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Objective: To compare the efficacy of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), and to explore the risk factors of recurrence 1 year after operation. Methods: 100 patients with paroxysmal AF who were admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were selected, and the patients were divided into group A (n=48, RFCA) and group B (n=52, CBA) according to the different operation schemes. The operation related indicators, the incidence of complications and the recurrence rate of 1 year after operation were compared in the two groups. All patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether or not they had a recurrence. Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of recurrence 1 year after operation. Results: The operation time, ablation time and X-ray exposure time in the group B were shorter than those in the group A (P＜0.05). The total incidence of complications in the group B was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups (P＞0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the recurrence of paroxysmal AF patients 1 year after operation was related to B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), age, white blood cell count (WBC), body mass index, creatinine (Cr), combined hypertension, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), diabetes,left atrial diameter (LAD), combined coronary heart disease, course of disease, uric acid, and the type of f wave in electrocardiogram (P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that longer course of disease, higher uric acid, larger LAD, older age, higher hs-CRP, fine wave type of f wave in electrocardiogram, and higher BNP were risk factors for recurrence of paroxysmal AF patients 1 year after operation (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Both CBA and RFCA have a good effect in the treatment of paroxysmal AF. CBA has a good effect in improving the operation condition and safety of patients. The recurrence rate of patients with paroxysmal AF was high one year after operation, and the course of disease, uric acid, LAD, age, hs-CRP, BNP, and the type of f wave in electrocardiogram were all the influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]