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This study is based on the material of myodocopid ostracodes of the family Philomedidae collected by the Russian Antarctic Polar Expeditions (1963-2007) and the Germany Expeditions on R/V "Polarstern" (1990-2002) from the continental shelf and upper slope near the Mawson and Davis stations, the Weddell Seas, the region of the South Shetland Islands near the Russian Polar station "Molodezhnaya" and adjacent waters. Eight philomedid species belonging to two genera were identified in these collections. Scleroconcha tuberculata sp. nov. is described and figured as a new species. Additional descriptions and figures for the species S. gallardoi Kornicker, 1971, Philomedes assimilis Brady, 1907, P. charcoti Daday, 1908, P. heptatrix Kornicker, 1975, P. rotunda Skogsberg, 1920, P. orbicularis Brady, 1907 and P. tetrathrix Kornicker, 1975 are given. Keys for all species of the mentioned genera known from the Southern Ocean are presented. A list of sampling stations and species collected is provided in the Appendix 1.

We report new ostracod data (Family Cylindroleberididae) based on material collected during the German Expeditions onboard the research vessel "Polarstern" from bathyal and abyssal zones (sampling depth range from 1030 to 3963 m) in the Weddell and Scotia Seas and Drake Passage in 2002 and 2005. Four species belonging to four genera were identified in these collections. A new species, Synasterope pseudomystax, is illustrated and described. A first occurrence of an adult female is registered for Archasterope weddellensis (Kornicker, 1975). Additional description for Parasterope cf. styx Kornicker, 1975 is given. Description of Bathyleberis grossmani Kornicker, 1975 is supplemented with new data on the distribution. Additionally, keys for all species known for Antarctic waters are included.

Material from Spitsbergen (Norway) collected by Spitzenberger (1996) was reinvestigated. A new genus Arctocypris and a new species Arctocypris. fuhrmanni n. gen. n. sp. are described in the present paper. A key to the genera of the subfamily Eucypridinae is provided. At the moment Arctocypris n. gen. comprises four species: Arctocypris arctica (Olofsson, 1918) comb. nov.; A. dulcifons (Diebel & Pietrzeniuk, 1969) comb. nov.; A. foveata (Delorme, 1968) comb. nov. and Arctocypris fuhrmanni n. gen., n. sp.

Skogsbergiella tetrathrix sp. nov. and S. species A, species of the family Cylindroleberididae are described from the Drake Passage (59°21.97´S - 60°4.27´W to 59°22.55´S - 60°4.01´W, depth 2372-2380 m) and Weddell Sea  (75°49.9´S-27°31.7´W to 74°51.55´S-27°40.3´W, depth 467-475m) respectively. Skogsbergiella tetrathrix sp.nov. is very close to S. macrothrix Kornicker, 1975 but differs by greater size of carapace, 2-jointed rod-shaped organ, lesser number of setae on comb of fifth limb and teeth on combs of seventh limb, and absence of lateral eyes. S. species A is similar to S. skogsbergi Kornicker, 1971 and S. senex Kornicker, 1996 but differs in size and number of setae on the dorsal margin of mandibular basale and seventh limb.

Since 1928, Henri Gauthier has been the only zoologist to describe the extant non-marine ostracod fauna of Tunisia. In 2010, new samples of living non-marine ostracods were collected from central and southern Tunisia. A complete list of the 41 non-marine ostracods of Tunisia is presented, including the species of Gauthier's work, published Holocene records, and new results from our field study. Historical faunal variations (El Melah Lagoon, Lac de Tunis, Sebkhas El- Guettiate and Dreiaa, and Lac Ichkeul) are briefly discussed and related to recent environmental changes. In 2006, El Melah Lagoon contained a freshwater, brackish, and a marine ostracod assemblage. In the future, this lagoon will probably dry up and become a sebkha. Lac de Tunis has developed from a marine bay over a lagoon connected to the Mediterranean Sea to a brackish/freshwater environment. Sebkhas El-Guettiate and Dreîaa have developed from marine bays to dry salt flats. Lac Ichkeul is eutrophied and has become brackish since the time of Gauthier. We also describe a new species, Psychrodromus tunisicus n. sp., and present a determination key for the genus. The finding of a species of the genus Psychrodromus is the first report of this genus in North Africa.