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Purpose: Examining the associations of a-posteriori-defined dietary patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Iranian adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 900 apparently healthy students (mean age 15.33 years; 53.0% female) during 2020–21. The validated Persian version of self-report Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL) for healthy adolescents was used in an online survey to assess HRQOL. Total, physical health, psychosocial health, emotional functioning, social functioning, and school functioning PedsQL scores were calculated, and impaired HRQOL was defined as > 1 standard deviation below the total population sample mean PedsQL scores. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes during telephone interviews. Daily intakes of 20 predefined food groups were calculated and submitted to the principal component factor analysis to identify a-posteriori-defined dietary patterns. Results: Three major dietary patterns labeled as Mediterranean, mixed, and unhealthy were identified, of which only the Mediterranean pattern characterized by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, olives, potatoes, eggs, nuts and legumes, pickles, low-fat dairy, fish, poultry, and vegetable oils was consistently associated with HRQOL. Controlling for covariates in the multivariable-adjusted binary logistic regression analysis, participants in the top tertile of Mediterranean pattern score were less likely to have impaired HRQOL than those in the bottom tertile (total: OR 0.25; physical health: OR 0.35; psychosocial health: OR 0.15; emotional functioning: OR 0.17; social functioning: OR 0.15; and school functioning: OR 0.18; all P < 0.010). Conclusion: Current findings indicate that an a-posteriori-defined Mediterranean-style dietary pattern is associated with better HRQOL among healthy Iranian adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Diet has been shown to be associated with bone mineral density (BMD); however, the inflammatory potential of diet in modulating BMD has not yet been studied. Methods: We examined the association between a newly developed dietary inflammatory index (DII) and BMD in a sample of postmenopausal Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study, 160 postmenopausal women aged 50-85 years were studied and their femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a previously validated, 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic and linear regression models were fit to derive beta estimates and odds ratios (ORs), with DII fit as continuous and as a dichotomous variable. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, women with higher DII scores were more likely to have BMD below the median in the lumbar spine with the DII being used as both a continuous variable [OR 1.64, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.43, p value = 0.01; one-unit increase corresponding to ≈17 % of its range in the current study] and a categorical variable (OR 2.30, 95 % CI 1.05-5.07, p value = 0.04). Similar associations were observed when lumbar spine BMD was used as a continuous outcome. No significant association was observed with BMD in femoral neck, although the direction was along expected lines. Conclusion: These data suggest a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by increasing DII score, may be a risk factor for lower BMD in lumbar spine in postmenopausal Iranian women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: So far, few studies have examined the relationship between dietary patterns and depression in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine this relationship in a sample of adolescent Iranian girls. Materials and methods: 347 female high school students aged 14-17 years living in Shiraz, Iran participated in this cross-sectional study. General and physical activity questionnaires, dietary recalls, and Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) were completed for all individuals and their anthropometric characteristics were measured. The major dietary patterns were then identified using principal component factor analysis. Findings: In total, 2 major dietary patterns were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders in multivariate linear regression analysis, the Western pattern (characterized by high consumption of French fries, hydrogenated fats, mayonnaise, sweets and desserts, high-fat dairy, refined grains, red or processed meats, pickles, organ meats, and soft drinks and low consumption of low-fat dairy) was positively (standardized β coefficient: 0.510, P < 0.001) and the healthy pattern (characterized by high intake of vegetables, legumes, boiled potatoes, poultry, fish, vegetable oils, olives, fruits and fruit juices, and low-fat dairy and low intake of refined grains) was inversely associated (standardized β coefficient: -0.508, P < 0.001) with BDI-II score. Conclusion: Overall, findings of this study indicate that certain dietary patterns are associated with depression in adolescent Iranian girls. However, more studies are needed to further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]