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Infolge der Neuen Leipzig Charta 2020 und des allgemeinen Wandels hin zur Dienstleistungsgesellschaft gewinnt die kleingewerbliche Wirtschaftsstruktur in Städten wieder deutlich an Relevanz. Unter dem Konzept der "Produktiven Stadt" soll das Kleingewerbe in die bestehenden verschiedenen Quartiere einer Stadt stärker integriert werden. Um das Konzept der Produktiven Stadt in die Praxis umzusetzen, bedarf es zunächst einer Typologie mit quantitativen Faktoren, die zum Ziel hat, Stadtentwicklungsprojekte der Produktiven Stadt zuzuordnen. As a result of the New Leipzig Charter 2020 and the general shift towards a service society, the small business economic structure in cities is once again becoming signifi cantly more relevant. Under the concept of the "Productive City", small businesses are to be integrated more strongly into the existing various neighborhoods of a city. In order to implement the concept of the Productive City in practice, a typology with quantitative factors is needed to assign completed, ongoing and future urban development projects to the Productive City

This paper analyzes the role of regional demographic, socioeconomic and political factors on changes in mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides new empirical evidence for the regional differentiation of lockdown measures and indicates a possible reorganization of spatial economic and social activities beyond the course of the pandemic. Spatial econometric models are analyzed using data from the 401 counties in Germany. Our results show that, for example, current high caseloads are negatively related to changes in mobility, whereas a region's socioeconomic composition and rural location have a positive effect. The political and economic implications of the findings are discussed.

The ongoing structural change towards the service and knowledge societies, innovations, and the increasing integration of markets will have considerable influence on the European Union, particularly on the Eastern members of EU. In March 2010, the European Commission released the Europe-2020 strategy, which shall push the EU to be the smartest and most competitive region in the world. Among the European Union members, the Baltic Sea countries are effective in bringing up innovative cluster solutions, cooperation between science and business. Innovations are crucial for further economic development and prosperity. However, the innovation headline indicators are ambitiously defined targets of the Europe-2020 strategy. The paper at hand analyses and highlights the innovation and creative capability within the Europe 2020 strategy framework.