Search

Purpose of Review The goal of the present review is to update the reader on the scientific background of zirconia ceramic implants. Clinical investigations using zirconia ceramic implants over the last couple of years have brought up some new developments and questions. Can we be confident in placing zirconia ceramic implants given the recently published data? Is there a difference in the application of one- and two-piece implants? Recent Findings Systematic reviews on preclinical investigations of zirconia implants revealed that one-piece zirconia implants (> 4 mm) are sufficiently stable for clinical use. The same is true for some clinically available two-piece implant systems. Osseointegration and soft tissue integration are, according to the reviews, similar between titanium and zirconia implants with similar surface topographies. Regarding the clinical outcome, a meta-review exists evaluating systematic reviews. The findings of the systematic reviews and the meta-review are that there are good short-term clinical results for one-piece zirconia implants. However, the data for two-piece implants is not robust. Summary In certain applications (single tooth restorations and small bridges), the results of zirconia implants are comparable with titanium implants in short-term studies. Some mid-term investigations support the short-term results. However, according to the current scientific data available, zirconia implants cannot yet be considered an alternative to titanium implants because there are many areas where there is a lack of clinical studies on zirconia implants. Currently, they are an addendum to the titanium implant armamentarium for situations where they are useful (patient request, known hypersensitivity to titanium, or questions of esthetics when titanium might appear inappropriate for a certain situation/condition), but long-term studies are needed. Without a doubt, there is a need for two-piece zirconia implants, but limited research exists to support their clinical use at the moment.

The gas-tight joining between yttrium-stabilised semi-closed zirconia ceramic tube and 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel tube was achieved by using a self-made Ag–27Cu–4Ti paste filler material, where the...

The possibility of obtaining zirconia ceramic fibers by electrospinning was examined. The factors affecting the fiber diameter and the presence of tape inclusions were determined. It was shown that under the action of an electric field the forming solutions make it possible to obtain fibers in a wide range of viscosities. For forming solution viscosity 0.45 – 0.69 Pa ∙ sec the fiber production process stabilizes and the fiber diameter is comparable to that of conventionally produced fibers (0.9 – 1.5 μm).

Purpose: The plan for this study was to anatomise the effect of alternative surface treatments to enhance bonding to zirconia. Materials and Methods: forty discs of zirconia (Prettau,zircon zhan, Italy) were prepared using Isomet 4000 precision Saw then discs were divided into 5 groups. Group 1, control; Group2, zirconia discs were treated with50-mm Al2O3 particles; Group 3, zirconia discs were received hand grinding; Group 4, zirconia discs were treated by a CO2 laser and Group 5, zirconia discs were treated using ERYAG laser. Composite resin discs were constructed and cemented to zirconia samples with panavia cement. For the bond strength test, a universal testing machine was used. Results: the highest shear bond strength was recorded for (Hand grinding) group (2) while the lowest mean value was recorded for control group (1). Conclusions: Treatment of Zirconia Surfaces with hand grinding or sandblasting increased shear bond strength. Treatment of Zirconia with CO2 and ERYAG lasers increased shear bond strength of zirconia, with the CO2 laser being higher than ERYAG laser.

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized electrothermal machining process capable of producing complex shapes with close tolerances irrespective of material hardness. Zirconia (Z...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructure of polymer infiltrated zirconia ceramics. Zpex smile from Tosoh company was used as a starting material. Sintered zirconia ceramics blocks w...

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and zirconia, and also to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 zirconia (Group 1) and 22 PEEK (Group 2) specimens (disks of 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm in thickness) were machine milled using computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) from commercially available zirconia and PEEK. These specimens were air abraded with 110-μm aluminum oxide. Following which these two groups were subdivided into four groups, that is, Group 1A: 11 zirconia specimens before thermocycling, Group 1B: 11 zirconia specimens after thermocycling, Group 2A: 11 PEEK specimens before thermocycling, and Group 2B: 11 PEEK specimens after thermocycling. These four groups of specimens were embedded in an acrylic block, and bonding agent was applied over the upper surfaces of the disks of each of these specimens. Composite resin was then cured, and then Group 1B and group 2B were thermocycled under a standard temperature. The bond strength of the specimen was tested using universal testing machine. Result: The result showed that there was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the groups, although higher shear bond strength was observed in the PEEK group. Conclusion: Shear bond strength of PEEK is similar to zirconia. The results suggest that the pretreatment method and primers used were effective in improving the bonding of resin cements to zirconia ceramic and the bonding properties of the veneering resin to the PEEK surface.

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a type of efficient manufacturing technology for building ceramic prototypes with increased dimensional accuracy, improved time efficiency, and reduced cost. A wealth of research works have been conducted to uncover the underlying formation mechanism of zirconia ceramic parts manufactured by AM processes and to improve the performance of the parts. In spite of the achievements, there are still some unresolved issues, such as porosity, cracks, coffee staining, which impede the adoption of AM processes for zirconia part manufacturing. This paper aims to review the recent research efforts on zirconia ceramic manufactured using AM techniques. The existing works are mainly categorized in terms of the different AM preparation methods and the applications. More importantly, the challenges and opportunities related to AM of zirconia products are discussed. As such, this review provides not only a comprehensive survey of the existing research, but also an insightful discussion regarding the potential research in the future. Innovations are expected to be stimulated for many critical industrial applications.

Reasonable zirconia surface pretreatment results in excellent bond strength. This study compared the effects of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of zirconia. A total of 48 zi...

