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The present study investigated the effects of different deep‐frying times and temperatures on the amylose content, crystal structure, thermodynamics, and other properties of deep‐fried dough sticks. Results showed that the change of amylose content in deep‐fried dough sticks during the deep‐frying process was positively correlated with time and temperature. Moreover, the deep‐frying process of deep‐fried dough sticks was accompanied by the formation of starch–lipid complexes that led to the destruction of starch structure. The degreased sample and the oil sample had the same absorption peaks at 2854 and 1746 cm−1, respectively. The melting enthalpy (ΔH) of the starch–lipid complex decreased significantly. In addition, the viscosity of starch reduced as the deep‐frying time and temperature increased. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of increasing deep‐frying temperature was greater than that of time. Practical Application: As a popular deep‐fried food, the main component of deep‐fried dough sticks is starch. Starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and interaction among components occurred during deep‐frying. At present, there are few studies focusing on the properties of starch in deep‐fried dough sticks in the real deep‐frying system. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research by measuring the effects of different deep‐frying conditions on the properties of starch in deep‐fried dough sticks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marbofloxacin (MB) is a newly developed fluoroquinolone antibiotic used especially as a veterinary drug. It may be regarded as the improved version of enrofloxacin owing to its antibacterial activity, enhanced bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) properties. In this study, nine heavy rare-earth ions (Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were selected in light of their potential antibacterial activity and satisfactory biosafety to afford the corresponding rare-earth metal complexes of MB: the MB–Ln series. Their chemical structures and coordination patterns were characterized using IR spectroscopy, HRMS, TGA, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Our results confirmed that all the MB–Ln complexes yielded the coincident coordination modes with four MB ligands coordinating to the Ln(III) center. In vitro antibacterial screening on five typical bacteria strains revealed that the MB–Ln complexes exhibited antibacterial activities comparable with MB, as indicated by the MIC/MBC values, in which Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were the most sensitive ones to MB–Ln. Furthermore, the MB–Ln complexes were found to be much less toxic in vivo than MB, as suggested by the evaluated LD50 (50% lethal dose) values. All the MB–Ln series complexes fell in the LD50 range of 5000–15 000 mg kg−1, while the LD50 value of MB was only 1294 mg kg−1. Furthermore, MB–Lu, as the selected representative of MB–Ln, could effectively inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase, the same as MB, suggesting the primary antibacterial mechanism of the MB–Ln series. The results demonstrated the good prospects and potential of metal-based veterinary drugs with better drug performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of two‐dimensional (2D) materials promise exotic properties beyond the reach of existing material systems and open unprecedented opportunities for device applications. Here, it is demonstrated that vdW stacking of centrosymmetric ReS2 and graphene into heterostructure could induce strong second harmonic generation (SHG), though there is not any SHG from the individual ReS2 or graphene. It could be attributed to the interfacial charge transfer in the heterostructure. With the distorted 1T crystal structure of ReS2 and electrostatic screening effect, the charge transfer gives rise to non‐uniform charge distribution across the ReS2's atomic layers, resulting in the broken centrosymmetry for the second‐order hyperpolarizability. At the specific pump wavelength of 1550 nm, the strength of the induced SHG in a trilayer ReS2/graphene vdW heterostructure is approximately twice of that from a monolayer MoS2. This work reveals vdW stacking is a simple and efficient method for inducing SHG in 2D materials with centrosymmetry, which could be considered as another unique attribute of 2D materials. It also indicates that SHG spectroscopy is a valid technique for probing charge transfer and distribution in heterostructures of 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds are important heterocyclic substances with extensive future applications for energetic materials due to their outstanding density and excellent physicochemical properties. However, the weak intermolecular interactions of these compounds are not clear, which severely limits their widespread application. Three nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds were chosen to detect their molecular geometry, stacking mode and intermolecular interactions by crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, RDG and ESP. The results show that all atoms in each molecule are coplanar and that the stacking mode of the three