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When the secret message is placed inside a highly compressed image, the transmission will be more secure and cost efficient. In this article, two-layer data embedding and extraction approaches are provided that use a combination of Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC) and Difference Expansion (DE) to enhance hiding capacity on a large scale while producing minimum distortion. The first layer embedding strategy is classified into three situations according to the amount of bit patterns that are concatenated to improve performance. DE is used to build the second layer algorithm. Bitmap has been retaining its previous layer values through DE. The two-layer embedding technique is effective for concealing large volumes of data. In comparison to existing popular AMBTC data hiding strategies, this suggested design provides a low-cost, high-capacity, two-layer efficient data embedding procedure. The anticipated consequence highlighted certain outstanding magnificent aspects in the fields of tampered detection, recovery and authentication schemes, all of which are essential to the modern technological life. This system benefits a wide range of government and business sectors, including health care, commercial security, defence, and intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of data hiding schemes was to provide multimedia security besides the sharing of information in a confidential manner. Since then, various techniques have cropped up to meet the objective of secured data communication using multimedia documents. In this paper, a novel data hiding approach has been designed to exploit the superpixel of the image to identify the nature of the blocks for embedding data using spatial and transform domain techniques such as Cellular Automata (CA) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) respectively. In addition, an Arnold transform is used to provide a blanket of security through a random selection of blocks via sharable keys. The proposed technique obtains YCbCr color model of an RGB image to use superpixel on only the Y color component. Thereafter, the acquired labeled image of superpixel is partitioned into (8 × 8) blocks which are to be categorised as homogeneous and heterogeneous blocks. Based on the categorization, DCT and CA are applied for the embedding of the secret data in the Cb and Cr color components. The experimental results and its comparison with state-of-the-art schemes uphold the effectiveness of the demonstrated scheme. Various analysis have been conducted to showcase the degree of robustness, imperceptibility, and visual quality attained by the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of advanced communication technology, protection of confidential data during transmission through public channel has become a challenging issue. In this context, the design of a data hiding scheme needs to ensure reversibility, robustness against various malicious attacks, and unaltered visual quality even after embedding high amount of secret data. To meet the above requirements, Cellular Automata along with Bit-Reversal Permutation technique have been utilized on dual-image with the target to enhance the robustness of suggested scheme due to distribution of secret information within two stego images which is hard to extract without both stego simultaneously. The proposed scheme makes a trade-off among visual quality, security and embedding capacity as essential for ensuring innocuous communication. The experimental results and comparison with the state-of-art methods establishes that the proposed scheme ensures high degree of robustness against different venomous attacks. This approach may be beneficial to private and public sector practitioners and government agencies to protect valuable multimedia secret data from adversarial cyber attacks. • The first and foremost objective of the proposed scheme is to ensure good imperceptibility. The hidden secret information within cover media should not cause any degradation in visual quality of the image. The secret data should remain invisible. That is, it should not be detectable to human eyes. • It has been noticed that in real life scenarios, there are some security loopholes in the data hiding schemes currently being used. Thus, the purpose of the proposed scheme is to develop a reversible data-hiding scheme using Bit-Reversal Permutation and X-NOR operations combined with Cellular Automata to improve the security level by sharing of information via dual images of the proposed scheme. • Sometimes, recovery of original cover media is indispensable in various human centric applications wherein reversible steganographic scheme is needed. Therefore, it is essential to develop a reversible data hiding scheme maintaining a trade-off between visual quality and embedding capacity of the stego image. • Robustness is one of the major challenges of any steganographic schemes. A steganographic scheme should be robust against venomous attacks such as compression, cropping, filtering, scaling, etc. However, it is really tough to identify such a scheme which is robust against various types of attacks. A data hiding scheme should target to resist tampering, at least up to a certain, predetermined extent. Hence, the other objective of the proposed work is set to provide such a robust, efficient and effective steganographic scheme. • It has been observed that most of the steganographic schemes which are available in the market provide unsatisfactory embedding capacities. Hence, the objective of the proposed scheme is to provide high embedding capacity that can fulfill current market demand. • The proposed scheme has been evaluated using standard analysis techniques like statistical analysis, histogram analysis, reversibility analysis, and robustness analysis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in achieving high embedding capacity, visual quality, and security in data hiding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) has recently been used to secure multimedia materials from geometric and non-geometric attacks. SIFT is commonly used in Computer Vision to identify and describe local features in images using the Difference of Gaussian (DoG) method, which has a high processing cost and a strong affinity towards the edge, resulting in a low contrast point. By introducing modified SIFT (mSIFT), which selects the most distinguishable key point with their feature descriptors, an attempt has been made to construct a rotation and scaling resistant data hiding strategy in this study. Unlike SIFT, a Bilateral-Laplacian filter was employed to determine the extrema, which took into account both geometric and photometric distance to reduce noise and retain the edge. This adds to the benefits of the proposed scheme's resistance against geometric attacks, even when the tampering rate is large. Furthermore, during data embedding, the suggested technique achieves excellent security by utilizing Arnold chaotic function, pseudorandom sequence generator, and a newly created unique encoding pipeline. The proposed technique is secure and resistant to various steganographic attacks while preserving good visual quality, according to experimental results and analysis, as well as comparisons with existing state-of-the-art methods. • The existing SIFT technique bears a high computational cost to locate the minima or maxima extrema with a strong affinity towards the edges resulting in low contrast points using Difference of Gaussian (DoG). In this paper, we have modified the traditional SIFT by introducing a Bilateral Laplacian filter to find the extrema, which produces a more stable key-point due to consideration of both geometric and photometric distances. • In the proposed modified SIFT technique; it is possible to minimize the computational cost as well as preserve the edge by removing noises. • In circular embedding, the challenge is to identify and maintain the sequence of embedding of secret data in pixels because due to geometrical attacks the original pixel coordinates change. To overcome this problem, we have partitioned the circular region into 36 equal sub-regions with angle θ = 10° interlude. In addition, the total intensity of each sub-region has been calculated and sorted in descending order to perform data embedding. • The proposed data hiding scheme is robust against rotation, scaling and flip geometric attacks. It has been validated through different statistical analysis. • The proposed scheme experience high security by exploiting Arnold chaotic function and pseudorandom sequence generator during data embedding phase maintaining proper secret keys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiding information in dual images is a new aspect in the field of multimedia security to increase security, enhance visual quality as well as improve embedding capacity. Few data hiding schemes have been developed employing interpolated gray-scale image suffering from limited hiding capacity with poor visual quality. In this paper, a dual image-based data hiding scheme has been developed with the help of weighted matrix in such a way that more than one data bits can be embedded with only one-bit alteration in the interpolated pixel of the original cover image. The proposed scheme is innovative and realistic because no secret data bits are directly embedded within the pixel but bit alteration has been carried out alternatively in the dual image block depending on the block number. Distributing the valuable secret information within two images and updating the weighted matrix with the shared key before each iteration enhances the security of the proposed scheme. The experimental results with comparison show the effectiveness of our developed scheme which provides visual quality more than 47 dB PSNR after embedding 1,754,460 bits secret information. The intended outcome brought into the limelight some remarkable sublime characteristics in the field of image authentication, tamper detection and digital forgery detection without which the technological life is stunted. Innumerable private and public sector facet including health care, commercial security, defence, intellectual property rights gets immensely benefited from this innovative scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]