Optimal flexural strength is a critical prerequisite for prosthetic frameworks. This study aimed to assess the flexural strength of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer compared to a base metal alloy and high-strength Zirconia ceramic commonly used in prosthodontic treatments. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 10 bar-shaped samples measuring 18×5×2mm were fabricated of each the PEEK polymer, nickel-chromium base metal alloy and zirconia ceramic. Half of the samples in each group were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles between 5°C - 55°C with 20 seconds of dwell time and 20 seconds of transfer time to simulate oral conditions. All samples then underwent three-point bending test. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test were applied to compare the mean flexural strength of the groups with and without thermocycling at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The flexural strength of base metal alloy, Zirconia and PEEK was 1387.70±45.50 MPa, 895.13±13.99 MPa and 192.10±5.37 MPa, respectively. The difference was significant among the groups (p

Introduction/Objective. Recently, new materials for double crowns have been introduced, such as zirconia and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). However, some characteristics of these materials, such as retentive force and duration of “settling in phase,” have not been investigated sufficiently. During the “settling in phase,” telescopic overdenture has not yet achieved its definitive retention force, and it can be harmful for periodontal tissue if the value is above optimal for a long period of time. The objective was to measure the in vitro overall pull-off force of telescopic crowns where primary crowns were made from zirconia ceramics and a survey of the “settling in phase” duration. Methods. Forty zirconia primary telescopic crowns were produced on prepared canine teeth. Twenty secondary crowns were of PEEK and other 20 of zirconia with electroplated gold copings. The pull-off force measurements were conducted utilizing a dynamometer until a constant value was obtained. Results. The specimens of the PEEK group showed higher initial retentive force values. Settling in phase was finished between 800 and 900 cycles of separation for both groups. Comparing the value of the pull-off force between individual different cycles, a statistically significant reduction was recorded up to the 800th cycle, while between the 800th and the 900th cycle there was no difference. Conclusions. The settling in phase was finished between 800 and 900 cycles of separation in both groups. Final retentive force values for both tested telescopic groups were in the optimal range which is 5–9 N per one telescopic crown., Uvod/Cilj Poslednjih godina uvedeni su u praksu novi materijali za dvostruke krune, kao što su cirkonija i polietereterketon (PEEK). Međutim, neke karakteristike ovih materijala nisu dovoljno ispitane, kao što su retenciona sila i trajanje "faze uhodavanja". "Faza uhodavanja" je inicijalni period upotrebe teleskopske proteze kada finalna retenciona sila još uvek nije postignuta, i može imati štetni uticaj na parodontalno tkivo ako su u tom periodu sile previsoke i predugo traju. Cilj je bio da se izmeri in vitro ukupna sila razdvajanja teleskopskih kruna, gde su primarne krune izrađene od cirkonijumske keramike, i ispitati trajanje faze uhodavanja. Metode Četrdeset primarnih teleskopskih kruna od cirkonijumske keramike je izrađeno na preparisanim očnjacima. Dvadeset sekundarnih kruna je izrađeno od PEEK-a, i još 20 kruna od cirkonije sa galvanizovanim zlatom. Za merenje sile razdvajanja korišćen je dinamometar. Spajanje i razdvajanje teleskopskih kruna i merenje sile razdvajanja je vršeno dok nije dobijena konstantna vrednost. Rezultati Uzorci iz grupe PEEK pokazali su višu inicijalnu vrednost retencione sile. Faza uhodavanja je završena između 800 i 900 ciklusa razdvajanja kod obe grupe. Kada se uporede individualne vrednosti sile razdvajanja između različitih ciklusa, statistički značajno smanjenje je zabeleženo do 800. ciklusa, dok između 800. i 900. ciklusa nije bilo razlike. Zaključak Faza uhodavanja je završena između 800 i 900 ciklusa razdvajanja u obe grupe. Finalna retenciona sila kod obe testirane grupe pokazala je optimalne vrednosti, koje iznose 5-9 N po teleskopskoj kruni.

Objective The main goal of this review is to provide an in-depth description of published work on the application of zirconia for dental implansts and restorations on titanium implants, with an emphasis on clinical studies from the past dozen years with at least 1-year follow-up. Methods Online databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science) were consulted on this topic. Published work from 2007 to 2019 was collected, analyzed and pertinent articles were selected for inclusion on this review. Results No clear superiority has been documented in biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, physical properties or allergenicity with zirconia implants compared to titanium, notwithstanding an esthetic benefit. While short-term studies have been promising, larger multicentered, longitudinal and randomized clinical trials with success data are required to validate zirconia as a viable alternative to the titanium implant and its design. Zirconia abutments with a titanium base have revealed a high survival rate and show no difference to metal. Bi-layered zirconia ceramic restorations are a valid treatment alternative to metal ceramic implant restorations for single crowns with similar biological complications and enhanced esthetics. Monolithic zirconia restorations hold promise to address the chipping incidence of the bi-layered ceramic restoration, but longer-term studies are necessary, and work needs to be done to improve their esthetics. The gingival feldspathic porcelain veneered monolithic zirconia complete arch prosthesis versus a resin metal prosthesis, in medium-term studies, offers a high survival rate and low mechanical complication rate, reduced laboratory costs, superior durability and wear characteristics, enhanced fit due to digital fabrication, availability of a digital file for duplication in the future, acrylic try-for adjustment and approval, and reduced plaque and biofilm accumulation. Significance Zirconia is a versatile material for implant prosthodontic application. Longer-term multi-centered studies are needed to assess success criteria and patient-related outcomes measurements. Monolithic zirconia offers enhanced mechanical properties for implant restorations, but development is needed to optimize esthetics.

