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Periodontal disease is an infection that, in pregnant women, can act as a risk factor for preterm delivery by increasing local and systemic inflammatory responses. Objective . To analyze the presence of periodontal disease, proinflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in pregnant patients at high risk for preterm delivery. Materials and Methods . Pilot study for a case-control study. We included 46 pregnant patients (23 patients at risk of preterm delivery as cases and 23 patients without risk of preterm delivery as controls). We excluded patients who received periodontal treatment, antibiotics, or antimicrobials over the last 3 months as well as those with infections or diseases such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. The patients underwent a periodontal assessment, and their levels of cytokines (interleukin- [IL-] 2, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor- [TNF-] α ) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were quantified. Results . Patients with periodontal disease showed higher levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF- α ) and PGE 2 . Patients at high risk for preterm birth showed higher IL levels compared with patients at low risk for preterm delivery. PGE 2 increased with the severity of periodontal disease. PGE 2 was higher in patients at low risk for preterm delivery, although this difference was not significant. Conclusion . Periodontal disease can increase the systemic inflammatory response as well as the levels of PGE 2 and inflammatory cytokines in pregnant patients.

Periodontal disease and its inflammatory response have been related to adverse outcomes in pregnancy such as preterm birth, preeclampsia and low birth weight. This study analyzed systemic inflammatory response in patients with high risk of preterm delivery and its relationship to periodontal disease. A pilot study was conducted for a case and control study, on 23 patients at risk of preterm delivery and 23 patients without risk of preterm delivery as controls. Exclusion criteria were patients who had received periodontal treatment, antibiotic or antimicrobial agents within the past three months, or with infections or baseline diseases such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. All patients underwent periodontal assessment, laboratory tests (complete blood count, lipid profile, baseline glycemia) and quantification of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TNF-γ). Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TNF-γ) were found in patients with chronic periodontitis than in patients with gingivitis or periodontal health. These cytokines, in particular IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α, were higher in patients at high risk of preterm delivery. Patients with high risk of preterm delivery had higher severity of periodontal disease as well as higher levels of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TNF-γ., (Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Odontológica.)

A positive relationship has been reported between advanced periodontitis and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship with parameters for periodontitis, such as PISA and systemic inflammation biomarkers. An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A blood sample was collected from 75 subjects to analyze glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and cytokine values. Increased cIMT was found in 32% of the patients with fewer teeth. Patients with periodontitis had a larger periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) (p = 0.000) and had a 1.42-times-higher risk of having increased cIMT values compared to periodontally healthy individuals, though without a statistically significant association. Higher values in the left cIMT, IL-8, and TNF-α were found in men than in women with significant differences. In the multivariate analysis involving cytokines, age continues to be linked to increased cIMT values. INF-γ showed a trend towards a protective effect; as the IMT-M decreases, there is an increase in the expression of INF-γ, and a higher proportion of subjects with elevated INF-γ concentrations demonstrated normal IMT-C. This study did not find a statistically significant association between cIMT and periodontal disease, but the risk of having increased cIMT is 1.42-times higher for individuals with periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease is an infection that, in pregnant women, can act as a risk factor for preterm delivery by increasing local and systemic inflammatory responses. Objective. To analyze the presence of periodontal disease, proinflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) in pregnant patients at high risk for preterm delivery. Materials and Methods. Pilot study for a case-control study. We included 46 pregnant patients (23 patients at risk of preterm delivery as cases and 23 patients without risk of preterm delivery as controls). We excluded patients who received periodontal treatment, antibiotics, or antimicrobials over the last 3 months as well as those with infections or diseases such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. The patients underwent a periodontal assessment, and their levels of cytokines (interleukin- [IL-] 2, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor- [TNF-] α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were quantified. Results. Patients with periodontal disease showed higher levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and PGE 2 . Patients at high risk for preterm birth showed higher IL levels compared with patients at low risk for preterm delivery. PGE 2 increased with the severity of periodontal disease. PGE 2 was higher in patients at low risk for preterm delivery, although this difference was not significant. Conclusion. Periodontal disease can increase the systemic inflammatory response as well as the levels of PGE 2 and inflammatory cytokines in pregnant patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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