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Objective: To investigate the relationships between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and body composition among postmenopausal women in China. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 776 postmenopausal women in China from May to July 2008. Clinical information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Measures of body composition were obtained using dual X‐ray absorptiometry. Body lean mass and fat mass indices were calculated by dividing total body lean/fat weight (kg) by body height squared (kg/m2). Blood samples were collected to assess liver and renal functions and lipid profiles. Analysis of variance, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression were used to analyze the associations between serum ALT and body composition. Results: We found negative relationships of serum ALT with age, menopause duration, and serum HDL‐C levels. Serum ALT was positively correlated with BMI, serum TG levels, and the lean mass index and fat mass index. In a multivariate model adjusted for age, menopause duration, serum TG, and HDL‐C levels, a 1‐unit increase in the fat mass index was associated with a 0.176 U/L increase in ALT (95% CI 0.020 to 0.050, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Serum ALT was positively associated with the body fat mass index of postmenopausal women in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between renal function and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of renal function with BMD and osteoporosis risk in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 776 healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMDs. Clinical, demographic, and biochemical data were obtained at the time of image acquisition. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using a Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Results: Women with eGFR levels of at least 90 ml/min/1.73m2 had a lower prevalence of osteoporosis compared with women with decreased eGFR levels (60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ≤ eGFR < 90.0 ml/min/1.73 m2). BMDs at femoral neck and total hip were significantly lower in the lower eGFR class than the higher class (0.717 ± 0.106 vs 0.744 ± 0.125 g/cm2, P < 0.01; 0.796 ± 0.116 vs 0.823 ± 0.129 g/cm2, P < 0.01, respectively). eGFR was positively correlated with BMDs at femoral neck and total hip in unadjusted analysis (P < 0.05). After controlling for age, menopausal duration and body mass index (BMI), decreased eGFR was not associated with osteoporosis risk. Conclusions: After adjustments for age, menopausal duration and BMI, the decline in renal function was not independently associated with osteoporosis risk in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes [T2D] and thyroid dysfunction [TD] often co-occur, have overlapping pathologies, and their risk increases with age. Since 1995, universal salt iodization has been implemented in China to prevent disorders caused by iodine deficiency. However, after two decades of implementation of universal salt iodization, the prevalence of TD in elderly Chinese patients with T2D is not well described and may have been underestimated. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey across 24 endocrinology centers in China between December 2015 and July 2016. Demographic and clinical data from 1677 patients with T2D were obtained and analyzed to examine the prevalence of TD along with T2D in these patients. We assessed TD prevalence according to the four TD subtypes [subclinical hypothyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and clinical hyperthyroidism], TD history, gender, and age. The diagnosis rates were calculated for TD and also for the TD subtype. The number of patients reaching treatment goals for T2D [hemoglobin A1c <7%] and TD [normal free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]] and the incidences of complications and comorbidities were recorded. Among the enrolled patients with T2D [N = 1677], TD was diagnosed in 23.79% [399/1677] out of which 61% (245/399) were previously diagnosed and 38.59% (154/399) were newly diagnosed cases. Subclinical hypothyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and clinical hyperthyroidism were reported in 4.89%, 9.3%, 1.13%, and 3.16% of the total population, respectively. Among patients previously diagnosed with TD, the incidence in women [166/795; 20.88%] was higher than in men [79/882; 8.96%]. The treatment goals for TD and T2D were attained in 39.6% [97/245] and 34.41% [577/1677] of the cases, respectively. Diabetic complications and comorbidities were reported in 99.7% of patients, with peripheral neuropathy being the most common [43.46%] followed by cataract [24.73%]. We had found that the incidences of dyslipidemia, elevated LDL levels, and osteoporosis were significantly higher in patients with TD than those without TD. TD is underdiagnosed in elderly Chinese patients with T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Recent studies suggest that serum lipid profiles are related to bone mineral density ( BMD). But data about this relationship on Chinese population are scarce. We investigated the relationships between serum lipid and BMD in postmenopausal Chinese women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 790 Chinese postmenopausal women. BMDs were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Serum lipid profiles were obtained after a 12-h fasting. Results Women with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) levels of at least 1·55 mmol/l had a greater prevalence of osteoporosis compared with women with lower HDL-C (≤1·54 mmol/l). After controlling for age, menopausal duration, body mass index, serum creatinine levels, outdoor activity, smoking and alcohol intake, high HDL-C levels were associated with osteoporosis ( OR = 1·64, 95% CI 1·16-2·33, P < 0·01). BMD at femoral neck and total hip was significantly lower in the higher HDL-C class than the lower class (0·722 ± 0·118 vs 0·744 ± 0·120 g/cm2, P < 0·01; 0·800 ± 0·126 vs 0·824 ± 0·125 g/cm2, P < 0·01, respectively). No association was found between total cholesterol ( TC), triglyceride ( TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) with BMD. Conclusions In Chinese postmenopausal women, elevated levels of serum HDL-C had a greater probability of being osteoporosis than the lower HDL-C levels. Our analysis showed higher HDL-C level that is favourable for cardiovascular diseases should be regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]