Additive manufacturing (AM) has many advantages and became a valid manufacturing technique for polymers and metals in dentistry. However, its application for dental ceramics is still in process. Among dental ceramics, zirconia is becoming popular and widely used in dentistry mainly due to its outstanding properties. Although subtractive technology or milling is the state of art for manufacturing zirconia restorations but still has shortcomings. Utilizing AM in fabricating ceramics restorations is a new topic for many researchers and companies across the globe and a good understanding of AM of zirconia is essential for dental professional. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to illustrate different AM technologies available for processing zirconia and discus their advantages and future potential. A comprehensive literature review was completed to summarize different AM technologies that are available to fabricate zirconia and their clinical application is reported. The results show a promising outcome for utilizing AM of zirconia in restorative, implant and regenerative dentistry. However further improvements and validation is necessary to approve its clinical application.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite on zirconia ceramic after different surface treatments and thermocycling. Material and Methods: Two hundred and seven zirconia specimens were divided into 9 groups and treated as follows: Group C-no treatment (served as the control); Group PC-Clearfil Ceramic primer (CP); Group PZ-Z-Prime Plus primer (ZP); Group A-sandblasted with 50 µm Al2O3 at 0.25 MPa for 20 s at a distance of 10 mm; Group AC-sandblasted and coated with CP; Group AZ-sandblasted and coated with ZP; Group L-GaAlAs diode laser with 808±5 mm wavelength, 3 watts power, and 10 Hz frequency; Group LC-GaAlAs diode laser coated with CP; and Group LZ-GaAlAs diode laser coated with ZP. All specimens were directly bonded with a resin composite cylinder using Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose. Specimens were stored at 37ºC for 30 days and subjected to 2,500 thermocycles from 5ºC and 55ºC before the SBS was performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (=0.05) were performed. Surface topography changes were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Sandblasting combined with CP or ZP (25.08±0.86 and 24.78±0.13 MPa, respectively) yielded the highest SBS and was significantly different from other methods (p

Recent attempts in the development of novel zirconia ceramics aim at improving its optical characteristics by increasing the yttria content to up to 5 mol% so that these ceramics can be used for the fabrication of stable and esthetic monolithic restorations. However, clinical evidence on the outcomes of such restorations is sparse. In this case report, monolithic inlays, partial crowns, tooth- and implant-supported single crowns, and fixed dental prostheses were fabricated out of a zirconia ceramic doped with 5 mol% yttria. The restorations in the present case history report showed a satisfying esthetic outcome and are in situ as inserted 18 months after insertion.

The purpose of this study was to improve the mechanical performance of stereolithography for dental zirconia ceramic fabrication by optimising the scanning parameters, including laser power, hatchi...

The new inorganic colloid is a particle-free decomposable binder that can solve the nozzle clogging problem and precipitate zirconia particle upon heating. The inorganic colloidal binder can be use...

Bonding surface pretreatment of zirconia ceramic dental restorations with a nanostructured alumina coating (NAC) provides a substantially stronger and durable bond than clinically established air-p...

Objectives It was the aim of this clinical study to evaluate the long-term outcome of 3- to 4-unit posterior all-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made from veneered zirconia ceramic. Methods Between June 2003 and February 2005, 48 patients received 58 restorations. Twenty-four FDPs had a fixed-to-fixed design (FF) and thirty-four FDPs had a cantilever design (CA). Frameworks were scanned and milled out of 3 mol% yttrium-oxide partially-stabilized zirconia ceramic (CerconBase30, Degudent) and were veneered with feldspathic ceramic (CerconCeramS, Degudent). All FDPs were cemented with glass-ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem, 3 MEspe) after air-abrading the inner crown surfaces. Results The mean observation period was 85.4 ± 54 (FF) and 91.7 ± 50 (CA) months, respectively. Ten cantilever FDPs and 5 fixed FDPs were lost due to biological problems of the abutment teeth. Two cantilever FDPs and 4 fixed-to-fixed FDPs were lost due to technical failures of the ceramic materials. The cumulative 13-year survival rate was 43.2% (FF) (CI: 22.8–66.2%) and 52.5% (CA) (CI: 32.5–71.8), respectively. In 13 cases, intraoral repair or polishing of the fractured feldspathic ceramic veneers was needed (7 in group FF, 6 in CA). Eight abutments of six restorations (4 in FF, 4 in CA) had to be treated endodontically and caries therapy was needed in 6 abutment teeth (4 in group FF, 2 in CA). The cumulative 13-year success rate was 29.5% (FF) (CI: 12.1–55.9%) and 22.5% (CA) (CI: 7.9–49.3%). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present investigation, posterior fixed dental prostheses made from veneered zirconia with either a fixed-to fixed or a cantilever design show comparable survival and success rates after 13 years of clinical observation. Clinical Significance FDPs made from veneered zirconia ceramic present high failure and complication rates, irrespective of the design (fixed-to-fixed or cantilevered).

To synthesize a novel purple zirconia ceramic, Nd2O3 was introduced as a colorant to improve the mechanical properties and color properties of purple ceramics. It was found that causes the color and mechanical properties to obey different rules. With increases Nd2O3, the color of purple zirconia ceramics is gradually deepened, corresponding and the negative influence on hardness. In this case, the optimal comprehensive properties of zirconia ceramics can be found at the 4 mol% Nd−2.5YSZ, at which purple zirconia ceramics with an even, continuously adjustable color and positive high-temperature stability can be obtained and used as a new type of environmentally friendly colorful ceramics. Based on their good mechanical and optical properties, these purple ceramics can be widely used in high-tech fields such as mobile phone backplanes, optoelectronics and high-end decorative materials.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of aluminum oxide sandblasting (AOS), argon plasma application (APL) and their combination (AOS+APL) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray Noritake) to two zirconiabased ceramics (Lava, 3M ESPE and Katana, Kuraray Noritake). Material and Methods: One hundred twenty zirconia plates (13 mm in length X 5 mm in width X 1 mm in thickness) were prepared and treated according to the following treatments: 1- AOS, 2- APL,3- AOS+APL and 4- no treatment (control). After treatments, resin cement cylinders (1.4 mm in diameter x 1 mm in height) bonded to zirconia surface were obtained by filling up the silicon matrix. The shear bond test was performed following storage of the samples for 24 hours and one year. Bond strength values were recorded in MPa and the data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (preset alpha of 0.05). Results: In general, AOS and AOS+APL showed the higher SBS. After one-year storage, SBS of the resin cement to the Katana zirconia did not reduce, regardless of the zirconia surface treatment. Conclusion: AOS alone was able to increase the SBS of the resin cement to both zirconia ceramics compared to control and SBS remained stable after one year depending on type of zirconia ceramic.KeywordsAluminum Oxide; Ceramics; Plasma; Resin Cements

