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Critical realism is a framework that explains causations of observable events. It is useful in exploring and explaining complex nursing phenomena. It is grounded in the stratification of reality and the understanding that the world is complex, open, and has interactions that support or cancel each other whether we observe it or not. It can be used as a theoretical foundation of case study approach, an in-depth inquiry that seeks to understand a particular phenomenon within specific settings. This paper introduces the basic concepts of critical realism and how it can inform a qualitative case study methodology. To support this approach, we present a study on caregiving experiences for older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds which we believe highlights the value of combining critical realism and case study to inform future nursing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To synthesise information about the needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care from the perspectives of the residents, families and care staff. Background: Older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care have care needs that are complex. Identifying these needs is critical to ensure quality care is delivered. Design: An integrative review of literature. Methods: Five databases were searched for relevant articles: APA PsychINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. The search and screening were guided by PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafl's five‐step framework. Results: Fifteen papers were included in this review consisting of 4 quantitative, 9 qualitative and 2 mixed method studies. Two themes described the needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care. The first was related to culture‐specific needs, and the second was related to dementia‐specific care needs. Culture‐specific needs comprised of three subthemes: (a) common language, (b) traditional food, and (c) social and spiritual requirements. Dementia‐specific needs comprised of (a) focusing on comfort in addition to clinical requirements and (b) individualised care that addresses behavioural symptoms of dementia. Conclusions: Identifying and meeting the needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds will improve quality care delivery in addition to increased caregiving satisfaction among residents, families and care staff, and the management of behaviours that characterise dementia. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Care needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in the residential setting can be complex. Education and training of care staff including nurses must be considered so that provision of care is inclusive of the cultural and dementia needs for older people in residential aged care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]