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In this modern era, the detection of plant disease plays a vital role in the sustainability of agricultural ecosystem. Today, India being second in farming, well-timed information related to crop is still questioning. Indian Government's farmer portal is available for pesticides, fertilisers, and farm machinery. To alleviate this problem, the paper describes a model to validate the leaf image, predicting leaf disease and notifying the farmer in an effective way on the harvest failure to stabilise farming income. For specific consideration on the validation, a data set library with predefined, uniformly scaled, regular image patterns of leaf disease, is maintained. The research suggests that farmers utilising the model can predict the breakout of leaf disease predominantly acquiring 100% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is the fourth biggest electricity consumer on the planet after the United States, China and Russia. India's energy strategy concentrates on securing energy sources to address the issue of its developing economy. Service of New and Renewable energy has started an activity to track the advancing Tidal power administrative structure and build up an archive of data in a combined way. The reason for this paper is to show a refreshed diagram and status of tidal energy framework in India, notwithstanding assess the development space of individual sustainable power sources in the post-Statute time by considering the innovation advancement, local conditions and indigenous enterprises identified by the tidal energy framework. This paper includes a potential location for tidal energy generation in India as well as current scenario, grid parity and government support towards tidal energy in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the District library, Lakhimpur, Assam, India, which is an endeavor to highlight the reading habits of users in Pre & Post lockdown period (pre lockdown period refer as April 2019 to 24th March 2020 and post Lockdown as after 30th June 2020 to 20th March 2021) of Lakhimpur District Library (LDL). The aim of the present study is also to find out the time used by the users of the Lakhimpur district library in different age groups. The finding of the study also reveals that there is scope for development of LDL to bring more users. The study highlights the pre & post lockdown period scenario of the library where 150 Nos. of users were surveyed with structured questionnaire as a tool for data collection and collected data has been analyzed and presented in the tables and based on the available data on the Library suggestions have been given to improve the functions of the Library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Aadhaar is a unique number issued to every citizen in India. Aadhar's current identity authentication relies on the central identities data repository (CDIR) of the unique identification authority of India (UIDAI), which is at risk of a single-point fault attack. Perhaps worse, internal attacks can tamper with the sensitive data of authenticated devices without being detected. In this paper, the proposed system utilizes emerging technology: blockchain for solving the issue of centralized authentication. The proposed system provides a distributed, secure, and tamper-proof ledger platform for Aadhar in that Aadhar is implemented using blockchain ethereum technology. The proposed system considers the unique Aadhar identification (ID) for each citizen of India and registered it on the smart contract of ethereum so that this unique ID may be authenticated by each other in a peer-to-peer network without a central authority. For securing the data, the proposed framework uses hashing technique for significant data (i.e. firmware). Blockchain stores hashed data and instantly any change in the state of the data may be possible to detect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to ascertain the veracity of reported data on deaths and testing pertaining to the novel coronavirus in India. We use a widely used forensic audit technique called Benford's law to analyze the data, and our findings suggest anomalies in the reported numbers and the reported data for most of the states do not adhere to the Benford distribution. The implications of these findings are manifold, especially on the trajectory of policy‐making, vaccination strategy, and preparedness for future waves and new variants. We strongly argue for the need for a robust data collection and reporting mechanism, creating a central data repository, and instituting a data‐driven policy framework as key steps in the process management bulwark for managing such future pandemics and other events concerning public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid deployment of information and communications technology (ICT) across the globe has led to a network of high-density computer data centers to store, process and transmit information. These large-scale technology warehouses consume vast amounts of energy for running the compute infrastructure and auxiliary cooling resources. Recent literature [7] has suggested the possibility of globally staggering compute workloads to take advantage of local climatic conditions as a means to reducing cooling energy costs. This paper further explores this premise by performing an in-depth analysis of the environmental and economic burden of managing the thermal infrastructure of a globally connected data center network. The paper examines a case study where the potential energy savings achievable by staggering workloads across arbitrarily chosen data centers in the U.S., India, and Russia are examined. The results show that the environmental benefit of such off-shoring is mostly dependent on the fuel mix of the grid to which the workload is transferred and the energy consumption in each location. Further, we show that dynamic optimization of the thermal workloads based on local weather patterns can reduce the environmental burden by up to 30%. The paper concludes with a detailed economic assessment. For the case study in this paper, we find that such global workload staggering can potentially reduce operational costs by nearly 35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) are gaining momentum in clinical research as these studies can be executed remotely through telemedicine and mobile/local health-care providers. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated advances and adoption in this area. In the past few years, there has been significant development and growth in the use of remote data that are electronically transmitted from a clinical trial (CT) participant, from outside the clinical setting, to a data repository. Such data may include laboratory data, safety data, or outcome measures reported by the participant, the clinician or the observer. Similarly, wearable health monitoring devices are being increasingly used in health-care and CT settings. Digital biomarkers, which can support continuous measurement of physiologic parameters outside the physical confines of the clinical environment, are also creating new and improved opportunities for patient care and biomedical research, enabling remote monitoring and DCTs. There are several benefits to using remote data capture, wearables, and digital biomarkers in clinical health-care research; however, several questions and challenges still need to be addressed. In an effort to understand the adoption of these technologies in DCTs, and the challenges therein, the authors of this workstream conducted an online survey of clinical research stakeholders across India and reviewed 80 responses. The review article summarizes the key findings from this online survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models are common techniques that are widely used in analysing and forecasting stationary and seasonal time series data. The three essential steps involved to construct ARIMA are identification, estimation, and checking the validity of the model. The most critical step followed in constructing the ARIMA model is model identification. However, overcoming the difficult local optima problem for both ARIMA and SARIMA is still challenging as there is no appropriate method to solve it. In this paper, the proposed parallel GA-SARIMA model is used to solve the problem of local optima, where the genetic algorithm (GA) is used at the initial stage to identify the order and estimation of the parameters for SARIMA. The National Climate Data Centre (NCDC) time series dataset is used for testing the efficiency of the final parallel GA-SARIMA model to forecast the mean temperature of India from 2000 to 2017. The GA algorithm is successfully implemented to solve the optimization problems by introducing better solutions suitable for SARIMA models. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the combined approach of parallel GA and SARIMA enhances the prediction accuracy of the model. The parallel GA-SARIMA method is particularly robust, faster and performs better than sequential SARIMA models in terms of running time and cost function values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparable corpora are the right resources for extracting parallel data due to their abundant availability. It is of great importance where parallel data are scarce. In this study, the focus is placed on building of parallel data for Punjabi and English language pair. The raw data were collected from web contents of "Mann Ki Baat", which is a collection of textual speeches of Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi broadcasted every last Sunday of the month. Data were cleaned and pre-processed using a natural language toolkit. An alignment model using BERT was built that aligned two textual files on a sentence level. Furthermore, extraction of noun forms with the help of NLTK library in Python programming was performed. The noun aligned dataset was built for English-Punjabi language pair and made available at Mendeley data repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the third in the series of papers published on near-infrared (NIR) stellar spectral library by Ranade et al. (2004 & 2007). The observations were carried out with 1.2 meter Gurushikhar Infrared Telescope (GIRT), at Mt. Abu, India using a NICMOS3 HgCdTe 256 x 256 NIR array based spectrometer. In paper I (Ranade et al. 2004), H-band spectra of 135 stars at a resolution of ~-16 Å & paper II (Ranade et al. 2007), K band spectra of 114 stars at a resolution of ~ 22 Å were presented. The J-band library being released now consists of 126 stars covering spectral types 05-M8 and luminosity classes I-V. The spectra have a moderate resolution of 12.5 Å in the J band and have been continuum shape corrected to their respective effective temperatures. The complete set of library in near-infrared (NIR) will serve ~ a good database for researchers working in the field of stellar population synthesis. The complete library in J, H & K is available online at: http://vo.iucaa.ernet.in/~voi/NIR-Header.html [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storm surge simulation models require certain parameters for evaluating the worst possible event that could occur at a site with respect to a certain return period. The most significant probable maximum tropical cyclone parameters are pressure deficiency at the centre (ΔP) and maximum wind speed (Vmax) during the cyclone. In this study, the probable maximum tropical cyclone parameters that would yield the maximum probable storm surge along the Indian coasts of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal are estimated. Datasets are created based on various existing data archives for each basin. The datasets are subjected to extreme value analysis for determining the ΔP and Vmax parameters. The data are fitted to various probability distributions (Gumbel, Fréchet, Weibull and Log-normal) whose parameters (scale, shape, and location parameters) are estimated using graphical (least square fit) and numerical (order statistics approach) methods. A mean recurrence interval of 1000 and 10,000 years is considered for strategic structures. The best fit distribution and its parameters are obtained based on goodness of fit criteria. The resulting ΔP and Vmax are compared with theoretical maximum cyclone parameter values of each basin and revised till an optimal set of values are reached. The analysis shows