Statement of the problem: Zirconia is an acid etching resistant ceramic and may cause difficulty in obtaining a safe bond with it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aging on the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic after being subjected to different surface treatments. Materials & Methods: Forty zirconia samples were constructed in the form of discs by copy milling. All the samples were 5mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness. The samples were divided into four groups according to the type of surface treatment they were subjected to, group1: control, group 2: subjected to etching using hydrofluoric acid 9% , group 3: sandblasting using 50µm Al2O3 particles and group 4 : silica coating using 50µm Al2O3 and 50 µm SiO2 particles. The samples were cemented on the occlusal surface of molar teeth using Rely XTM U200. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the type of test: shear bond strength before aging, shear bond strength after aging. The samples of the second subgroups were thermocycled (5– 55 °C/5,000 cycles) as aging procedure. Shear bond strength was measured. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Result: Results showed that the highest shear bond strength before aging was recorded by the silica coated samples while the lowest shear bond strength was recorded with the hydrofluoric acid etched samples. There was no statistical significant difference between all the tested different surface treated samples regarding shear bond strength before aging except the silica coated samples. After aging, the most affected samples with decrease in the shear bond strength were the control samples while there was no significant difference for the tested surface treatments.Conclusion: Silica coating recorded the highest shear bond strength. Hydrofluoric acid etching and sandblasting are not reliable methods of surface treatment for production of safe and strong bond with zirconia. Aging has a significant effect on the control zirconia samples which showed decrease in the shear bond strength.

Background: currently applied surface treatments for zirconia bonding may create undesired microcracks and surface flaws. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of alternative surface treatments on the shear bond strength of high translucency zirconia to 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing resin-based cement. Methods: fifty disk-shaped specimens (10 mm × 5 mm) were fabricated from a commercial yttria-stabilized zirconia with 5 mole% yttrium oxide tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (5Y-TZP), and underwent air-abrasion with alumina particles (50 μm-AL50 and 90 μm-AL90), glass beads (GB 10–60 μm), and ablation with femtosecond laser (FEMTO). Shear bond strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine under a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Fracture type was evaluated with an optical stereomicroscope. Differences among groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni pairwise comparison tests (p &lt, 0.05). Results: the highest shear bond strength values were presented by the laser treated group (23.97 ± 3.7 MPa). No statistically significant differences were found among the Cl, Al50, Al90 and FEMTO groups. The lowest mean value was presented by the glass-beads treated group (11.93 ± 2.88 MPa) which was significantly lower compared to all other groups (p &lt, 0.001). Conclusions: under the limitations of this in vitro study, femtosecond laser treatment of High-translucent monolithic zirconia (HTZ) ceramics is a promising alternative method for the mechanical retention of resin cements.

Aim. This study aimed to assess shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to zirconia ceramic with different surface treatments by using Single Bond Universal. Methods. In this in vitro study, 50 zirconia discs (2 × 6 mm) were divided into 5 groups of (I) sandblasting with silica-coated alumina (CoJet) + silane + Single Bond 2, (II) sandblasting with CoJet + Single Bond Universal, (III) sandblasting with alumina + Single Bond Universal, (IV) sandblasting with alumina + Z-Prime Plus, and (V) Single Bond Universal with no surface treatment. Resin cement was applied in plastic tubes (3 × 5 mm2), and after 10,000 thermal cycles, the SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope at × 40 magnification. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results. The maximum (6.56 ± 4.29 MPa) and minimum (1.94 ± 1.96 MPa) SBS values were noted in groups III and I, respectively. Group III had the highest frequency of mixed failure (60%). Group V had the maximum frequency of adhesive failure (100%). Conclusion. Single Bond Universal + sandblasting with alumina or silica-coated alumina particles is an acceptable method to provide a strong SBS between resin cement and zirconia.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:49:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of High-Translucency zirconia (HT) and lithium disilicate dental ceramics, under different surface treatments. Material And Methods: For this, ceramics were divided into groups: Control Group (C) (n = 5), lithium disilicate sheets, conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid, followed by application of 37% phosphoric acid, silane and universal adhesive application; Group HTAI (n = 5), HT zirconia sheets were blasted with silica oxide, followed by the application of universal adhesive; Group HTPAI (n = 5), HT zirconia sheets were blasted with silica oxide, followed by the application of non-thermal plasma and universal adhesive and the HTP Group (n = 5), HT zirconia received only the application of non-thermal argon plasma. Subsequently, the specimens of each group were subjected to a cementation process with resin cement, obtaining cylinders. After 24 h of storage, in distilled water, at 37°C, the specimens were subjected to a mechanical micro-shear test. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA One-way followed by the Tukey test (5%). Results: The HTP Group was excluded from the statistical analysis, as adhesions failed within the storage period. In addition, it was not possible to verify a statistical difference between the control group C and the experimental groups HTAI and HTPAI. Conclusion: The results showed that the applicability of high translucency zirconia can potentially be compared to the lithium disilicate bond strength, when submitted to the same surface treatments, except for the plasma application, which alone was not effective. São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Science and Technology São José dos Campos Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Science and Technology São José dos Campos Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics

Osseous implantology&rsquo, s material requirements include a lack of potential for inducing allergic disorders and providing both functional and esthetic features for the patient&rsquo, s benefit. Despite being bioinert, Zirconia ceramics have become a candidate of interest to be used as an alternative to titanium dental and cochlear bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) implants, implying the need for endowing the surface with biologically instructive properties by changing basic parameters such as surface texture. Within this context, we propose anisotropic and isotropic patterns (linear microgroove arrays, and superimposed crossline microgroove arrays, respectively) textured in zirconia substrates, as bioinstructive interfaces to guide the cytoskeletal organization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The designed textured micro-nano interfaces with either steep ridges and microgratings or curved edges, and nanoroughened walls obtained by direct femtosecond laser texturing are used to evaluate the hMSC response parameters and osteogenic differentiation to each topography. Our results show parallel micro line anisotropic surfaces are able to guide cell growth only for the steep surfaces, while the curved ones reduce the initial response and show the lowest osteogenic response. An improved osteogenic phenotype of hMSCs is obtained when grown onto isotropic grid/pillar-like patterns, showing an improved cell coverage and Ca/P ratio, with direct implications for BAHA prosthetic development, or other future applications in regenerating bone defects.