crystals is a planar layer style. A large amount of inter- and intramolecular interaction exists in the three crystals. All principal types of intermolecular contacts in the three crystals are N···H interactions and they account for 40.9%, 38.9% and 32.9%, respectively. Hydrogen bonding, vdW interactions and steric effects in Crystal c are stronger than in Crystals a and b. The negative ESPs all concentrate on the nitrogen atoms in the three molecules. This work is expected to benefit the crystal engineering of heterocyclic energetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal and molecular structures, intermolecular interactions, and energy of CL-20, HATO, and FOX-7 were comparatively predicted based on molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. By comparison, the 2D fingerprint plot, Hirshfeld surface, reduced density gradient isosurface, and electrostatic potential surface were studied to detect the intermolecular interactions. Meanwhile, the effects of vacuum and different solvents on the crystal habit of CL-20, HATO, and FOX-7 were studied by AE and MAE model, respectively. The energy calculation was also analysed based on the equilibrium structures of these crystal models by MD simulations. Our results would provide fundamental insights for the crystal engineering of energetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new two‐dimensional (2D) coordination polymer, namely, poly[[diaqua[μ3‐(S)‐2‐(benzylamino)succinato‐κ4N,O1:O1′:O4]cadmium(II)] monohydrate], {[Cd(C11H11NO4)(H2O)2]·H2O}n, has been synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O with the synthesized ligand (S)‐2‐(benzylamino)succinic acid (H2L). The title compound has been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the crystal structure, each CdII cation binds to three carboxylate groups from three symmetry‐related L2− dianions. The tetradentate L2− ligand links three symmetry‐related CdII cations into a 2D folding sheet, which can be simplified as a uninodal (3,3)‐connected hcb net with the point symbol (63). In the lattice, all the folding sheets are arranged in an interdigitated fashion and aggregate into zipper‐like arrays through interlayer π–π interactions. The large and nonpolar side chain may play an important role in the formation and aggregation of the 2D sheet. The thermal stability and photoluminescence properties of the title compound were investigated, and it exhibits a blue emission with a quantum yield of 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new two‐dimensional (2D) coordination polymer, namely, poly[[diaqua‐[μ4‐2,2′‐[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetato]calcium(II)] monohydrate], {[Ca(C12H10N2O6)(H2O)2]·H2O}n, (I), has been synthesized by the reaction of CaCl2 with 2,2′‐[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetic acid (H2L). The title compound was structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. In the crystal structure of (I), each CaII cation binds to six carboxylate groups from four symmetry‐related L2− dianions. The hexadentate L2− ligand links four symmetry‐related calcium cations into a 2D layer‐like structure, which can be simplified as a uninodal SP 2‐periodic (3,6)III net with the point symbol (43·63). In the lattice, all layers pack in parallel arrays through weak interlayer hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. The thermal stability and photoluminescence properties of (I) have been investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the different thermal stabilities of the two coordinated water molecules due to their different hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The title coordination polymer exhibits an excitation‐wavelength‐dependent fluorescence in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes, [Zn2L(μ2-η1:η1-OAc)2(OAc)(CH3OH)] (1), [Zn2Cl2L2] (2), [Zn2Br2L2] (3), [CuL(μ1,3-N3)]n (4) and [Cu3(μ-Cl)2Cl2L2] (5), were prepared from the tridentate Schiff base 5-bromo-2((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol (HL). The complexes were characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques. Structures of the complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The Zn ions in 1 are in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. The Zn ions in 2 and 3 are in square pyramidal coordination. The Cu ion in 4 is in square pyramidal coordination. The Cu ions in 5 are in square pyramidal and square planar coordination. The Schiff base ligand coordinates to the metal ions through the phenolate O, and imino and amino N atoms. The complexes were evaluated for their antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescence) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) activities by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation, Crystal Structure and Antibacterial Performance of Two Transition Metal Carbacylamidophosphates Complexes. [Display omitted] • Two transition metal complexes based on carbamidophosphate ligand were prepared by the simple solvent evaporation method. • The antibacterial test shows that both the ligand and the complex had certain antibacterial activity. Compounds with carbacylamidophosphates (CAPh) structures exhibited strong coordination abilities due to its heteroatoms such