that ΔP and Vmax values for Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal are best represented by Weibull distribution. The estimated parameters are useful input to a storm surge model to determine the design basis flood level for the strategic coastal sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcoholism is a health defect that knows no borders, affecting people of all ages, genders, races, body types, and religious beliefs. Numerous research studies have been conducted since alcoholism was formalized as a dangerous addiction to investigate its origins and risk factors. While there is no one-size-fits-all formula for categorizing a person's alcohol intake, research has revealed that several factors influence alcohol misuse, particularly among youth worldwide, considered to be the most vulnerable victims of alcohol abuse. Alcoholism can strike suddenly and brutally or take time to develop. With the growing consciousness of the severe ill effects of regular alcoholism, various treatment alternatives are ready to support anyone bringing their life back in order, irrespective of how or when the problem with alcohol began. This study presents the current alcohol consumption status among the youth of pan India as an indicator and motivator for influencing alcohol abuse among youth. Material and methods: The study's goal is to present valid data to signify the severity of India's alcohol addiction among the youth. Data collection is done through official/authentic data repositories available for public use, news articles and contemporary research articles. Conclusions: The research indicates immediate enforcement of India's law to eliminate adolescent/youth alcohol addiction. It emphasizes creating sufficient awareness of the evil effects of alcoholism and the damage to life that it causes among the pan-Indian youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare diseases (RD) are conditions that affect a small number of people and hence do not get the focus on government health priorities in a resource-constrained setting such as India. Therefore, it is essential to focus on strengthening and utilizing the existing public health framework for the optimal usage of healthcare resources. In this regard, National Health Mission (NHM) is one of the crucial programs initiated by the government of India to address the health needs of the under-served. As Phase 1 of the NHM moves towards completion, we explored the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health (RMNCH + A) program under NHM to assess their potential and limitations to aid RD care. We found that some of the disease-prevention initiatives of NHM address certain RDs and can easily be expanded to manage many such preventable RDs. In addition, NHM programs can provide a unique epidemiological data repository to strengthen the National Rare Disease Registry. These programs can also play important role in providing a continuum of care for many RDs that need lifelong management. However, existing programs have a limited scope to provide specialized RD-related treatments, which is better served in a more focused system. Thus, considering RDs in the design of the existing programs may help RD management better through prevention, data collection, and providing a continuum of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In southern India, forming the Deccan Shiite governments (1098-895 AH / 1687-1489 AD), which was simultaneous with the Safavid reign in Iran, resulted in incremental Iranians’ immigration to this region. Among immigrants, Iranian Shiite physicians, due to their high medical knowledge and considerable skill, along with the support of the Shiite rulers, enhanced their status and settled in areas under the control of those governments, contributing to the festive medical production and developments there. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of the Iranian Shiite physicians, who migrated to the Deccan region, on the Shiite governments' medical advancements. The research hypothesis is that the Iranian physicians developed medicine by establishing Dar al-Shifa (medical schools and hospitals) and teaching and authoring medical books in Persian. Moreover, upon the invitation and support of the Adil Shahi, Nizam Shahi, and Qutb Shahi Shiite rulers, they were appointed as special physicians in the court, resulting in the flourishing and advancement of medical sciences in those areas. The research employed a descriptive-analytical research method and collected data by library resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the university libraries in North East India regarding their initiatives towards open access movement and conceptualize a model for Open Access Initiatives (OAI). Approach, Design and Methodology: Surveyed and identified all the universities in the eight states of North East India. Covered 11 central, 5 state and 4 private universities to understand open access initiatives taken up by them in their respective libraries collecting data through a semi-structurally designed questionnaire. Using statistical techniques, data have been analyzed to draw empirical conclusions. Findings: The study have revealed various issues associated with the libraries regarding their automation status, digitization process, different motives towards OA, establishment of institutional repositories, challenges and many more. The need for having a model for OAI for all the libraries of the region has been felt. Came out with a proposed model for OAI having eight phases comprising mainly of rejuvenation of library system, digitization, digital archiving, OA publications, constitution of a committee, etc. However, acceptability of the model by the libraries of the region needs to be taken care of by the concerned universities. Originality/value: The study is first of its kind in the area of open access initiatives taken up in the region. Findings provide a new vista for the university libraries, which are added feature in the context of the stock of the existing knowledge in the field. The conceptualized OAI model is a new proposal the acceptability of which being rest with the universities concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]