Zirconia ceramic was introduced for femoral heads because of its mechanical strength and fracture toughness. Highly cross-linked polyethylene has been shown to achieve wear reduction compared to conventional polyethylene. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term results of cementless total hip arthroplasty with zirconia femoral heads on highly cross-linked polyethylene.Radiographic measurements of two-dimensional femoral head penetration into the polyethylene were performed with a computerized method (PolyWare) in 93 hips at a mean follow-up of 13 years. The steady-state wear rates were measured based on the radiographs from the first year after surgery to the final follow-up.The mean Merle d'Aubigné and Postel score had improved significantly from 10.9 points preoperatively to 15.3 postoperatively (Zirconia on highly cross-linked polyethylene demonstrated extremely low wear properties at long-term follow-up.

Background: There is no information about the shear bond strengths (SBS) of zirconia ceramic to primary tooth dentin. Aim: To investigate the effect of different surface treatments and cements on the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia ceramic to primary tooth dentin. Materials and Methods: Prepared zirconia bars were distributed into four groups according to surface treatment procedure: control, sandblasting, CoJet and hot etching. The zirconia specimens in each group were further divided into subgroups according to cement (n = 13): self‑adhesive resin (Rely‑X Unicem), resin‑modified glass ionomer (Ketac‑Cem Plus), and universal bioactive (BioCem). Zirconia specimens were bonded to the primary tooth dentin surface by cement. SBS was measured, and the data were subjected to two‑way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Results: Statistical differences were observed in the surface treatment procedures for Rely‑X Unicem (P < 0.05), but no statistically significant differences were found in the sandblasting, CoJet and hot‑etching groups for Ketac‑Cem Plus (P > 0.05). For BioCem, the SBS value for the hot etching group was significantly lower than those for the CoJet and sandblasting groups (P < 0.05). The SBS values for the Rely‑X Unicem subgroups (sandblasting, CoJet and hot etching) were significantly higher than those for the other cements (P

The adhesion property of zirconia powder-incorporated primers was investigated in vitro with the aim of enhancing the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic. A commercial zirconia primer was modified through the addition of 0 (control), 5, 10, 25, and 50 wt% of a zirconia powder (codes: ZP0, ZP5, ZP10, ZP25, and ZP50, respectively). Prior to primer modification, the powder was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The surfaces of dental zirconia ceramic discs were air-abraded and treated with one of the five primers. One resin composite cylinder (diameter: 2.38 mm) was bonded on one specimen surface (n = 12/group). The bonded specimens were all stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37 °C and subjected to 5000 thermal cycles prior to shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The DSC and FTIR analyses confirmed that the zirconia powder contained an organic binder. The SBS test results showed that the groups could be arranged as follows, ZP25 > ZP10 > ZP5 > ZP0, i.e., in descending order of the mean value. The lowest SBS value was obtained for the ZP50 group. The results suggest that the incorporation of a zirconia powder into a primer represents a promising modification method for improving the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic.

The "Window to the Brain" is a transparent cranial implant under development, based on nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (nc-YSZ) transparent ceramic material. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of this material to facilitate brain imaging over time, but the long-term stability of the material over decades in the body is unknown. In this study, the low-temperature degradation (LTD) of nc-YSZ of 3, 6, and 8 mol % yttria is compared before and after accelerated ageing treatments following ISO standards for assessing the ageing resistance of zirconia ceramics. After 100 hr of accelerated ageing (equivalent to many decades of ageing in the body), the samples do not show any signs of phase transformation to monoclinic by X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the mechanical hardness of the samples did not decrease, and changes in optical transmittance from 500 to 1000 nm due to ageing treatments was minimal (below 3% for all samples), and unlikely to be due to phase transformation of surface crystals to monoclinic. These results indicate the nc-YSZ has excellent ageing resistance and can withstand long-term implantation conditions without exhibiting LTD.

Generally speaking, ceramic materials are insensitive to corrosion, compared to most other materials. The present study questions the fact that ceramics are inert. Two major aspects are to be considered: the stability of zirconia over time, the stable tetragonal phase transforming into an unstable monoclinic form, the multitude of manufacturing methods, using various additives, sintering additives, oxides mixing, impurities, grain boundaries, and porosities which strongly influence the corrosion behavior and chemical degradation. In case of the investigated ceramics two paths were pursued:a) Dissolutions of ceramics in a mixture of HNO3 60% and HF 40% ultrapure medium.b) Release of cations from ceramics in various mediums:dental bioceramics in a 0.07 M HCl medium and a 0.1% NaF+0.1% KF medium, ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications in a HCl 0.07 M medium and an artificial sweat medium. By inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), traces of significant chemical elements were assessed: Hf, Cr, Y, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Cu, Se, Sb, La, Ni, Co, Sb, Ta, Te, Ba, Sm, Nb, Hg, Cd, Sr, As and Se. In ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications the concentrations found vary from one ceramic to another, including toxic elements such as Te, Ba, As, Pb, Sm, Hg and Cd, therefore being technical zirconia ceramics which are not intended for the medical field. For ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications a screening identification test for Ni, Co, Cu and Fe with strips of type Merckoquant&reg, (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was also performed. The obtained data prove that the zirconia ceramics in question are far from being &ldquo, inert&rdquo