as O, N, and P. After coordinated with metal ions, the complexes usually show good antibacterial activity. Alfalfa is known as the vanguard for soil conservation and the crown of herbage. White hypha disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc has become a major disease in yield decrease. However, there are relatively few researches on the treatment white hypha disease with complexes. Based on this, two Fe(III) and Cu(III) complexes based on CAPh structure were synthesized in this study, their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and physicochemical properties were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. The antibacterial test shows that complexes has good activity for Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, and the complexes usually exhibit better antibacterial activity than ligands. The antibacterial activity of MFL-Fe at 20 mg/mL is as high as 49.49 %. This provides a certain reference for treatment of alfalfa powdery mildew with complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Cd(II) complex, [Cd(H4pbidc)(H2O)] n (1), incorporating 2,2′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1H- imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid) (H6pbidc) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. In complex 1, each Cd(II) ion is hepta-coordinated, showing a significantly distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal coordination environment. Adjacent Cd(II) ions are alternately joined through two carboxylate oxygen atoms and two bridging water molecules resulting in a one-dimensional chain structure. In the solid state, adjacent chains are further linked by hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Meanwhile, the interactions of complex 1 with bovine serum albumin were analysed by fluorescence measurements under physiological conditions. The results indicated that the fluorescence intensity of bovine serum albumin was decreased considerably upon the addition of complex 1 through a static quenching mechanism with formation of one binding site. The negative values of the thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy change (Δ H), entropy change (Δ S) and Gibbs free energy change (Δ G) showed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were the main interactions in the binding of complex 1 to bovine serum albumin, and the binding process is spontaneous in thermodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N'-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (H2L) was used as ligand to prepare new oxidovanadium(V) complex [VOL(OMe)(MeOH)] (1) and new dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex [MoO2L(MeOH)] (2). The two complexes were characterized on the basis of their FT-IR, UV, 1H NMR spectra, and molar conductivity. Crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, which show that the hydrazone ligand coordinates as a di-valent anion with its tridentate O, N, O donors derived from the enolic and phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The V ion in 1 is in octahedral coordination, with three donors of the hydrazone ligand and with the remaining sites furnished by one deprotonated methanol oxygen, one neutral methanol oxygen, and one oxo oxygen. The Mo ion in 2 is in octahedral coordination, with three donors of the hydrazone ligand and with the remaining sites furnished by one neutral methanol oxygen and two oxo oxygen atoms. Molecular structures of 1 and 2 are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The hydrazone and the complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity and showed good activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of oxidovanadium(V) complexes, [VOLa-cL′] (L′ = ethyl maltolate), were synthesized by reaction of VOSO4 with the aroylhydrazones 2-amino-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (H2La), N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxylbenzohydrazide (H2Lb) and N′-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) pivalohydrazide (H2Lc), respectively. The complexes were characterized by physico-chemical methods. Molecular structures of the complexes were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The V ions in the three complexes are coordinated by three donor atoms of the aroylhydrazone ligands, two donor atoms of the ethyl maltolate ligand, and one oxo group. Biological study of the complexes indicates that they are insulin-like agents, which stimulated glucose utilization in a dose dependent manner over the concentration range 125 μM to 1 mM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report here the synthesis, characterization of seventeen (E)-2-methyl-3-ferrocenyl- N -acrylamides. The single crystal structures of the key intermediate b and two target compounds d5 and d6 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Antitumor activity of all compounds was tested in vitro. Compound d1 was the most significant one against B16 F10 cell line, indicating that it could be a good candidate for further study. Furthermore, cancer cell apoptosis assay was performed and the result indicated that compound d1 effectively fueled B16 F10 cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Total seventeen (E)-2-methyl-3-ferrocenyl- N -acrylamides were synthesized. • Compounds b , d5 and d6 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic diffraction. • d1 exhibited significant antitumor activity and effectively fueled cells apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sintering-CO2 decomposition process for preparation of pseudo-boehmite is proposed for clean valorization of high-alumina fly ash. The effects of different synthesis conditions on the crystal structure and textual properties of the pseudo-boehmite were studied systematically. The results showed that the main product was NaAlCO3(OH)2 when the decomposition terminal pH was below 9.5, and the optimal terminal pH for the pseudo-boehmite (PB) product was 10.5. The optimal aging time was 4 h, and the peptization ratio of PB reached 97.5% when the aging temperature was 90°C. Under decomposition conditions of 30 g/L initial alumina concentration in liquid phase and temperature of 40°C, followed by 4 h of aging treatment, the specific surface area of PB was 425 m2/g. The pore volume of PB product reached 0.6920 cm3/g at decomposition conditions of 40 g/L and 30°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H3IDC) and its derivatives are widely used in the preparation of new coordination polymers owing to their versatile bridging coordination modes and potential hydrogen‐bonding donors and acceptors. A new one‐dimensional coordination polymer, namely catena‐poly[[diaquacadmium(II)]‐μ3‐2,2′‐(1,2‐phenylene)bis(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylato)], [Cd(C16H6N4O8)0.5(H2O)2]n or [Cd(H2Phbidc)1/2(H2O)2]n, has been synthesized by the reaction of Cd(OAc)2·2H2O (OAc is acetate) with 2,2′‐(1,2‐phenylene)bis(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid) (H6Phbidc) under solvothermal conditions. In the polymer, one type of Cd ion (Cd1) is six‐coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from one H2Phbidc4− ligand and by two O atoms from two water molecules, forming a significantly distorted octahedral CdN2O4 coordination geometry. In contrast, the other type of Cd ion (Cd2) is six‐coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from two symmetry‐related H2Phbidc4− ligands and by two O atoms from two symmetry‐related water molecules, leading to a more regular octahedral coordination geometry. The Cd1 and Cd2 ions are linked by H2Phbidc4− ligands into a one‐dimensional chain which runs parallel to the b axis. In the crystal, the one‐dimensional chains are connected through hydrogen bonds, generating a two‐dimensional layered structure parallel to the ab plane. Adjacent layers are further linked by hydrogen bonds, forming a three‐dimensional structure in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Programming self‐assembled designer DNA crystals with various lattices and functions is one of the most important goals for nanofabrication using nucleic acids. The resulting porous materials possess atomic precision for several potential applications that rely on crystalline lattices and cavities. Herein, we present a rationally designed and self‐assembled 3D DNA crystal lattice with hexagonal symmetry. In our design, two 21‐base oligonucleotides are used to form a duplex motif that further assembles into a 3D array. The interactions between the strands are programmed using Watson–Crick base‐pairing. The six‐fold symmetry, as well as the chirality, is directed by the Holliday junctions formed between the duplex motifs. The rationally designed DNA crystal provides a new avenue that could create self‐assembled macromolecular 3D crystalline lattices with atomic precision. In addition, the structure contains a highly organized array of well‐defined cavities that are suitable for future applications with immobilized guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge for achieving better energetic materials is to increase their density. In this paper, cocrystals of HNIW (2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane, often referred to as CL‐20) with TNT (2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene) were synthesized using ethanol in a green chemical method. The cocrystal was formulated as C13H11N15O18 and possesses a higher density (1.934 g cm−3) than published previously (1.846 g cm−3). This high‐density cocrystal possesses a new structure, which can be substantiated by the different types of hydrogen bonds. The predominant driving forces that connect HNIW with TNT in the new cocrystal were studied at ambient conditions using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that the structure of the new HNIW/TNT cocrystals consists of three one‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded chains exploiting the familiar HNIW–TNT multi‐component supramolecular structure, in which two hydrogen‐bonded chains are between —NO2 (HNIW) and —CH (TNT), and one hydrogen‐bonded chain is between —CH (HNIW) and —NO2 (TNT). The changes to the electron binding energy and type of element in the new cocrystal were traced using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the physicochemical characteristics alter after cocrystallization due to the hydrogen bonding. It was found that the new HNIW/TNT cocrystal is more thermodynamically stable than HNIW. Thermodynamic aspects of new cocrystal