1. Molecular signals for glial activation: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the injured brain.
- Author
-
Raivich G, Jones LL, Werner A, Blüthmann H, Doetschmann T, and Kreutzberg GW
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes physiology, Humans, Brain metabolism, Brain Injuries metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Neuroglia physiology, Signal Transduction physiology
- Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system leads to cellular changes not only in the affected neurons but also in adjacent glial cells. This neuroglial activation is a consistent feature in almost all forms of brain pathology and appears to reflect an evolutionarily-conserved program which plays an important role for the repair of the injured nervous system. Recent work in mice that are genetically-deficient for different cytokines (M-CSF, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta 1) has begun to shed light on the molecular signals that regulate this cellular response. Here, the availability of cytokine-deficient animals with reduced or abolished neuroglial activation provides a direct approach to determine the function of the different components of the cellular response leading to repair and regeneration following neural trauma.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF