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The purpose of this study was to develop and explore the factor structure of university faculty-focused bystander attitude and behavior measures regarding gender-based violence and to expand on the inclusion of oppressive behaviors in these measures. An online survey was administered to a convenience sample of 167 faculty from a university in the US. Two scales, Faculty Bystander Attitude Scale (FBAS) and Faculty Bystander Behavior Scale (FBBS), were developed to assess faculty bystander attitudes and behaviors. After exploratory factor analysis, the 27-item FBBS successfully loaded on three factors and, after eliminating two items, the 25-item FBAS successfully loaded on three factors. A confirmatory factor analysis will be a useful next step in confirming the factor structure of the modified measures. Faculty specific bystander attitude and behavior scales are necessary to assess the efficacy of violence prevention programming for faculty. These scales can also be incorporated into campus climate surveys to determine faculty's willingness to intervene when they witness behaviors along the continuum of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Double OT (DOT) assessment is occupation-based and dynamic, designed with a clientcentered format requiring skill demonstration. It was developed to support youth transitioning into the workplace. This research intended to analyze initial validity and users' experience. Method: This study includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of data collected from surveys from 169 client participants (APs) and 30 recipient participants (ARRs) from eight sites in the USA and Europe. AP were 14 to 25 years of age and engaged in residential, educational, and vocational settings. The ARRs comprised partners who had received DOT assessment summaries about APs with whom they worked. Results: The APs showed high engagement and learning; average ratings for each item fell between 4.24-4.54 on a 5-point Likert scale. The ARRs agreed on the validity and usability of the DOT; average ratings for each item fell between 3.75 and 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative themes indicated that the DOT is: "fun and engaging," "vocationally informative and applicable," and that there is an absence of commonly used assessments informing vocational transitions. Conclusion: The results support initial validity of the DOT. Users find it to be highly engaging, with good usability, and indicate that it facilitates participant learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the relative importance of factors that contribute to job choices among health care providers. A convenience sample of 173 health care providers (N=134) and physician assistant students (N=39) completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants rated the importance of sixteen job- (e.g. work environment), community- (e.g. recreational opportunities), and personal-related factors (e.g. children) and one open-ended item. The highest rated item, on average, was an opportunity to make a difference in patient quality of life (mean (M)=4.57, standard deviation (SD)=0.63) while the lowest rated item was wealth/prestige of living in a certain area (M=2.43, SD=1.05). The average importance rating was similar across types of providers and between providers and students. While personal interest to positively affect patients' quality of life was rated as the most important factor, almost all the studied items were rated as important or very important by the majority of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media connects people in a myriad of ways, yet when prevented from staying connected, an experience of missing out on information and events perceived to be integral to one's well-being may ensue. Relatedness, a core construct of self-determination theory, is a primary influencer of motivation, and therefore being cut off from others has a negative impact on one's quality of life. Across diverse groups of people, social media is utilized for a variety of purposes directly related to connectedness, which implies inherent differences in how one's fear of missing out (FoMO) manifests in everyday life. This study employed the previously validated Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS) with a nonclinical sample of African American and Caucasian college students in the United States, with a particular focus on validity of the measure with an African American cohort due to a lack of empirical evidence pertaining to with this demographic. Factor analyses yielded inconsistent findings from the FoMOS initial validation study, and results indicated differences in self-reported FoMO between the two racial groups. We speculate that observed group-based differences are at least partially the result of how individuals from each group understood and internalized the conceptual meaning of FoMO, supporting a hypothesis of practical differences in how anxieties related to missing out manifest. This may be due to individual or group-based differences in motivations for, or general purpose of, using social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Although randomized controlled trials indicate that the Mulligan Concept (MC) of mobilization with movement can improve pain-free grip strength and pressure pain threshold in patients with lateral epicondylalgia of the elbow, improve ankle dorsiflexion in patients with subacute ankle sprains, and decrease the signs and symptoms of patients with cervicogenic headache, little is known about the clinical application, use, and profile of certified Mulligan practitioners (CMPs) in America. Objective: To better understand the use and value of applying the MC philosophy in clinical-care environments from the perspective of American CMPs while establishing a clinical profile of a CMP. Design: Quantitative descriptive design. Setting: Online survey instrument. Participants: American CMPs. Data Collection and Analysis: Online survey instrument. Results: CMPs use the MC to treat a broad spectrum of spinal and peripheral clinical pathologies in primarily outpatient clinics with an active and athletic population. American CMPs also find value in the MC. Conclusions: American CMPs continue to use and find value in the MC intervention strategy to treat a broad spectrum of spinal and peripheral conditions in their clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically test a new instrument to measure the scope of school nursing practice. Design: Methodological study. Methods: Data were collected in Spring 2018. Frontline school nurses in the United States (N = 3099) completed the 39‐item Scope of School Nursing Practice Tool (SSNPT) with two domains (current practice and importance to practice). One half of sample data (N1 = 1521) were used for exploratory factor analysis, item analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Spearman–Brown to estimate validity and reliability of the instrument. Sample data from the other half (N2 = 1578) were retained for future analysis. Results: Factor analysis resulted in a stable four‐dimension solution: (A) Using the Nursing Process; (B) Applying Evidence to Improve Practice; (C) Connecting with Community; and (D) Leveraging the School and Family Team, accounting for 50.48% (current practice) and 53.31% (importance to practice) of total variance. Cronbach's alpha and Spearman–Brown ranged from.73 to.90 and.73 to.92, respectively. Item–total correlations ranged from.36 to.82. Conclusion: Initial psychometric properties indicate the new SSNPT is valid and reliable to assess the scope of practice of frontline school nurses. Impact: School nurses play a key role in population health and frequently serve as the sole provider of healthcare in schools worldwide. However, variability in school nursing practice affects the health, safety and educational outcomes of children and youth. No instrument exists that measures the scope of practice of school nurses. Frontline school nurses can use the SSNPT to assess practice, school nurse administrators can use the tool for resource utilization and school nurse researchers can use the tool to examine school nursing practices' impact on student/community health and academic outcomes. The SSNPT may provide a template for others who wish to examine specialty nursing scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The Self‐Care Self‐Efficacy Scale (SCSES) was newly developed as a self‐report measure for self‐care self‐efficacy for chronic illness. This study investigated its measurement equivalence (ME) in different cultural groups, including United States, China (Hong Kong), Italy, and Brazil. Design: A multi‐national study for cross‐cultural validation of the Scale. Methods: From January 2015 ‐ December 2018, investigators recruited 957 patients (United State: 200; Hong Kong: 300; Italy: 285; and Brazil: 142) with chronic illness from inpatient and outpatient settings. The SCSES was administered and clinical and demographic data were collected from participants. Based on the Meredith framework, multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance of the scale across the four populations through a series of nested models, with evaluation of reliability and coherence of the factor solution. Results: The mean ages of the groups ranged from 65–77 years, 56.4% was male. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the single‐factor SCSES were 0.93, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.90 for the United States, China (Hong Kong), Italy, and Brazil, respectively. Three of the four levels of ME were partially or totally supported. The highest level achieved was partial scalar invariance level (χ2 [52] = 313.4, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.067; 95% CI = 0.056–0.077; CFI = 0.966; TLI = 0.960, SRMR = 0.080). Conclusion: Patients from the four countries shared the same philosophical orientation towards scale items, although some of the items contributed differently to represent the concept and participants shared the same schemata for score interpretation. Impact: Self‐efficacy is important in producing effective and sustainable self‐care behavioural changes. Cultural ideation shapes the ways individuals interpret and report their self‐care self‐efficacy. The study findings support cross‐cultural and cross‐national utility of the SCSES for research on self‐care across United States, China (Hong Kong), Italy, and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying depressive cognitions in first-generation Middle Eastern immigrants (FGMEI) can be an important step to prevent the development of clinical depression. Purpose: This study focused on the cross-cultural equivalence and psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (A-PTSS) among 100 FGMEI. Methods: Content/face validity of the measure was conducted. Internal consistency, homogeneity, dimensionality and construct validity were assessed. Results: Cronbach's alpha for (A-PTSS) was.89. Factor extraction generated only one factor, which is consistent with the English version. The A-PTSS total score had a strong positive correlation with the positive cognition scores (r =.42, p <.001), the total resourcefulness scores (r =.39, p <.001), and with the total generalized anxiety scores (r = −.42, p <.001), thereby suggesting construct validity. Conclusion: This scale has the potential to become a useful screening tool for depressive cognitions among FGMEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Successful long-term left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy necessitates a high degree of self-care. We aimed to develop an instrument that measures self-care behaviors in adult patients living with an LVAD. Methods: We used the method to develop patient-reported outcomes recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. Prior to developing the instrument, a literature review was conducted to generate items using the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness as a guiding framework. A 2-round Delphi method, involving 17 clinicians with expertise in heart failure and assist devices from the Netherlands, Israel, United States, Canada, and Japan, was used to generate and select items. In the first Delphi survey, the levels of importance, relevance, and clarity of items in the instrument were evaluated. The second Delphi survey was performed to gain consensus on the final selection of items. We also examined face validity. Results: A preliminary 37-item version of the Self-Care Behavior Scale was produced. The first panel judged 33 items as important and relevant, taking out 4 items due to vague wording and duplication and adding in 4 items. In the final 33-item version, 19 items address self-care maintenance behaviors, 10 