decomposition are investigated in order to explain this observation. The detonation velocity of new HNIW/TNT cocrystals is 8631 m s−1, close to that of HNIW, whereas the mechanical sensitivity is lower than HNIW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, GaAs nanowires with different V/III ratios (70, 140, 280 and 560) were vertically grown from bottom to top on GaAs substrates by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition based on gold assisted vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. It is found that the growth rate of nanowires is inversely proportional to their V/III ratio. And the V/III ratio can also change nanowire growth type. For the nanowire with small V/III ratios (≤280), the reactants are most from those atoms merged in the catalyst. But, for the nanowire with V/III ratio 560, the contribution mainly comes from the diffusions of atoms pyrolyzed on the surface of the nanowire and the substrate. A shrunken neck under the catalyst is observed in TEM characterizations. These results will provide a theoretical basis for potential practical applications of nanowire-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, N‐heterocyclic carboxylate ligands have attracted much interest in the preparation of new coordination polymers since they contain N‐atom donors, as well as O‐atom donors, and have a rich variety of coordination modes which can lead to polymers with intriguing structures and interesting properties. A new two‐dimensional coordination polymer, namely poly[[μ3‐2,2′‐(1,2‐phenylene)bis(4‐carboxy‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylato)‐κ6O4,N3,N3′,O4′:O5:O5′]manganese(II)], [Mn(C16H8N4O8)]n or [Mn(H4Phbidc)]n, has been synthesized by the reaction of Mn(OAc)2·4H2O (OAc is acetate) with 2,2′‐(1,2‐phenylene)bis(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid) (H6Phbidc) under solvothermal conditions. In the polymer, each MnII ion is six‐coordinated by two N atoms from one H4Phbidc2− ligand and by four O atoms from three H4Phbidc2− ligands, forming a significantly distorted octahedral MnN2O4 coordination geometry. The MnII ions are linked by hexadentate H4Phbidc2− ligands, leading to a two‐dimensional structure parallel to the ac plane. In the crystal, adjacent layers are further connected by N—H…O hydrogen bonds, forming a three‐dimensional structure in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of 2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane-1,3-diol (H3L) with CuCl2⋅2H2O affords a new copper complex, [ClCu(H2L)], which has been determined using X-ray crystallography. In the solid, copper atom is four-coordinated by two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom from the ligand and one chlorine atom. Electrochemical studies show that the complex can act as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from a dimethylformamide solution of acetic acid and a neutral buffer (pH = 7.0) with a turnover frequency of 46.2 and 482 moles of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per hour at an overpotential of 941.6 and 837.6 mV, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to develop a novel solvent system to prepare spherically agglomerated crystals (SAC) of ascorbic acid with improved flowability for direct compression. A spherical agglomeration method was developed by selecting the mixed solvents (n-butyl and ethyl acetate) as a poor solvent and the process was further optimized by using triangular phase diagram and particle vision measurement. Physiochemical properties of SAC were characterized and compared with original drug crystals. It showed that amount of poor solvent, ratio of solvent mixture, and drug concentration are critical for preparation of SAC with desirable properties. The solid state of SAC was same as original crystals according to DSC, XRD, and FT-IR results. There was no significant difference in solubility and dissolution rate of drug between SAC and original crystals. The flowability and packability of SAC as well as the tensile strength and elastic recovery of tablets made from SAC were all significantly improved when compared with original crystals and tablets from crystals. It is concluded that the present method was suitable to prepare SAC of ascorbic acid for direct compression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A series of novel green emission Whitlockite-type Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+ and color tunable Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors were prepared by the solid-state reaction method in a reducing atmosphere. Its crystal structure and phase composition were identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electronic diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction Rietveld refinement, and it was found to be trigonal, belonging to R-3 c(161) space group. The luminescence properties of Eu2+ singly doped and Eu2+/Mn2+ codoped Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7 phosphors were revealed in detail. Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+ is excitable over a broad range from 200 to 450 nm with a prominent green emitting. With varied Eu2+/Mn2+ ratios, fine-tune emission under 365 nm excitation can be achieved from green (0.221, 0.468) to magenta (0.391, 0.276), especially the warm white light (0.392, 0.352), and CCT 3500 K can be obtained by the process of energy transfer between Eu2+ and Mn2+. The ET mechanism in this system is managed via the dipole-dipole interaction with the maximum energy-transfer efficiency 82.8% based on the decay lifetime data. These results suggest that as-prepared phosphors can serve as promising candidates of UV-pumped w- LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel green emission Whitlockite-type Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+ and color tunable Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors were prepared by the solid-state reaction method in a reducing atmosphere. Its crystal structure and phase composition were identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electronic diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction Rietveld refinement, and it was found to be trigonal, belonging to R-3 c(161) space group. The luminescence properties of Eu2+ singly doped and Eu2+/Mn2+ codoped Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7 phosphors were revealed in detail. Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+ is excitable over a broad range from 200 to 450 nm with a prominent green emitting. With varied Eu2+/Mn2+ ratios, fine-tune emission under 365 nm excitation can be achieved from green (0.221, 0.468) to magenta (0.391, 0.276), especially the warm white light (0.392, 0.352), and CCT 3500 K can be obtained by the process of energy transfer between Eu2+ and Mn2+. The ET mechanism in this system is managed via the dipole-dipole interaction with the maximum energy-transfer efficiency 82.8% based on the decay lifetime data. These results suggest that as-prepared phosphors can serve as promising candidates of UV-pumped w- LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the compound eyes of the mosquito, the uniform hierarchical structures with antireflectivity and superhydrophobicity has been designed and prepared by spinning technology. Microscale silica spheres and nanoscale colloidal particles were assembled on glass substrate to produce binary structures. To enhance the hydrophobicity, particles were modified by N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropylmethylbimethoxy silane (KH-602) before deposition. And annealing process was used to strengthen the mechanical robustness. The resultant structures exhibited low reflections of less than 0.5%, and high static water contact angle (WCA) of larger than 160°. Furthermore, tape adhesion test and washing test showed that the artificial nano-/micro- structures had excellent mechanical robustness. Meanwhile the superhydrophobic surface owned the capacities of self-cleaning ability and chemical stability. We anticipate that these advantages could potentially enhance the performance of optoelectronic devices and help them to survive in terrible environment. Moreover, this self-assembly method is facile, cost effective, and suitable for high-throughput fabrication of binary colloidal arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CeO nano-octahedrons with an edge length of 30-50 nm have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method employing Ce(OH)CO hierarchical structures as precursors, deionized water as solvent, and without using any precipitator and surfactant. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman scattering, and M-H curve were employed to characterize the samples. The results showed that the CeO nano-octahedrons have a cubic fluorite structure and there are Ce ions and oxygen vacancies in surface of samples. The hierarchical structures gradually transform into octahedron-like with the increase of the reaction time. The possible formation mechanism based on oriented attachment and dissolution and reconstruction of nanoparticles was proposed. The M-H curve of CeO nano-octahedrons exhibits excellent room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM), which is likely attributed to the effects of the Ce ions and oxygen vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new 4H-SiC trench-gate IGBT structure incorporated a P + shielding region in the emitter side is proposed in order to reduce the on-state voltage drop. Through the 2-D ATLAS simulation, the characteristics of the proposed structure are investigated and compared with the conventional structure. The simulation results indicate that the proposed structure exhibits an improvement in the following. Firstly, the on-state voltage drop is reduced by 32.75%. Secondly, the differential specific on-resistance is reduced by 42.33%. Finally, under the same on-state voltage drop, the turn-off energy is reduced more than 50.00%. At the end of the paper, it is explored that what effects the physical parameter of the P + shielding region in the proposed structure have on the steady state performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C17H21N4O5.5Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.4009(12) Å, b = 13.8160(18) Å, c = 15.1299(19) Å, β = 95.507(3)°, V = 1956.