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Introduction: vitamin D plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health. Recent evidence suggests that deficiency of vitamin D is associated with many non-skeletal disorders. Physiatrist should be continuously educated on the role and impact of vitamin D on the individual systems in the body, in order to timely prevent and treat diseases in patients who undergo rehabilitation. Materials and methods: this paper used data from 4 review studies, 2 meta-analyzes, 2 clinical guides and 24 other studies. Results: the status of vitamin D in the body is measured and monitored by the concentration of the metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25- (OH) vitamin D), which is expressed in ng/ml or nmol /l. Depending on its concentration, vita- min D deficiency is defined as a "deficit" or "insufficiency". "Deficit" leads to rickets and osteomalacia, "insufficiency" is associated with osteoporosis, and has great influence on bone fractures and falls. Recent evidence "insufficiency" associates with diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cognitive dysfunction, autism, Parkinson's disease, heart disease. The main sources of vitamin D are ultraviolet B radiation, food and supplements. In the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, it is important to achieve "optimal" concentration of vitamin D, and according to majority of authors that is the value of ≥ 75 nmol/l. In order to prevent D vitamin "deficit" and "insufficiency", or for their treatment, there are recommendations for necessary daily intake. Recommendations vary on a regional and national levels, and are continuously revised. Conslusion: physiatry, as an integrative branch of medicine, not only includes the underlying disease for which the patient is treated, but also includes the treatment of comorbidity, or prevention of various complications and new disease, which requires careful observation and timely action. Therefore, the knowledge of the physiology of vitamin D and its impact on the function of the musculoskeletal and other systems in the body, is of great importance for the daily practice of physiatry. Institutions for physiotherapy and rehabilitation are very appropriate for diagnosing, treating and studying vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]