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Bis(cyclohexylammonium) terephthalate (BCT) and cyclohexylammonium 4-methoxy benzoate (C4MB) single crystals were successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The harvested crystals were subjected to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, spectral, optical, thermal and mechanical studies in order to evaluate physiochemical properties. The Kurtz and Perry technique for second harmonic generation (SHG) study revealed that the powdered materials of BCT and C4MB exhibit SHG efficiency 0.2 times less and 1.3 times greater than that of standard reference material potassium dihydrogen phosphate. C4MB crystal exhibits high efficiency than BCT, because of methoxy group substituted in the para position of phenyl ring. With high SHG efficiency and thermal stability para substituted C4MB crystal will be a potential candidate for optical device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good quality single crystals of 4-Dimethylaminopyridinium p-Toluenesulfonate (4DMAPPTS) possessing third order nonlinearity were grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 4DMAPPTS belongs to monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group P2 1 /n. FT-IR spectral studies were carried out to identify the functional groups present in 4DMAPPTS. NMR spectral study confirms the molecular structure of the grown crystal. Dielectric measurements were made over a wide range of frequencies for different temperatures. The grown crystal was subjected to Vickers microhardness test to study the mechanical property. The etching studies reveal the growth pattern and dislocations present in the grown title crystal. The important optical parameters such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and optical band gap were estimated from UV–Visible spectral analysis. The negative third order nonlinear optical parameters like refractive index ( n 2 ), absorption coefficient ( β ) and susceptibility ( χ (3) ) were estimated by Z -scan studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] ETPB bulk single crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution growth method. [•] Ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide dihydrate was confirmed by single crystal XRD. [•] FT-IR, FT-Raman, thermal and mechanical studies were carried out. [•] Photoluminescence studies to explore its efficacy towards device fabrication. [•] The second harmonic generation was tested by Kurtz Perry powder technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Bulk single crystal of Methyl 2-amino-5-bromobenzoate (M2A5B) nonlinear optical single crystal of size 60mm length and 15mm diameter was successfully grown from solution by Unidirectional growth method of Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) for the first time in the literature. The growth conditions were optimized and the growth rate of 1.5mm per day was observed for the SR grown crystal. The crystal system and its lattice parameters were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The UV–vis transmission, Photoluminescence, Chemical Etching And Mechanical behavior of M2A5B were studied for conventional and SR methods grown crystals and compared. The second harmonic generation efficiency of M2A5B was confirmed by Kurtz–Perry powder method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Good quality single crystal of organic Methyl 2-amino-5-bromobenzoate (M2A5B) was grown using slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystal was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies were identified using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analyses. The presence of hydrogen and carbon atoms in the grown sample was confirmed with proton and carbon NMR spectral studies. The optical energy band gap of the title compound is found to be 2.7eV from the optical transmission spectra. The refractive indices nx , ny , and nz were found to be 1.569, 1.587 and 1.600, respectively using Brewster’s angle method. The melting point of the material obtained with melting point apparatus is 74°C. Thermal stability of the grown crystal was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The mechanical behaviour of the grown crystal was analyzed with Vicker’s microhardness tester. The particle size dependent second harmonic generation efficiency for M2A5B was evaluated by Kurtz–Perry powder method using Nd:YAG laser, which established the existence of phase matching. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The 1H-Benzimidazolium Hydrogen L-Tartrate Dihydrate (BT) was synthesized using benzimidazole and L-tartaric acid and grown as single crystal by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature (RT) using double-distilled water as a solvent. The crystal system has been confirmed from the single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder XRD analyses. Morphology of the grown BT crystal was obtained using WinXMorph software package. Photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectral studies were performed. The functional groups present in the material were identified from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the crystal was studied by TG-DTA (Thermalgravimetry analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis). The dielectric behavior was analyzed both as a function of frequency and temperature. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was studied with Vickers microhardness tester. The growth patterns were analyzed after etching the surface of the crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of BT was tested by Kurtz–Perry powder technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new semi-organic compound, 2-methyl imidazolium dihydrogen phosphate (2MIDP), was prepared and good quality single crystals of 2MIDP were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Crystal structure elucidated using Single crystal XRD showed that 2MIDP crystallizes in monoclinic system with P2 1 /c space group. FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR, Fluorescence and FT-NMR spectra confirm the molecular structure of 2MIDP. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra established the suitability of the compound for NLO applications. TG-DSC showed that 2MIDP is thermally stable up to 200 °C. Mechanical characteristics like hardness number (H v ), stiffness constant (C 11 ), yield strength (σ v ), fracture toughness (K c ) and brittleness index (B i ) were assessed using Vicker’s microhardness tester. Third order nonlinear optical properties determined from Z-scan measurement using femto and picosecond lasers showed two photon reverse saturable absorption. The enhancement of nonlinear optical properties in femto second laser, revealed the suitability of 2MIDP for optical limiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic crystal, L-lysine p-nitrophenolate monohydrate (LLPNP) has been grown from an aqueous solution by the slow evaporation method. The lattice parameters and space group of the grown crystal were determined from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The external and internal vibrational analyses of the crystal were carried out using the factor group method. The predicted vibrations were experimentally verified using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The dielectric behaviour of the crystal revealed that higher the frequency of charge carriers, lesser the activation energy. From the optical studies it is noted that, the lower cut off wavelength occurs at 460 nm and the band gap was found to be 2.78 eV. The second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity of the title crystal was measured by Kurtz–Perry powder method and found to be as 1.45 times as that of KDP. The crystal was found to exhibit positive photoconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-organic potassium boromalate hydrate KBC8H8O10·H2O (PBH) salt was synthesized by reflux method and grown as single crystals by slow evaporation technique. The single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra red (FT-IR) and Fourier transform Raman spectral analyses were carried out to confirm the grown crystals. The factor group analysis was performed and the possible vibrational modes were predicted for PBH. The first order hyperpolarizability value calculated by quantum chemical calculations is well supported by the results obtained from Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The transparency in the entire blue, green and IR region makes it a valid candidate for the NLO applications. From the dielectric studies it is inferred that conductance predominates at low frequency region due to the exchange of electrical charges at crystal surface which results in the local displacement of electrons in the direction of the applied field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Good quality single crystal of 2-methylimidazolium hydrogen succinate (2MISA) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth method. The grown crystal was investigated using various characterization techniques to study its properties. Single crystal of 2MISA was confirmed by single crystal XRD. The high resolution X-ray diffraction curve shows the structural perfection of the grown crystal. Factor group analysis predicts 153 possible modes of vibrations. IR and Raman measurements confirm the functional groups present in the title crystal. From the UV–vis spectrum the optical bandgap and refractive index were evaluated. The PL spectrum of the title compound shows green emission. Dielectric tensorial behavior of the grown single crystal was studied with varying frequencies. The thermal stability of 2MISA was analyzed using TGA/DTA measurements, which infer the thermally stability. Mechanical stability of the grown crystal was studied by Vickers hardness tester. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystal of l-serine methyl ester hydrochloride (LSMEHCl), was grown using slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystal was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the presence of functional groups were identified by FT-IR analysis. From the Optical transmission spectra of the grown crystal the optical energy band gap is found to be 5eV and the refractive indices (n x , n y and n z ) were found using Brewster''s angle method. The melting point of the material obtained using melting point apparatus is 168°C. The thermal stability of the crystal was investigated. The second harmonic generation was tested with different particle sizes of powdered LSMEHCl by Kurtz–Perry powder method using Nd:YAG laser, which established the existence of phase matching. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystal of 2-Methylimidazolium d-tartrate (2MImdT; C8N2O6H12) has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature using mixed solvents of ethanol and deionized water. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study confirms that 2-Methylimidazolium d-tartrate belongs to monoclinic crystal system with non-centrosymmetric space group P21. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of 2-Methylimidazolium d-tartrate reveals the presence of methyl and carboxyl functional groups in the compound. The mechanical properties of 2MImdT crystal were studied. The theoretical factor group analysis predicts 168 optical modes in the title compound. The dielectric behavior of 2MImdT crystals was studied at different frequencies and temperatures. Decomposition and melting point of 2MImdT were found using thermal measurements. SHG behavior of the title compound was demonstrated using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystals of α- and γ-glycine were grown by the slow evaporation solution growth method using deionised water as solvent. The α-glycine was transformed to γ-glycine by addition of KNO3 as additive and both the forms of glycine single crystals were grown and the characteristic properties were studied and compared. From the single crystal XRD analysis the grown α- and γ-glycine crystals are confirmed. The presence of the functional groups of α- and γ-glycine was analyzed from the recorded FT-IR spectrum. The optical transmission was ascertained from UV–vis–NIR spectrum. The lower cut-off wavelengths of α- and γ-glycine are 292 and 272nm, respectively. The second harmonic generation relative efficiency was measured by the Kurtz and Perry powder technique. Group theoretical analysis predicts 120 vibrational optical modes in α-glycine and 90 vibrational optical modes in γ-glycine. The TGA, DTA and dielectric studies were carried out to explore information about thermal and dielectric behavior, respectively, for α- and γ-glycine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present article reports the growth of single crystals of a complex Orthonitroaniline with picric acid (2[C6H6N2O2]·C6H2(NO2)3OH) (ONAP) by solution growth (slow evaporation) method at room temperature. Single crystal XRD, UV–vis spectral analysis and TGA/DTA studies were carried out. FT-IR and Raman spectra were recorded to explore information of the functional groups. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction curve reveals the internal structural low angle boundaries. The PL spectrum of the title compound shows green emission. Dielectric behaviour was investigated at 33 and 70°C. The dipole moment and first-order hyperpolarizability (β) values were evaluated by using Gaussian 98W software package with the help of B3LYP the density functional theory (DFT) method. The possible modes of vibrations are theoretically predicted by factor group analysis. The mechanical stability of the grown crystal was tested with Vicker’s microhardness tester and the work hardening coefficient of the grown material was estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Bulk single crystals of pure and metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+) doped sulphamic acid (SA) have been grown by conventional and unidirectional solution growth methods. Intensities of powder X-ray diffraction peaks of metal ions doped SA reveal that these dopants enhanced the crystallanity. The peak broadening and intensity variation in some frequency regions in FT-IR spectra show the incorporation of dopants in the SA lattice. Mn2+ and Cu2+ doped SA single crystals show high crystalline perfection (FWHM 5.5arcs) compared to pure and Ni2+ metal ions doped SA crystals. The grown pure and Mn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions doped SA crystals have transparency in the order SA>Mn:SA>Cu:SA>Ni:SA. The hardness value of Ni2+ doped crystal is relatively less than that of the pure and other metal ions doped SA crystals. Pure and Ni2+ ions doped SA crystals possess high dielectric constants than that of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions doped crystals. From the SEM micrograph analyses, it is observed that the doping of these metal ions modify the surface morphology of the grown crystals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The organic material of 2-amino-4-picolinium 4-aminobenzoate (C6H9N2 +·C7H6NO2 −) was synthesized and grown as single crystals at room temperature by slow evaporation solution growth technique in the constant temperature bath (±0.01°C) using ethanol as solvent. The grown crystals were characterized by XRD and FT-IR spectral analyses. The melting point, density, UV–visible spectral studies were carried out for the grown crystals. The theoretical factor group analysis predicts 372 internal modes of vibration and optical modes in the grown title compound. The second harmonic generation (SHG) output of 2-amino-4-picolinium 4-aminobenzoate was recorded by Kurtz–Perry powder technique and it is found to be 355mV at a given pulse energy of 1.45mJ/s and for urea the SHG output was 525mV. The dielectric behaviour of 2-amino-4-picolinium 4-aminobenzoate was investigated with different frequencies and temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Glycinium oxalate (GOX) single crystals were grown by slow cooling solution growth method. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra red studies confirm the grown crystal. The hardness values of GOX are found to be higher than glycine. The increase in hardness may be due to the C–H---O bonding. The UV–Visible studies show that GOX crystals can be used for nonlinear applications. The dielectric measurement indicates that the GOX crystals have domains of varying sizes and varying relaxation time. The SHG output of GOX was 210 mV at given pulse energy of 5 mJ/s and KDP was 240 mV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Single crystals of potential organic nonlinear optical materials of Benzaldehyde Semicarbazone (BSC) were grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were identified by X-ray diffraction method. The functional groups were identified from FT-IR spectrum. UV-visible and thermal gravimetric analyses were made. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Semicarbazone of benzophenone single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystals have been characterized using XRD, melting point, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra analyses. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal belongs to the triclinic crystal system and space group P1. From FT-IR studies it is found that the compound possesses both free and hydrogen bonded N–H stretching modes. The hydrogen bonded N–H stretching mode is found to be the major driving force for packing of molecules in the crystals. The transparency of the grown crystals has been confirmed using UV-Vis spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Single crystals of ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate (ATOXAL) were grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The crystal structure was confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. The functional groups present were explored and ammonium ion reveals its group frequency at 1404 cm −1 and 1489 cm −1 respectively from the recorded FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. Microhardness studies were carried out with the Vicker's microhardness tester. The TG, DTA and DSC studies divulged information about thermal behaviour. The HOPM studies supported the thermal anomalies in the crystal. The density was evaluated to be 1.639 g/cc. The optical behaviour was examined with DRS, UV–vis, photoluminescence and photoconductivity studies. The optical band gap was assessed to be 3.963 eV. Negative photoconductivity was exhibited. SEM micrographs showed the purity and crystalline nature of the grown crystals. Dielectric anomalies are seen in the variation of the dielectric constant with temperature suggesting the ferroelectric nature of the crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of electro-optical modulator and third order nonlinearity of an organic single crystal of Imidazolium l -tartrate (IMLT) 〈0 1 0〉 grown by unidirectional growth method of Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) are discussed for the first time in literature. The grown IMLT seed crystals were characterized by single crystal XRD and the lattice parameters were confirmed. The UV–Visible transmittance analysis shows that SR method grown IMLT single crystal possesses good transmittance in the entire visible region with a low cut-off wavelength at 240 nm. The mechanical study on the (0 1 0) plane of the IMLT single crystal analyzed by Vickers microhardness tester reveals the moderate hardness of the material. Photoconductivity studies on pure IMLT single crystal enumerated the positive photoconducting nature. Refractive index of the IMLT single crystal was determined by Brewster angle method. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiency of IMLT is 4.3 times greater than the standard Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystal. Nonlinear refractive index ( n 2 ), nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β ) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ (3) were evaluated using Z-scan method. The half wave voltage and electro-optical coefficient of IMLT crystal were determined using polarimetric technique. The electro-optical coefficient ( r 12 ) of IMLT is found to be greater than that of KDP crystal which represents the suitability of IMLT crystal to design the electro-optical modulator with low half wave voltage for nonlinear optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present investigation the catalyst-free and seed-mediated simple aqueous solution growth approach for the preparation of various ZnO nanostructures (nanoplates, cauliflower, hexagonal shaped hollow and solid nanorods) on amorphous glass substrate at 95°C is reported for the first time in the literature. Wurtzite structure of grown nanostructures was confirmed by the XRD analysis. The strong UV peak (385nm) corresponding to the band-edge-emission was observed in the photoluminescence spectra. The slight shift observed in PL bands with growth time is attributed to the quantum confinement effect owing to variation in nanostructure size and/or shape. The possible mechanism for the formation of different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures is elaborated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In recent days amino acid single crystals are gaining importance due to good optical behavior. The title compound consists of l-alanine; an amino acid and maleic acid; an aromatic organic compound. It has been successfully synthesized and the single crystal has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth. The grown single crystal has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis and FTIR measurements. The crystalline perfection was examined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique and found that the specimen quality is quite good. Optical behavior has been assessed by UV–Vis analysis and found that there is no absorption in the entire visible region. The relative second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement reveals that the incorporation of maleic acid to l-alanine leads to increase its value of SHG. The mechanical behavior and the thermal analysis have been carried out using Vickers microhardness and TG/DTA measurements respectively. Its hyperpolarizability was estimated by density functional theory (DFT). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Good quality 〈100〉 benzil single crystal with a diameter 18mm and length 75mm was successfully grown from solution by the unidirectional growth method of Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) for the first time in the literature. The seed crystals have been harvested from conventional solution growth technique and subsequently used for unidirectional growth. The grown crystal was subjected to various characterization studies. The results of UV–vis spectral analysis, photoluminescence, etching and microhardness studies were compared with conventional solution grown crystal to that of SR method grown crystal. The quality of SR method grown benzil crystal is better than conventional solution grown crystal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: (0.5mol%) Dysprosium (Dy) doped bismuth silicon oxide (BSO) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique under air atmosphere. Detailed analysis of Dy-doped BSO with pure BSO has been studied through optical analysis. The absorption edges of pure and Dy-doped BSO crystals are found to be 405nm and 415nm, respectively. The shift in the absorption edge is contributed to the defect centers created in the crystal with Dy-doping. The shifts observed in the Raman spectra on doping Dy are found to be lower, when compared with the pure BSO crystal. This effect can be correlated to the lattice distortion induced by the Dy doping. The oxide formation and intrinsic defects in the BSO crystal have been identified by photoluminescence analysis. Dielectric measurements reveal that higher permeability value in the BSO sample is due to the presence of charged defects, which can be related to the space charge polarization. There is a slight decrease in dielectric constant on doping with Dy. The piezoelectric value explains the defects formed in the crystal. On poling, d 33 value of BSO and Dy-doped BSO are 32pC/N and 40pC/N, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Organic crystal of imidazolium picrate (IP) was synthesized and successfully grown by the slow cooling solution growth method using ethanol and acetone as solvents. The structural, thermal, optical and mechanical properties were studied for the grown crystal. Cell parameters were determined using X-ray diffraction studies. HRXRD study shows the crystalline perfection. FT-IR and laser Raman studies confirm the functional groups present in the title material. The optical properties such as optical bandgap and refractive index of the title material were obtained from the UV–visible spectrum. The PL spectrum of the title compound shows green emission. The thermal stability of the crystal has been determined using TG/DTA studies. Vicker''s microhardness studies were carried out to understand the mechanical properties of the grown crystal. The hardness of the title compound increases on increasing the load. Theoretical factor group analysis enumerates the possible modes of vibrations. The dielectric tensor, dielectric loss and conductivity over a range of frequencies and temperatures have been presented. Dielectric tensor components have been determined theoretically using the DFT theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Synthesis, crystal growth of an adduct 2:1 4-aminobenzoic acid–nicotinic acid (AMN) and characterization are reported. The crystallographic data of the title compound are obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The optical absorbance spectrum from 200 to 2250nm shows the cutoff occurs at 490nm. Thermal analysis carried out reveals the melting point and thermal stability of the grown crystal. Dielectric studies were carried out at different temperatures and frequencies. Vicker’s microhardness test was performed to analyze the mechanical strength of the grown specimen. The grown features were analyzed by chemical etching. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The bulk single crystals of sodium pentaborate [Na(H4B5O10)] were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using deionized water as solvent. The grown crystal was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) studies by recording rocking curve. The photoluminescence (PL), UV–vis spectral studies were performed and the optical bandgap of the material was calculated. The presence of the functional groups was identified by FT-IR measurement. The factor group analysis was done on Na(H4B5O10) to reveal the vibrational optical modes. The thermal and mechanical properties of the grown crystal were studied by TG–DTA and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. The dielectric behavior of Na(H4B5O10) was investigated with different frequencies and temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The bulk single crystals of nonlinear optical material potassium pentaborate (KB5) have been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using water as solvent. The grown crystal was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) studies by recording rocking curve. The photoluminescence (PL), UV–vis spectral studies were performed and the optical bandgap of the material was calculated. FTIR and FT-Raman measurements enumerate the functional groups present in the compound. The factor group analysis on KB5 reveals that there are 117 vibrational optical modes. The dielectric behavior of KB5 was investigated with different frequencies and temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The organic nonlinear optical crystal of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) was grown by slow cooling solution growth technique using methanol as solvent. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analyses were carried out to confirm the NBS crystals. The ultra violet (UV)–Visible and photoluminescence spectral studies were carried out, the green band at 2.02 eV can be attributed to radiative recombination between deep donors and shallow acceptors. The second harmonic generation (SHG) behaviour of NBS was tested by Kurtz–Perry powder technique. The hardness behaviour, laser damage threshold and dielectric characteristics of NBS crystals were studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The induced damage in single crystals of Sodium sulphanilate dihydrate (SSDH) irradiated at IUAC, New Delhi with 15MV Pelletron accelerator with 100MeV Ag7+ and 70MeV Li3+ ions has been studied by optical measurements, mechanical hardness measurements, Electrical and ERDA measurements. Optical absorption measurements increase with the increase in fluence. The mechanical hardness of the crystal decreases on irradiation. The dielectric constant of SSDH increases on irradiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Organic nonlinear optical crystal of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene has been successfully grown by low temperature solution growth technique. Good optical quality single crystals of size 28mm×11mm×5mm are obtained. Grown crystals were subjected to X-ray powder diffraction analysis, FT-IR, FT-Raman, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) and etching studies. Thermal properties of the grown crystals were studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). UV–vis studies show the cutoff wavelength is less than 400nm. Nonlinear optical property of the crystal was studied by Kurtz powder technique using Nd:YAG laser and the crystal exhibits second harmonic generation property. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The potential organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials of benzimidazole single crystals have been grown by vertical Bridgman technique by optimizing the growth conditions. The crystalline perfection has been studied by high resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD). Due to thermal stresses induced during growth and post-growth cooling cycle, the grown crystals were found to have some internal structural very low angle and low angle grain boundaries. After thermal treatment (annealing with slow heating and cooling rates) the observed grain boundaries were found to annulled out and the crystalline perfection has been increased up to a large extent. The laser damage threshold measurement and second-harmonic generation (SHG) studies have been made on the benzimidazole single crystal using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as a source. 13C-NMR studies have been carried out to identify the carbon present in the grown crystal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new organic crystal of semicarbazone of 2–amino–5–chloro–benzophenone has been grown as a single crystal by slow evaporation solution growth technique for the first time in the literature. The grown crystal has been characterised by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis and single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies. Functional groups of the crystallised molecules were confirmed by FT-IR and FT-Raman analyses. Mechanical strength of the crystals was studied by microhardness test. Optical transparency of the grown crystals has been studied by UV-Visible spectra. The second harmonic generation property of the compound was analysed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The electro-optic and nonlinear optical crystals of benzimidazole have been successfully grown by vertical Bridgman technique by optimizing the growth conditions. The reproducibility of crystal growth has been tested and established. This is the first report for the growth of benzimidazole by melt technique. The crystal system was determined from the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The functional groups have been identified and confirmed by NMR and FTIR studies. The second harmonic generation was confirmed from the green emission of benzimidazole using Nd:YAG laser as a source. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the present work 4,4′-dihydroxyazobenzene was synthesized and grown as single crystal (2×5×10 mm3) by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystals were studied by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The vibrational frequencies of the grown crystal were derived from FTIR spectrum. The thermal, optical and mechanical properties were studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bulk single crystals of methyl 4-hydroxy benzoate have been successfully grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The grown crystals have been subjected to spectroscopic studies like FT-IR and FT-Raman. The hardness of the crystal was measured by Vicker''s microhardness tester. The lattice parameters have been calculated by X-ray diffraction technique and the values are in good agreement with the reported JCPDS file. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the present work di-sodium hydrogen phosphate single crystals have been grown from aqueous solution by slow cooling technique using a constant temperature bath (±0.01°C). The temperature of the solution was reduced at 0.5°C/day and 0.15°C/day from 40°C to 35°C. Good quality transparent single crystals have been obtained. The solubility of the material for different temperatures has been studied. The grown crystals were studied by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The FTIR and UV–visible spectra of the grown crystals were recorded. The thermal behaviour of the material was studied by simultaneously recorded thermo gravimetric and differential thermal plots. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]