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0590, wRref(F2) = 0.1495, T = 298(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C30H36N12O10S2Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.770(11) Å, b = 12.482(6) Å, c = 14.098(7) Å, β = 95.054(8)°, V = 3991(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0390, wRref(F2) = 0.1120, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C30H36N12O10S2Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.770(11) Å, b = 12.482(6) Å, c = 14.098(7) Å, β = 95.054(8)°, V = 3991(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0390, wRref(F2) = 0.1120, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three layered sulfides ACuZnS 2 (A = K, Rb, Cs) were synthesized solvothermally by employing excess sulfur as a mineralizer. The photoelectric response experiments show that these compounds exhibit photoelectric response performance. Photocatalytic experiments reveal they have excellent photodegradation on methylene blue (MB). [Display omitted] • Three layered sulfides ACuZnS 2 (A = K, Rb, Cs) were synthesized solvothermally by employing excess sulfur as a mineralizer. • These isostructural compounds contain anionic [CuZnS 2 ] n n– layers composed of MS 4 (M = Cu/Zn) tetrahedra. • The photoelectric response experiments show that these compounds exhibit photoelectric response performance. • Photocatalytic experiments reveal they have excellent photodegradation on methylene blue (MB). By employing excess sulfur as a mineralizer, three quaternary hetero-transition metal sulfides KCuZnS 2 (1), RbCuZnS 2 (2), and CsCuZnS 2 (3) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. These isostructural compounds crystallize in tetragonal space group I 4/ mmm and contain anionic [CuZnS 2 ] n n– layers composed of MS 4 (M = Cu/Zn) tetrahedra. The band gap values suggest that these compounds are semiconductors. The photoelectric response experiments show that these compounds exhibit photoelectric response performance. In addition, photocatalytic experiments reveal they have excellent photodegradation on methylene blue (MB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds RbAgZnS 2 (1) and Cs 2 Ag 2 Zn 2 S 4 (2) have been successfully synthesized under facile solvothermal method using excess sulfur as a mineralizer. Compound 1 contains anionic [AgZnS 2 ] n n− layers composed of MS 4 (M ​= ​Ag/Zn) tetrahedra, in which Ag+ and Zn2+ ions occupy the same crystallographic site. In the structure of compound 2 , the anionic [Ag 2 Zn 2 S 4 ] n 2n− layer is composed of [AgS 2 ] n 3n− and [ZnS 2 ] n 2n− anion chains which are generated by AgS 4 and ZnS 4 tetrahedra, respectively. The band gap values of the two compounds reveal that they are semiconductors. Furthermore, the photoelectric response experiment indicates compound 2 exhibits excellent photoelectric response performance. Compound Cs 2 Ag 2 Zn 2 S 4 (2) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using excess sulfurasan effectivemineralizer.Its anionic [Ag 2 Zn 2 S 4 ] n 2n- layer is composed of [AgS 2 ] n 3n- and [ZnS 2 ] n 2n- anion chains which are generated by AgS 4 and ZnS 4 tetrahedra, respectively. Furthermore, the photoelectric response experiment indicates compound 2 exhibits excellent photoelectric response performance. [Display omitted] • Two sulfides RbAgZnS 2 ​(1) and Cs 2 Ag 2 Zn 2 S 4 ​(2) were synthesized solvothermally using excess sulfur as a mineralizer. • The structures of the two compounds are completely different due to the effect of different structural directing agents. • Cs 2 Ag 2 Zn 2 S 4 (2) exhibits excellent photoelectric response performance. • This is an extremely rare study on the influence of structural directing agents about hetero-transition metal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three dimensional (3D) nickel oxide/nickel (NiO x /Ni) structure has been synthesized through a facile in situ electro-oxidation method. The formation of NiO x through the electro-oxidation process has been proved by SEM and EDX, with some dense black dots appearing on the surface of Ni foam and the molar ratio of O/Ni increasing, which is nearly 7 times larger than the pure Ni foam. The increase in O content indicates the formatted black particles on the surface of Ni foam are composed of NiO x . The electrocatalytic property of the obtained 3D NiO x /Ni structure has been measured and it can be used as a highly active electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The overpotential to reach j = 10 mA cm −2 is 0.39 V. And after the long-term I – t measurement, extremely high electrochemical and physical stability are exhibited in the 3D structure, keeping electrochemical activity and morphology the same. The excellent OER properties may be attributed to the 3D structure and the interface effect of NiO x /Ni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, nanostructured Bi 2 WO 6 was synthesized using a hydrothermal method at 95 °C, the structure and photocatalytic properties of Bi 2 WO 6 were investigated. The effects of different surfactants and solvents on the morphology and photocatalytic performance of Bi 2 WO 6 were also discussed. The results showed that different surfactants have a great impact on the morphology and size of the prepared Bi 2 WO 6 . The Bi 2 WO 6 which used water as solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as surfactant had the most obvious photocatalytic effect. When using methyl orange as a