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This study investigated the effects of age, sex and breed on serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and creatinine in small breed dogs. This retrospective study included 250 dogs weighing less than 15 kg without azotemia. Serum Cys-C and creatinine concentrations were analyzed, along with their correlation with age, and the difference between sexes or dog breeds. Serum Cys-C concentration correlated with age (P < 0.001), and did not differ between sexes or dog breeds. By contrast, serum creatinine concentration did not correlate with age. Serum creatinine concentration was higher in males than females (P < 0.05), and was lower in Miniature Dachshunds and Chihuahuas, and was higher in Shiba Inus compared to the general study population (P < 0.001). Serum Cys-C concentration correlates with age, and might be more sensitive to aging-associated subclinical renal dysfunction than serum creatinine concentration in dogs. Unlike serum creatinine concentration, serum Cys-C concentration is not affected by sex or dog breed., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

This study evaluated the monitoring methods in asymptomatic dogs with high serum cystatin C (Cys-C) concentrations. Ten dogs with high serum Cys-C were divided into two groups based on the owner's choice; one receiving clinical pathology-based monitoring at an animal hospital specialised in chronic kidney disease, and the other receiving symptom-based monitoring at home, partly because they showed no clinical symptoms. The dogs that received the clinical pathology-based monitoring led to an early treatment intervention, resulted in a longer survival period than dogs received the symptom-based monitoring (P<0.05). It became clear that early treatment intervention by clinical pathology-based monitoring extends the renal survival period even in asymptomatic dogs with increased serum Cys-C concentrations.

This study examined the predictive value of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) concentration, measured during routine periodic health examinations, in the renal prognosis of dogs. A cohort of 140 dogs weighing <15 kg whose serum Cys-C concentrations were measured during periodic health examinations from December 2013 to March 2016 were prospectively studied, with renal disease-related death the predicted end point. Of the 140 dogs, nine died from renal diseases during the follow-up period (539 ± 249 days). Serum Cys-C concentrations were higher in the dogs that subsequently died of renal disease than in the censored group (0.8 ± 0.25 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl, respectively; P < .01). Dogs with high serum Cys-C concentrations (>0.55 mg/dl) had a shorter (P < .01) renal disease-specific survival period than those with low serum Cys-C concentrations (≤0.55 mg/dl). In conclusion, high serum Cys-C concentrations in periodic health examinations in dogs <15 kg predicted poorer prognosis for renal function., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Impaired renal function is 1 of the poor prognostic factors in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). However, the value of cystatin C (Cys‐C), a marker of renal function, as a prognostic marker for MMVD in dogs has not yet been explored. Objective: This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of Cys‐C in dogs with MMVD. Animals: Fifty client‐owned small‐breed dogs with MMVD were included in this study. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross‐sectional study. The prognostic value of serum Cys‐C concentration was assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox hazard regression analyses. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves for MMVD‐specific survival in dogs stratified into high and low Cys‐C groups were generated and analyzed using the log‐rank test. Results: Serum Cys‐C concentrations were significantly associated with MMVD‐related death (P <.01) in both univariable (hazard ratio [HR], 5.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.950‐13.270) and multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis (HR, 4.657; 95% CI, 1.767‐12.270). The high Cys‐C group (n = 14) had a significantly shorter MMVD‐specific survival time than the low Cys‐C group (n = 36; P <.01). In dogs with normal blood creatinine concentrations, the high Cys‐C group (n = 10) had a significantly shorter MMVD‐specific survival time than the low Cys‐C group (n = 36; P <.01). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: High serum Cys‐C concentrations were associated with a worse prognosis of MMVD. Furthermore, serum Cys‐C could be a predictor of MMVD prognosis even in dogs with normal blood creatinine concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]