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to investigate mechanical properties and hydrothermal degradation behaviour of the cubic-containing translucent yttrium oxide stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of Y-TZP (T, ST, XT, and P), containing different amount of cubic crystal, were examined. Specimens were aged by autoclaving at 122℃ under 2 bar pressure for 8 h. Phase transformation was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to measure phase transformation (t→m). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the difference. Surface hardness, biaxial flexural strength, and fracture toughness in values among the experimental groups and verified with Wilcoxon matched pairs test for hardness values and Mann Whitney U for flexural strength and fracture toughness. RESULTS XRD analysis showed no monoclinic phase in XT and P after aging. Only Group T showed statistically significant decreases in hardness after aging. Hydrothermal aging showed a significant decrease in flexural strength and fracture toughness in group T and ST, while group XT and P showed no effect of aging on fractural strength and fracture toughness with P

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of application of two types of zirconia primers on repair bond strength of composite to zirconia ceramic. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 60 zirconia blocks were divided into five groups and subjected to the application of Z-Prime Plus (ZPP), Monobond Plus (MBP), Porcelain Bonding Resin (PBR), ZPP followed by PBR (ZPP+PBR) and MBP followed by PBR (MBP+PBR). They were then bonded to Z100 composite. The samples were then immersed in water at 37°C for 24 hours, thermocycled for 1000 cycles between 5-55°C and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test. The mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The mean bond strength was the highest in ZPP+PBR group followed by MBP+PBR, ZPP, PBR and MBP group (22.29±8.86, 15.75±2.81, 12.02±3.24, 3.60±2.92 and 2.92±1.78 MPa, respectively). The effects of type of zirconia primer and use/no use of PBR on SBS were significant (P

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different surface treatments, executed before and after the sintering process, affect the surface characteristics (roughness and morphology) and shear bond strength of computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) milled zirconia luted with self-adhesive resin cement onto human dentin. Sixty-four rectangular zirconia slabs (6 × 8.5 × 2.3 mm thickness) were prepared using the CAD–CAM system and randomly distributed into two groups according to the moment of treatment, before and after sintering, and four subgroups according to the surface treatment (n = 8): C (untreated; control), AO (aluminum oxide air abrasion), GB (glass beads air abrasion), and HA (etching with hydrofluoric acid). The samples were evaluated using a confocal laser microscope to assess the surface roughness and morphology. For the shear bond strength test, the milled zirconia was cemented onto dentin slabs using self-adhesive resin cement and submitted to the test in a universal testing machine. Data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a universal adhesive and different primers on the bond strength to zirconia ceramic. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five zirconia ceramic samples were obtained and divided into five groups (n=15): G1–Scothbond Universal (SBU); G2 – silane + SBU; G3 - Signum Zirconia Bond; G4 - Z-Prime Plus; G5 - MZ Primer. A cone of composite resin was built. The specimens were stored in 100% relative humidity with distilled water at 37°C for 48 h and then submitted to a tensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The type of failure that occurred during the de-bonding procedure was analyzed. Results: The mean results of the bond strength test (MPa) followed by the same letter represent no statistical difference by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (pa (±6.99), G4=23.71a (±5.65), G1=22.64a (±5.67), G5=13.64b (±5.49), G3=7.54c (±4.75). G2 and G4 exhibited predominantly cohesive failure in the composite resin cone. G1 and G5 had predominantly mixed failures, and G3 exhibited only adhesive failures. Conclusion: The SBU and Z-Prime Plus provided higher bond strength to zirconia ceramic.

Zirconia fixed prosthetic dentures are extensively used for replacing missing teeth. The primary objective of this systematic review was to gather and present the results of all in vitro studies and clinical trials conducted on zirconia fixed prosthetic dentures. This review concentrated exclusively on bilayered zirconia and monolithic fixed prosthetic dentures. As such this paper can act as a guideline for more comparable future experimental work on zirconia ceramics. Future studies must use a more systematic approach such as the uniform use of abutment material, material for simulating periodontal support, data about fracture strength before and after fatigue, number of cycles, information about position and size of the indenter. The new digital techniques with long-term follow-up are desirable in further clinical studies.

Crack-free zirconia ceramics were consolidated via sintering by intense thermal radiation (SITR) approach at 1600–1700°C for 3–5 min. The resulted ceramic bulks can achieve a relative density up to 99.6% with a grain size of 300–1200 nm. Their bending strength, Vickers hardness and indentation toughness values are up to 1244 ± 139 MPa, 13.3 ± 0.3 GPa and 5.5 ± 0.1 MPa m1/2, respectively. Quantitative Raman and XRD analysis show the presence of minor m phase on the natural surface (

The relationship between synthesis conditions, structure, and properties of the baddeleyite-based engineering nanostructured composite zirconia ceramic (natural zirconia mineral) with modifying alloying elements is studied. The elaborated composites possess high physical and mechanical properties at a level that is not only not inferior, but even superior to those of analogous ceramics prepared from precipitated zirconia (e.g., density is 0.95 of the theoretical value, the hardness reaches 12 GPa, the Young modulus is 220 ± 15 GPa, and the fracture toughness reaches 9 MPa m0.5). The embedding of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is shown to alter the physical and mechanical properties of ceramics: the hardness is somewhat reduced, but fracture toughness KC gains more than 10%.

Objective To assess the change in surface roughness of nanohybrid resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram) after antagonist wear against monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics through a simulated chewing test using a three-dimensional (3D) profilometer. Methods A total of 40 Tetric EvoCeram™ resin composite specimens against either a Lava™ Plus zirconia antagonist (n = 20) or IPS e.max Press lithium disilicate antagonist (n = 20) were prepared for the study. The surface roughness profiles of each resin composite before and after an in-vitro simulated chewing test were analysed using a 3D profilometer and Talymap software. After the simulated chewing, the surface profiles of representative Tetric EvoCeram specimens from each group were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results For both lithium disilicate and zirconia groups, all surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rt, Sa, Sq,) of Tetric EvoCeram were significantly higher post-chewing compared to pre-chewing (p < 0.05); the post-chewing surface roughness parameters of Tetric EvoCeram for the lithium disilicate group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the zirconia group. Significance This chewing simulation test showed that Tetric EvoCeram composites exhibited a rougher surface when opposing lithium disilicate ceramic compared to opposing zirconia ceramic.

Zirconia ceramic is a popular trend in esthetic and restorative dentistry. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems have been well developed to fabricate zirconia frameworks and restorations with acceptable mechanical properties. Zirconia ceramics have excellent optical characteristics; however, achieving optimal esthetic outcomes with zirconia-based restorations is still challenging due to multiple effective factors on the final color. These factors are different layers of a zirconia-based restoration and its underlying structures including: dental substrate, cement, zirconia coping, veneering ceramic, and glaze. Moreover, the laboratory procedure of these restorations' fabrication is another effective factor on the resultant color. Unpredictable esthetic results may be obtained without estimation of the role of each factor and its effect on the final color. This review discussed the color aspect of zirconia-based restorations according to these factors and based on the literature. In the past decade, investigators have been concerned with the shade reproduction with zirconia-based restorations; however, there are no sufficient clinical guidelines on how to reproduce the appearance of natural teeth with these restorations. Zirconia-based restorations have presented a new chance for accomplishing optimum esthetics. Nonetheless further investigations are needed on these restorations to establish clinical guidelines on esthetics.

PURPOSE This study analyzed the effect of different sintering times on the marginal adaptation of zirconia ceramic copings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty copings of pre-sintered 3Y-TZP blanks were milled and subsequently sintered in a special furnace for three different durations (n = 10 per group). The sintering time was 1 hour, 15 minutes for IPS e.max ZirCAD, 4 hours 20 minutes for Speed ZrO2, and 7 hours 20 minutes for the conventional ZrO2 group. The marginal gaps of specimens were measured at 18 spots on the master die by employing a digital microscope. One-way ANOVA test compared the mean differences among the 3 groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean values for the marginal gap of the IPS e.max ZirCAD, Speed ZrO2 , and conventional ZrO2 groups were 41.06 ± 14.03, 43.03 ± 11.67, and 39.88 ± 15.23 μm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding the marginal gap. CONCLUSION Different sintering times did not alter the marginal fit of the zirconia copings. The mean values of the marginal gap were within the clinically acceptable level for all three groups.

Statement of problem The masking ability of zirconia ceramics as copings is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of coping thickness and background type on the masking ability of a zirconia ceramic and to determine zirconia coping thickness cut offs for masking the backgrounds investigated. Material and methods Thirty zirconia disks in 3 thickness groups of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm were placed on 9 backgrounds to measure CIELab color attributes using a spectrophotometer. The backgrounds included A1, A2, and A3.5 shade composite resin, A3 shade zirconia, nickel-chromium alloy, nonprecious gold-colored alloy, amalgam, black, and white. ΔE values were measured to determine color differences between the specimens on the A2 shade composite resin background and the same specimens on the other backgrounds. The color change (ΔE) values were compared with threshold values for acceptability (ΔE=5.5) and perceptibility (ΔE=2.6). Repeated measures ANOVA, the Bonferroni test, and 1-sample t tests were used to analyze data (α=.05). Results Mean ΔE values ranged between 1.44 and 7.88. The zirconia coping thickness, the background type, and their interaction affected the CIELab and ΔE values ( P Conclusions To achieve ideal masking, the minimum thickness of a zirconia coping should be 0.4 mm for A1 and A3.5 shade composite resin, A3 shade zirconia, and nonprecious gold-colored alloy, 0.6 mm for amalgam, and 0.8 mm for nickel-chromium alloy.

This study assessed the potential of porous zirconia ceramic as an alternative to dentin via an in vitro dentin barrier cytotoxicity test. The permeability of dentin and porous zirconia ceramic was measured using a hydraulic-conductance system, and their permeability was divided into two groups: high and low. Using an in vitro dentin barrier test, the cytotoxicity of dental materials by dentin and porous zirconia ceramic was compared within the same permeability group. The L-929 cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The mean (SD) permeability of the high and low group for dentin was 0.334 (0.0873) and 0.147 (0.0377) μl min−1 cm−2 cm H2O−1 and for zirconia porous ceramic was 0.336 (0.0609) and 0.146 (0.0340) μl min−1 cm−2 cm H2O−1. The cell viability of experimental groups which are the low permeability group was higher than that of the high permeability group for both dentin and porous zirconia ceramic as a barrier except for Maxcem Elite™ by porous zirconia ceramic. There was no significant difference between dentin and porous zirconia ceramic in cell viability, within either the high or low permeability group for all materials. The SD for cell viability of the porous zirconia ceramic was less than that of the dentin, across all materials within each permeability group, except for Maxcem Elite™ in the high permeability group. Porous zirconia ceramic, having similar permeability to dentin at the same thickness, can be used as an alternative to dentin for in vitro dentin barrier cytotoxicity tests. In vitro dentin barrier cytotoxicity tests when a standardized porous zirconia ceramic was used as a barrier could be useful for assessing the potential toxicity of new dental materials applied to dentin before applying in clinical and may resolve the issue of procuring human teeth when testing proceeds.

The relationship between synthesis conditions, structure, and properties of baddeleyite-based engineering nanostructured zirconia ceramics is studied in this work. Mined at the Kovdor beneficiation plant (Murmansk oblast), baddeleyite is a domestic material that is much cheaper when compared to its analogue, synthetic ZrO2, conveniently used in the production of zirconia ceramics. Zirconia ceramic with a grain size of 100–150 nm and a relative density of above 99% is fabricated, wherein a high hardness (13.3 GPa) and a fracture toughness (13.2 MPa m0.5) are combined.

38th Annual Conference of the European-Prosthodontic-Association -- SEP, 2014 -- Istanbul, TURKEY Cogun, Can/0000-0001-5045-2767; Gurun, Hakan/0000-0001-6189-6830 WOS: 000402346600009 PubMed: 27575994 Purpose: The study determined (i) the effects of electrical discharge machining (EDM) on the shear-bond strength (SBS) of the bond between luting resin and zirconia ceramic and (ii) zirconia ceramic's flexural strength with the three-point bending (TPB) test. Methods: Sixty 4.8 mm x 4.8 mm x 3.2 mm zirconia specimens were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 15): SBG: sandblasted + silane, TSCG: tribochemical silica coated + silane, LTG: Er:YAG laser treated + silane, EDMG: EDM + silane. The specimens were then bonded to a composite block with a dual-cure resin cement and thermal cycled (6000 times) prior to SBS testing. The SBS tests were performed in a universal testing machine. The SBS values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. To determine flexural strength, sixty zirconia specimens were prepared and assigned to the same groups (n = 15) mentioned earlier. After surface treatment TPB tests were performed in a universal testing machine (ISO 6872). The flexural strength values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). Results: The bond strengths for the four test groups (mean SD; MPa) were as follows: SBG (Control), 12.73 +/- 3.41, TSCG, 14.99 +/- 3.14, LTG, 7.93 +/- 2.07, EDMG, 17.05 +/- 2.71. The bond strength of the EDMG was significantly higher than those of the SBG and LTG (p < 0.01). The average flexural strength values for the groups SBG (Control), TSCG, LTG and EDMG were 809.47, 800.47, 679.19 and 695.71 MPa, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The EDM process improved the SBS. In addition, there was no significant adverse effect of EDM on the flexural strength of zirconia. (C) 2016 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. European Prosthodont Assoc Ondokuz Mayis University Scientific Research Coordination [1904.10.010] Supported by Ondokuz Mayis University Scientific Research Coordination by grant no. 1904.10.010.

Background. The color masking ability of a restoration plays a significant role in covering a discolored substructure; however, this optical property of zirconia ceramics has not been clearly determined yet. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color masking ability of a zirconia ceramic on substrates with different values. Methods. Ten zirconia disk specimens,0.5 mm in thickness and 10 mm in diameter, were fabricated by a CAD/CAM system. Four substrates with different values were prepared, including: white (control), light grey, dark grey, and black. The disk specimens were placed over the substrates for spectrophotometric measurements. A spectrophotometer measured the L*, a*, and b* color attributes of the specimens. Additionally, ΔE values were calculated to determine the color differences be-tween each group and the control, and were then compared with the perceptional threshold of ΔE=2.6. Repeated-measures ANOVA, Bonferroni, and one-sample t-test were used to analyze data. All the tests were carried out at 0.05 level of significance. Results. The means and standard deviations of ΔE values for the three groups of light grey, dark grey and black were 9.94±2.11, 10.40±2.09, and 13.34±1.77 units, respectively. Significant differences were detected between the groups in the ΔE values (P2.6) (P

A micro-slurry jet (MSJ) was used for removing microscopic cracks and microstructural defects on surfaces of dental ceramics, in which the MSJ functioned as a wet blasting machine using mixed alumina particles and water to spray workpiece surfaces by a compressed air. Plate specimens made from a composite resin ceramic (CERASMART 270) and a zirconia ceramic (KZR-CAD Zr) were prepared using a dental computer-aided manufacturing system. The results indicate that the MSJ processing has removed the microscopic cracks and defects on surfaces of the composite resin ceramic, and improved the material bending strength. In comparison, the MSJ processing created spraying patterns on zirconia surfaces due to the movement of the MSJ injection nozzle. The bending strength of the MSJ processed zirconia was slightly deteriorated because of the MSJ-induced patterns which might have led to stress concentrations on the ceramic surfaces.

High solid loading water-based zirconia slurries for direct ink writing had been successfully prepared in this paper. The water-soluble epoxy resin and sodium polyacrylate were used as the binder and dispersant, respectively. The effect of solid loading on the rheological properties of zirconia slurries was systematically investigated. The 54–58 vol.% zirconia slurries exhibited suitable printability for direct ink writing. After sintering at 1550 °C for 2 h, the properties of sintered zirconia ceramic specimens including linear shrinkage, relative density, flexural strength, tensile strength and microstructure were examined by a series of test methods. Further, the intrinsic relationships between the solid loading and physical and mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic specimens were explored. The experimental results showed that the densification and strength of sintered zirconia ceramic could be significantly improved by increasing the solid loading of zirconia due to the less content of organic matter and water. The maximum relative density, flexural strength and tensile strength of the sintered specimens were 98.8% ,676 ± 10 MPa and 92 ± 5 MPa, respectively, when the zirconia solid loading was 58 vol.%.

In dentistry, all ceramic restorations were widely used because of perfect esthetic, especially the zirconia ceramic. Now in digital dentistry, zirconia dental restorations are mostly made from digital manufacturing system such as the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) or three-dimension printing (3DP). After producing, the sintering process is indispensable due to the increase in the mechanical properties. Notably, the side effect of shrinkage of the sintering process is difficult to predict or control and cannot be studied deeply. Reflecting the accurate of zirconia restoration is lower, especially the most important factor of restoration fitness. So the poor fitness of restoration easily leads to secondary caries or micro leakage that the tooth will decay again and the remaining teeth will need to be removed completely. In this paper, the 3DP is the target manufacturing process to avoid the high cost of CAD/CAM processing; the 3DP product needs to be of high precision after the sintering process. However, the shrinkage of the 3DP product is difficult to predict and cannot be studied deeply. Therefore, different shrinkage rates of experimental pieces following the manufacturer’s instructions of the sintering process are first predicted in CAE analysis, experimental design, and regression analysis. The results are then applied in the manufacture of incisor restoration to verify the shrinkage. This can make the restoration fit in the patient’s mouth properly and reduce the medical operation time. It helps the 3DP to successfully apply the dentures.