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Background: The ecological approach to agriculture causes the desire to eliminate pesticides. Work is underway to replace them with natural agents. Aim: The aim of the research was to introduce an innovative factor and non-invasively increase the yield of dry matter and starch and thus improve the quality of the raw material for the production of potato-enriched products. Material and methods: The field experiment was carried out in central-eastern Poland, using the randomized sub-block method, in a dependent split-split-plot design in three repetitions. The superior factor of the first order was pre-planting treatments by treating seed potatoes with a microbiological preparation for (a) 10 min, (b) 15 min, and (c) untreated seed potatoes (untreated control). The second-order factor was 14 potato cultivars of all groups of earliness. Qualitative research was carried out under laboratory conditions. Results: Pre-planting treatments with the use of a microbiological preparation had a positive effect on the yield of dry matter and starch compared to the control while modifying the characteristics related to the quality of potato chips. The tested cultivars determined both the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the chips to the greatest extent. Conclusions: Alternative solutions will allow the effective replacement of pesticides in potato production and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

JA (Jerusalem artichoke) cultivars react differently to mineral fertilization. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of mineral fertilization on the yield and yield structure of this species in terms of its aboveground biomass. The research was based on a field experiment carried out in 2016–2018 in Central and Eastern Poland using the randomized subblock method, in a split-split-plot-dependent system. The factors of the first-order experiment were the cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) ('Albik', 'Rubik' and 'Violet de Renes'), while the second-order factors were differentiated mineral fertilizers (N0P0K0 as a control object and P43, K124, N100, P43K124, N50P43K124m N100P43K124, and N150P43K124) converted to their elemental forms compared with the full dose of manure. The third-order factors were nitrogen forms, including ammonium nitrate and amide. The aboveground biomass yield and its structure were determined. The tested cultivars did not differ significantly in yield, but had different yield structures. The use of mineral fertilization brought measurable effects in the form of an increase in the yield of aboveground biomass. The 'Albik' cultivar responded best to mineral fertilization, with the highest yield of aboveground biomass being obtained after applying 150 kg N ha−1 in the form of ammonium nitrate against the background of constant phosphorus–potassium fertilization. The 'Rubik' cultivar responded most favorably to the addition of 50 kg N ha−1 in the amide form against the background of phosphorus–potassium fertilization, while the 'Violet de Renes' cultivar produced the highest yield of aboveground biomass after the application of 100 kg N ha−1 in the amide form, including PK fertilization. It was found that it was advantageous to use a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus–potassium fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was based on a 3-year field experiment carried out in south-eastern Poland, in 2013-2015, on brown, slightly acidic soil. The experiment was established by the randomized subblock method, where the first-order factors were foliar fertilization: (A) Fortis Duotop Zn Mn + Fortis Aminotop, (B) Fortis B Mo + Ferti Agro, (C) Fortis Zn Mn + Fortis B Mo and (0) standard object, without foliar fertilization. The factors of the second order were 4 edible potato cultivars ('Viviana', 'Vineta', 'Jelly' and 'Agnes'). Foliar application of all fertilizer combinations contributed to the reduction of the content of nitrates and nitrites in potato tubers. However, the response of cultivars to foliar fertilization was varied. The medium late cultivar 'Jelly' was characterized by the lowest tendency to accumulate nitrates, while the early cultivar 'Vineta' was the highest. The highest content of both nitrates and nitrites in tubers was recorded in the dry year, with a significant shortage of rainfall during the potato growing season, and the lowest in the year, about wet June, and September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Analyses of fatty acids were carried out in oil samples derived from white mustard. Two cultivars of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) were evaluated: 'Borowska', and 'Bamberka'. The oil content in the seeds of the tested cultivars was 276 and 290 g/kg, respectively. The oils obtained differed significantly in the composition of fatty acids. The oil from 'Borowska' contained less saturated fatty acids (4.86%) in comparison to 'Bamberka' (10.36%). The content of erucic acid was 22.2% in the 'Borowska' oil, while the oil from 'Bamberka' contained only 3.8% of this component. The research shows that the oil pressed from 'Borowska' can be used for technical purposes, and the oil derived from the cultivar 'Bamberka' can be used for food purposes due to the low content of erucic acid in the fatty acid composition and the beneficial fatty acid composition. As a component of diet, the low-erucic acid oil from the cultivar 'Bamberka' can be a source of unsaturated fatty acids (total 67.25%). The lower levels of linoleic (9.46 %) and linolenic (8.35%) acid, compared with 'Borowska' (respectively: 12.5 and 10.5%), may contribute to increased oil oxidative stability during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems with weed infestation under cover were the reason to conduct research on the regulation of weed infestation in potato cultivation for early harvest. The field experiment was carried out in 2015–2017 at the Experimental Station for Cultivar Assessment in Uhnin (51°34′ N, 23°02′ E) using the method of random subblocks, in a dependent system (split-split-plot). The first order factor was edible potato cultivars 'Denar' and 'Lord'. The second order factor was cultivation technologies: (A) traditional technology, (B) technology using polyethylene film cover, (C) technology using polypropylene agrotextile. The third order factor was weed management methods: (1) mechanical, (2) mechanical and chemical method using Afalon Dispersion 450 SC preparation, (3) mechanical and chemical methods using Racer 250 EC herbicide, and (4) mechanical and chemical methods using a mixture of herbicides Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Command 480 EC. Mechanical and chemical methods proved to be more effective than the mechanical method. The best effectiveness in limiting both fresh and dry weed mass in potato cultivation under cover was achieved using the mechanical and chemical method using a mixture of herbicides, Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Command 480 EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]