items address self-care monitoring behaviors, and 4 items address self-care management behaviors. Patients (N = 25) did not have any difficulties understanding items and report any missing items. Conclusion: The 33-item Self-Care Behavior Scale for patients with heart failure having an LVAD has been developed and is ready for further psychometric testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM This study explored master of science in nursing students' self-assessed use of the evidence-based knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) of scholarly writing. BACKGROUND UnderstandingMSN students' self-assessed use of the KSAs of writing can help faculty better prepare MSN graduates to advance the science of nursing through scholarly writing. METHOD A descriptive correlational design was used to determine how a national sample of 76 MSN students assessed their ability to demonstrate the KSAs of scholarly writing and to determine associations between select demographic variables and the self-assessment results. RESULTS Participants were familiar with the KSAs of scholarly writing and used them with varying frequency. No associations were identified between demographic variables and the KSA self-assessment ratings. CONCLUSION Additional writing opportunities and inclusion of a variety of writing assignments could increase use of the KSAs and therefore facilitate the development of scholarly writing abilities needed to advance nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antidepressant drugs represent the mainstay of treatment for depression; however, nonadherence is a major problem. Attitudes are predictors of long-term adherence and drive medication use. The Attitudes Toward Medication–Depression (ATM-D) Inventory was developed and tested with 131 patients in primary care settings who reported a diagnosis of depression. Content validity was assessed by experts with a 94.4% agreement on item relevancy. Exploratory factor analysis showed three factors (course of medication treatment, identity, and control) that accounted for 57% of the total variance in the final 17-item scale. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (α = .76-.84) and test–retest reliability (α = .74-.83). Results support the construct validity and reliability of the instrument and revealed unique insights into patients’ cognitive representations of their antidepressants. This study supported that patients have cognitive representations related to depression and antidepressants that go beyond simple concerns about the effects of the medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary pattern analysis represents a departure from the traditional focus on single foods and nutrients and provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of the diet in chronic disease prevention and etiology. Dietary patterns of Canadians have not been evaluated comprehensively with the use of an updated a priori dietary quality index. Objectives: We aimed to update the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) on the basis of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the revised index, and to examine whether closer adherence to this index is associated with a lower risk of obesity with or without an accompanying chronic disease. Design: Data from 11,748 participants (≥18 y of age) in the crosssectional Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2.2 were used in weighted multivariate analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between diet quality and obesity risk. Results: With the use of principal component analyses, the multidimensionality of the 2015 DGAI was confirmed, and its reliability was shown with a high Cronbach's α = 0.75. Moving from the first to the fourth (healthiest) quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, there was a trend toward decreased energy (2492 ± 26 compared with 2403 ± 22 kcal, respectively; ±SE) and nutrients of concern (e.g., sodium), whereas intakes of beneficial nutrients increased (P-trend < 0.05). In the age- and sex-adjusted model, a lack of adherence to the 2015 DGA recommendations increased the OR of being unhealthy obese from 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.99) in quartile 3 to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.90) in quartile 2 to 2.31 (95% CI: 1.65, 3.23) in the first quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, compared with the fourth quartile (healthiest) (P-trend < 0.0001). The odds of being obese without a chronic disease (healthy obese) and having a chronic disease without being obese also increased in the lowest DGAI quartile compared with the highest DGAI quartile, albeit not as much as in the unhealthy obese group. Conclusion: The 2015 DGAI provides a valid and reliable measure of diet quality among Canadians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fidelity monitoring is a core component for successful translation of evidence-based interventions, yet little guidance is available on developing tools to assess intervention fidelity that are valid and feasible for use in community settings. We partnered with nurses in the field to develop a fidelity monitoring instrument that would capture the essential elements of the nursing intervention that is the core of Nurse-Family Partnership, a prenatal and early childhood home visitation program. Using a grounded approach, we employed concept mapping to identify the salient behavioral characteristics associated with the program, and then, adapting Dreyfus' model of skill development, created a tool to assess nurse home visitors (NHVs) according to their stage of growth. In a pilot, the Nursing Practice Assessment (NPA) form was used to assess 188 NHVs. The average time to complete the tool was 1 hour, and skill development stage was concordant with years of NHV experience. According to surveys of supervisors and NHVs, the tool captured the essential elements of the program model. Articulating the essential elements of each skill development stage can provide a foundation for professional development for NHVs. In response to feedback, online training modules were developed prior to large-scale implementation in the field. The grounded methods used to develop the NPA enhanced its internal consistency and implementation feasibility and could be utilized by other public health nursing programs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]