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The importance of the buried pipelines lies in two main topics: the first is related to the very long length of these pipes, and therefore protecting them is expensive. The second topic is related to environmental pollution due to leaching, which is considered one of the main pollutants of groundwater. The research reviews the effects of geosynthetic reinforcement and its effect on buried pipelines subjected to different loading conditions to reduce the stresses on them and thus prevent leakage. The loads covered in this literature are the following: static load, dynamic load, permanent ground deformation, accidental damage, uplift pressure, explosion, lateral loading, and abrasive shear loading. The research focused on the use of synthetic ground reinforcements to protect these pipes. Available experimental and numerical investigations indicate the potential of using geosynthetics to reduce the effects of external loads on buried pipelines. The investigated studies proved that the protection of buried pipes with different types of geosynthetics is a successful method and decreased the stresses transformed to buried pipes. Most of the studies (45%) dealt with buried pipes subjected to static loading. The conventional geosynthetic material used in the protection of buried pipes is geogrid (38%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and population growth have made using shallow buried pipes in urban areas, highways, and subways inevitable. In this study, the performance and behavior of shallow unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes buried in sand reinforced with PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles produced by the end consumer filled with soil under static loads were investigated. The bottle reinforcement mattress filled with soil was vertically installed above the buried uPVC pipe inside the soil bed at the required depth; after that, backfilling was performed. The effects of the relative density of soil, placement depth, and the width of the soil-filled bottle-reinforced block were examined. The increase in relative density has shown a noticeable decrease in footing surface settlement and load transferred to the buried pipe. The test results have shown significant improvement in the ultimate bearing capacity of bottle-reinforced soil with a reduction in surface settlement. The backfill reinforced with soil-filled bottle block has shown a 71% improvement in ultimate bearing capacity. Additionally, the improvement in bearing capacity increases as the placement depth decreases and width increases. The optimum depth of placement and width of the bottle-reinforced mattress were 0.50 and 2.08 B. The proposed soil reinforcement method may be a good and relatively inexpensive alternative to traditional geosynthetic reinforcement while providing geotechnical and environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]