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Although marital forgiveness has been found to increase marital satisfaction, no research to date has examined the actual mechanism. This could derive from the ABCM model of marital satisfaction (Hall, 2021), in which disposition to forgive is understood as one of the marriage maintenance strategies contributing to spousal happiness. In two cross-sectional studies, we examined the association between marital forgiveness and satisfaction. We also tested a model in which dispositional forgiveness mediates the link between forgiveness of a particular marital incident and satisfaction with spousal relationship, moderated by transgression severity and apology. The Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and measures of marital satisfaction were used. Positive main effects between forgiveness and multidimensional marital satisfaction emerged. Moderated mediation revealed the mediation effect of dispositional forgiveness, which did not depend on the level of the moderators (severity and apology). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although there have been studies linking personality to selected aspects of functioning at work, Polish literature reports a shortage of detailed analyses considering, e.g., specific professional groups or certain variables. The aim of our study was to explore the links between personality traits and emotional labor, work engagement and job satisfaction among service workers.Material and Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional, self-report survey of 137 workers representing different service industries in Poland. Each participant received a demographic data sheet and a set of questionnaires: NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Deep Acting and Surface Acting Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale - all in their Polish versions.Results: A correlation analysis revealed numerous relationships between the examined variables. However, results of the regression analysis showed that only some personality traits were related with individual aspects of functioning at work. Neuroticism accounted for the phenomenon of faking emotions. Conscientiousness was significantly related to general work engagement, vigor and dedication. Agreeableness and neuroticism significantly predicted job satisfaction.Conclusions: Individual personality traits account for various aspects of work functioning. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):767-782. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Links between contextual variables and forgiveness have been widely acknowledged in the literature. From the layperson's perspective, receipt of an apology is one of the most important reasons to forgive the offender, while lack of apology is a major reason not to forgive (Younger et al., 2004). The effect of apology or remedial behaviors on forgiveness has been confirmed by many studies. However, more in-depth analyses of the associations have been undertaken very rarely. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between apology and forgiveness moderated by the personality variables, such as the Big Five dimensions and trait anger. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in Polish samples consisting, respectively, of 259 and 236 individuals aged 15–79. Polish versions of the Decision to Forgive Scale, the Emotional Forgiveness Scale, the Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 were used. Perceived apology was rated using a five-point scale. The results showed that apology was positively related to both emotional and decisional forgiveness. Agreeableness, as the only personality dimension, moderated the link between apology and decisional forgiveness. Participants with average and higher levels of agreeableness showed a greater decision to forgive their offenders. • The apology-forgiveness relationships moderated by personality were tested. • Apology was positively related to both emotional and decisional forgiveness. • The Big Five dimensions and trait anger were considered as moderators. • Agreeableness moderated the link between apology and decisional forgiveness. • Trait anger had no effect on the apology-forgiveness association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]