degradation target, the degradation rate was 67.14% at 60 min, and reached 74.29% at 180 min. Compared with other traditional high temperature methods, this synthetic method is simple, and could be used for large-scale production in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two bi-functional compounds with a structure containing both a photochromic group indolinospiropyran and a photo-crosslinkable group chalcone connected by a soft spacer chain with alkyloxy and alkyl ester, or alkyldiester groups, were synthesized and the structures were confirmed with H NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The bi-functional compounds were dissolved in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or PMMA-co-4-hydroxychalcone methacrylate chloroform solution, and used to prepare photochromic PMMA films by a facile spin-coating method. Photocrosslinking reaction between the chalcone groups and photochromism of the spiropyran groups were accompanied under irradiation of 365 nm UV light. It was proved that the chalcone derivatives containing polymer films effectively retarded the decaying behavior of photochromism after photocycloaddition of the chalcone groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A potentially pentadentate hydrazone ligand, N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazide (H L), was prepared from the condensation reaction of nicotinohydrazide and acetylpyrazine. Reactions of H L with MnCl2, Mn(CH3COO)2 and Cd(CH3COO)2 afforded three metal complexes, namely dichlorido{ N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κ N1)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazide-κ2 N′, O}manganese(II), [MnCl2(C12H11N5O)], (I), bis{ N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κ N1)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidato-κ2 N′, O]manganese(II), [Mn(C12H10N5O)2], (II), and poly[[(acetato-κ2 O, O′){μ3- N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κ2 N1: N4)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidato-κ3 N′, O: N1}cadmium(II)] chloroform disolvate], {[Cd(C12H10N5O)(CH3COO)]·2CHCl3} n, (III), respectively. Complex (I) has a mononuclear structure, the MnII centre adopting a distorted square-pyramidal coordination. Complex (II) also has a mononuclear structure, with the MnII centre occupying a special position ( C2 symmetry) and adopting a distorted octahedral coordination environment, which is defined by two O atoms and four N atoms from two N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidate ( L−) ligands related via a crystallographic twofold axis. Complex (III) features a unique three-dimensional network with rectangular channels, and the L− ligand also serves as a counter-anion. The coordination geometry of the CdII centre is pentagonal bipyramidal. This study demonstrates that H L, which can act as either a neutral or a mono-anionic ligand, is useful in the construction of interesting metal-organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present work, the microstructure evolution of Al–8.35Zn–2.5Mg–2.25Cu alloy during homogenization treatments was investigated. The main grain boundary phases in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy were Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2, which had the structure similar to MgZn2 containing Al and Cu elements, and Al7Cu2Fe. The content of Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase firstly decreased sharply within the initial 1h, and then the mesh-like Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 structure was gradually evolved to be discontinuous particles. The ratio of Al, Zn, Mg and Cu elements in Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase was slightly affected by the homogenization treatment. Combining with other literature results, it could be concluded that the phase transition from Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2 to Al2CuMg phases was very difficult when Zn content was higher than 8wt.%. It is suggested that the significant effect of Zn might be explained by the diffusion behavior of Zn element. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Seven new organic trivalent lanthanide complexes containing a terpyridine or terpyridine-alkyne ligand, [Ln(L1)(CH3OH)(NO3)3] (Ln=Eu 1, Tb 2, Ce 3, Sm 4, Dy 5; L1=4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) and [Ln(L2)(NO3)3] (Ln=Eu 6, Tb 7; L2=4-(4-trimethylsilyl phenylacetylene)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), were synthesized by the reaction of Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln=Eu, Tb, Ce, Sm, Dy) with L1 and L2, respectively. In addition, a new 3d–4f type conjugated EuIII–Co0 carbonyl cluster complex, [(NO3)3Eu(η 3-L2-μ)(Co2(CO)6)] 8, was obtained by the reaction of complex 6 with Co2(CO)8 in THF. All of these complexes were characterized and X-ray single-crystal diffraction reveals that the CeIII ion is ten-coordinated and lies approximately in the center of a polyhedron with 16 faces in the structure of complex 3. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and intermolecular π–Br and π–π interactions. The luminescence properties of these complexes were also investigated in the solid state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]