mandibular incisors were instrumented using TruNatomy (Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary systems. Apically extruded debris and irrigants during instrumentation were collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes and were assessed with an electronic scale. All the procedures were performed in a 35 degrees C hot water bath. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney U test at a 5% significance level. Results: Both NiTi file systems investigated extruded debris from the apical foramen. According to the data, the TruNatomy group extruded significantly less debris and irrigant from the apical foramen than the ProTaper Gold group (p

This study aimed to assess the apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation of primary canines using three endodontic file types. Forty-five extracted primary canines were randomly assigned to three instrumentation groups (n = 15): Hand K-files; and the motorized Kedo-S files and XP-endo Shaper files. The apically extruded debris produced during the procedure was collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes, and the mass of debris was calculated. The time required for the endodontic procedure was also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test were used with a significance level set at 5%. XP-endo Shaper and Kedo-S files extruded significantly less debris compared with hand K-files with means of 0.84 ± 0.31 and 1.20 ± 0.67 mg respectively, compared to 2.13 ± 0.31 mg (p p p

The present study investigated the intracanal decontamination and apical extrusion of bacteria and debris from root canals instrumented with rotary and reciprocating systems (ProDesign Logic or ProDesign R), with different file diameters and using conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Eighty extracted mandibular premolars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly assigned to eight experimental groups according to the root canal instrumentation and irrigation technique employed (n = 10): G1: Prodesign Logic 25.06; G2: Prodesign R 25.06; G3 and G4 were instrumented with the same single-file systems, respectively, using 35.05 diameters and CSI. G5, G6, G7, and G8 were instrumented like the previous groups, but with PUI. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed microtubes. The weight of the empty microtube was subtracted from the final weight to establish the amount of extruded debris. Bacteria from root canals and extruded debris were collected for a microbiological evaluation of colony forming units (CFU/mL). For statistical analyses, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn's tests were used (α = 0.05). All instruments caused extrusion of debris. For irrigation techniques, PUI promoted greater debris and bacterial extrusion (p < 0.05). The CFU/mL count indicated that the instrumentation of the experimental groups were equally effective in the decontamination of the root canal (p > 0.05). The systems tested (regarding file diameter and kinematics) were associated with similar amounts of apically extruded debris and root canal decontamination. PUI was associated with greater debris and bacterial extrusion.

Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traditional and contracted endodontic cavity (TEC and CEC) preparation with the use of Reciproc Blue (RPC B) and One Curve (OC) single-file systems on the amount of apical debris extrusion in mandibular first molar root canals. Materials and Methods Eighty extracted mandibular first molar teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20) according to the endodontic access cavity shape and the single file system used for root canal preparation (reciprocating motion with the RCP B and rotary motion with the OC): TEC-RPC B, TEC-OC, CEC-RPC B, and CEC-OC. The apically extruded debris during preparation was collected in Eppendorf tubes. The amount of extruded debris was quantified by subtracting the weight of the empty tubes from the weight of the Eppendorf tubes containing the debris. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The CEC-RPC B group showed more apical debris extrusion than the TEC-OC and CEC-OC groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of apical debris extrusion among the TEC-OC, CEC-OC, and TEC-RPC B groups. Conclusions RPC B caused more apical debris extrusion in the CEC groups than did the OC single-file system. Therefore, it is suggested that the RPC B file should be used carefully in teeth with a CEC.